Miglitol

Miglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to break down complex carbohydrates into glucose. It is primarily used in diabetes mellitus type 2 for establishing greater glycemic control by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) into monosaccharides which can be absorbed by the body.[1]

Not to be confused with Meglutol.
Miglitol
Clinical data
Trade namesGlyset
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601079
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
Routes of
administration		By mouth (tablets)
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
BioavailabilityDose-dependent
Protein bindingNegligible (<4.0%)
MetabolismNil
Elimination half-life2 hours
ExcretionRenal (95%)
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • (2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)
    piperidine-3,4,5-triol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.069.670
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC8H17NO5
Molar mass207.226 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Density1.458 g/cm3
Melting point114 °C (237 °F)
SMILES
  • OCCN1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C1)CO
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C8H17NO5/c10-2-1-9-3-6(12)8(14)7(13)5(9)4-11/h5-8,10-14H,1-4H2/t5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1 Y
  • Key:IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N Y
  (verify)

Miglitol, and other structurally-related iminosugars, inhibit glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect.[2] Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a person's diet.

In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.

See also

References
  1. "Migliotl: MedlinePlus Drug Information". MedlinePlus. National Institutes of Health. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  2. "Glyset (miglitol) tablets label - Accessdata FDA" (PDF). Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. August 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2013.


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