Dermatofibroma

A dermatofibroma, or benign fibrous histiocytomas, is a benign nodule in the skin, typically on the legs, elbows or chest of an adult.[3] It is usually painless.[3]

Dermatofibroma
Other namesDermal dendrocytoma,[1] Dermatofibroma,[2] Fibrous dermatofibroma,[2] Fibrous histiocytoma,[2] Fibroma simplex,[1] Nodular subepidermal fibrosis,[1] and Sclerosing hemangioma[1])
Histopathology of dermatofibroma, with basilar hyperpigmentation of the overlying epidermis (top right), and spindled fibroblasts with collagen entrapment. HE stain.
SpecialtyOncology 

It usually ranges from 0.2cm to 2cm in size but larger examples have been reported.[3] It typically results from mild trauma such as an insect bite.[3] Risk factors for developing multiple dermatofibromas include lupus, HIV, blood cancer and some medicines that weaken immunity.[3]

It is usually diagnosed by its appearance, but a biopsy may be required.[3] Other bumps such as granular cell tumor, melanoma, clear cell acanthoma and dermatofibrosis lenticularis disseminata may look similar.[3] Usually no treatment is needed.[3] It can remain unchanged for years but can resolve spontaneously.[3]

Signs and symptoms

Dermatofibromas[4] are hard solitary slow-growing papules (rounded bumps) that appear in a variety of colours, usually brownish to tan. They are often elevated or pedunculated. A dermatofibroma is associated with the dimple sign; by applying lateral pressure, there is a central depression of the dermatofibroma. Although typical dermatofibromas cause little or no discomfort, itching and tenderness can occur. Dermatofibromas can be found anywhere on the body, but most often they are found on the legs and arms.[5] They occur more often in women; the male to female ratio is about 1:4.[6] The age group in which they most commonly occur is 20 to 45 years.

Some physicians and researchers believe dermatofibromas form as a reaction to previous injuries such as insect bites or thorn pricks.[6] They are composed of disordered collagen laid down by fibroblasts. Dermatofibromas are classed as benign skin lesions, meaning they are completely harmless, though they may be confused with a variety of subcutaneous tumours.[7] Deep penetrating dermatofibromas may be difficult to distinguish, even histologically, from rare malignant fibrohistocytic tumours like dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.[8]

Dermatofibromas typically have a positive buttonhole sign, or central dimpling in the center.[9]

Diagnosis

Immunohistochemical staining
Neoplasm CD34[1] Stromelysin-3[10] Factor XIIIa[6]
Dermatofibroma - + +
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans + - -

See also

References
  1. Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
  2. Freedberg; et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 668. ISBN 978-0-07-138076-8.
  3. James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "28. Dermal and subcutaneous tumors". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 617–618. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6.
  4. "Dermatofibroma | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-04-17.
  5. "dermatofibroma" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  6. Dermatofibroma at eMedicine
  7. Jung, Kyu Dong; Lee, Dong-Youn; Lee, Joo-Heung; Yang, Jun-Mo; Lee, Eil-Soo (2011). "Subcutaneous Dermatofibroma". Annals of Dermatology. 23 (2): 254–7. doi:10.5021/ad.2011.23.2.254. PMC 3130878. PMID 21747634.
  8. Hanly, A. J.; Jordà, M; Elgart, G. W.; Badiavas, E; Nassiri, M; Nadji, M (2006). "High proliferative activity excludes dermatofibroma: Report of the utility of MIB-1 in the differential diagnosis of selected fibrohistiocytic tumors". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 130 (6): 831–4. doi:10.5858/2006-130-831-HPAEDR. PMID 16740036.
  9. Boursicot, Katharine (24 January 2013). Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Specialties. Oxford University Press. p. 249. ISBN 9780199657582.
  10. Kim, H.J.; Lee, J.Y.; Kim, S.H.; Seo, Y.J.; Lee, J.H.; Park, J.K.; Kim, M.H.; Cinn, Y.W.; Cho, K.H.; Yoon, T.Y. (2007). "Stromelysin-3 expression in the differential diagnosis of dermatofibroma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: Comparison with factor XIIIa and CD34". British Journal of Dermatology. 157 (2): 319–24. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08033.x. PMID 17596171. S2CID 7049937.
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