Ambazone

Ambazone is an oral antiseptic.

Ambazone[1]
Names
IUPAC name
[4-(2-(Diaminomethylidene)hydrazinyl)phenyl]iminothiourea
Other names
2-[4-[(aminoiminomethyl)hydrazono]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-Hydrazinecarbothioamide; (4-Oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylideneamino)guanidine thiosemicarbazone; 1,4-Benzoquinone amidinohydrazone thiosemicarbazone; Ambazon; Anginon; Benzoquinone guanylhydrazone thiosemicarbazone; Faringosept; Guanothiazon; Inversal; Inversal; Ivertol; N-Guanidino-N'-thioureido-p-benzoquinonediimide; Primal; p-Benzoquinone amidinohydrazone thiosemicarbazone;Faringosept (TN); Ambazone (INN); OAMBAZONE; Ambazonum [INN-Latin]; Ambazona [INN-Spanish]; Ambazone [INN:BAN:DCF]; CCRIS 1926; MLS001240207
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.922
EC Number
  • 208-713-0
KEGG
PubChem CID
UNII
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C8H11N7S/c9-7(10)14-12-5-1-3-6(4-2-5)13-15-8(11)16/h1-4H,(H4,9,10,14)(H3,11,15,16)/b12-5-,13-6+ Y
    Key: MLMFUKWWZIZRHX-UWRPRBHNSA-N Y
  • InChI=1/C8H11N7S/c9-7(10)14-12-5-1-3-6(4-2-5)13-15-8(11)16/h1-4H,(H4,9,10,14)(H3,11,15,16)/b12-5-,13-6+
    Key: MLMFUKWWZIZRHX-UWRPRBHNBF
SMILES
  • NC(=S)N\N=C1\C=C/C(=N\NC(N)=N)/C=C1
Properties
Chemical formula
 C8H11N7S
Molar mass 237.28 g/mol
Appearance Dark Brown Powder
Solubility in water
 0.2 mg/100 ml water
Pharmacology
R02AA01 (WHO)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Ambazon was patented in 1957 by Bayer under the trade name Iversal, and briefly used in Germany. It is still used in Russia, countries of the former Soviet Union, Poland[2] and Romania. It has not been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Synthesis

Ambazone can be obtained in a two step synthetic method, reacting 1,4-benzoquinone with aminoguanidine and thiosemicarbazide.[3][4]

Obtaining a pharmaceutical grade material is difficult due to high amounts of by-products, synthetic intermediates and decomposition products.[5]

Applications

Bacteriostatic action on hemolytic streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and viridans streptococci.

Physical properties

Through experimental testing ambazone has shown antiseptic properties, along with anti-tumor properties. Ambazone has the following physical characteristics.

Table 1. Physical properties
Dark brown
Odorless
Tasteless
Powder
Melting Point 192–194 °C (decomp.)[6]
Table 2. Solubilityper 100 ml
Water0.2 mg
Methanol0.5 mg
Chloroform0.3 mg
1-butanol6.5 mg
Ethyl acetate17 mg
Acetone50 mg
Ethanol85 mg
Dimethyl formamide1.7 g
sulfoxide2.5 g
Table 3. Uv-Visnm
Water403
Alcohols440-445
Ethyl acetate453
Dimethyl sulfoxide467

Ambazone is prepared by way of solid based crystallization or grinding.

Mode of action

The mode of action for ambazone has been studied extensively and has been shown to react via different methods. Ambazone shows low mutagenic activity and no cardiovascular, CNS, metabolic, or gastrointestinal side-effects with I.V. doses up to 10-5 mol/kg and oral doses up to 10-3 mol/kg. Ambazone can be administered via oral or I.V. administration, but the problem with oral administration is that one experimental study shows there is only a 35–50% absorption while another study shows 40% in the intestines; These results would tend to lead the reader to think that ambazone would not be the best choice for treatment, because with such a low absorbance, there is going to have to be a greater concentration ingested to gain a positive effect from the drug. The problem with a greater concentration is that ambazone has a half-life of 6–7 hours. It was stated above that ambazone possess no CNS side-effects due to the fact, that it will not cross the blood brain barrier. Although this is the body’s way of protecting unwanted substances from attacking the brain, this also limits the treatment of brain tumors with ambazone.

References
  1. Ambazone
  2. "Faringosept tabletki - działanie, dawkowanie, cena, refundacja | Medycyna Praktyczna".
  3. Patent DE965723: Verfahren zur Herstellung von ondensationsprodukten. Angemeldet am 31. Januar 1953, veröffentlicht am 19. Juni 1957, Anmelder: Bayer AG, Erfinder: Siegfried Petersen, Gerhard Domagk.
  4. A. Kleemann, J. Engel, B. Kutscher, D. Reichert: Pharmaceutical Substances - Synthesis, Patents, Applications, 4. Auflage (2001) Thieme-Verlag Stuttgart, ISBN 978-1-58890-031-9.
  5. "Patent WO 2005/028431". Archived from the original on 2014-03-31. Retrieved 2014-03-31.
  6. Marshall Sittig: Pharmaceutical manufacturing encyclopedia. -- 3rd ed. 2007 p. 215
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