Sulfobacillus

Sulfobacillus is a genus of bacteria containing six named species. Members of the genus are Gram-positive, acidophilic, spore-forming bacteria that are moderately thermophilic or thermotolerant. All species are facultative anaerobes capable of oxidizing sulfur-containing compounds; they differ in optimal growth temperature and metabolic capacity, particularly in their ability to grow on various organic carbon compounds.[1][2][3][4]

Sulfobacillus
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Bacillota
Class:
"Sulfobacillia"
Order:
"Sulfobacillales"
Family:
"Sulfobacillaceae"
Genus:
Sulfobacillus

Golovacheva and Karavaiko 1991
Type species
Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans
Golovacheva & Karavaiko 1991
Species

Ecology

Sulfobacillus species are found globally in both natural and artificial acidic environments, such as hot springs, solfatara environments, hydrothermal vents, and in various forms of acid mine drainage. Compared to other bacterial species found in similar acidic environments, Sulfobacillus species are often present at relatively low abundance.[1]

Genome

The genomes of several Sulfobacillus species have been sequenced.[1][2][3] Differences between members include genome size and gene content related to sulfur oxidation pathways.[1]

Taxonomy

Sulfobacillus was first described in 1978, along with the type species, Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans.[5][6] Five additional species have since been described, in at least one case discovered after samples believed to be S. thermosulfidooxidans showed unexpected characteristics.[7][8][9]

The genus is of uncertain taxonomic position. It was originally placed in the Clostridiales. It is likely related to the genus Thermaerobacter and may represent either a deep branch of the Bacillota or a separate phylum.[2][6][10]

Phylogeny
16S rRNA based LTP_01_2022[11][12][13] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 07-RS207[14][15][16]
 
 
 

S. acidophilus Norris et al. 1996

 
 

S. harzensis Zhang et al. 2021

 
 
 
 

S. thermotolerans Bogdanova et al. 2006

 
 
 

S. benefaciens Johnson et al. 2009

 
 
 

S. sibiricus Melamud et al. 2006

 
 

S. thermosulfidooxidans Golovacheva & Karavaiko 1991

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

S. acidophilus

 
 
 

S. thermotolerans

 
 
 

S. benefaciens

 
 

S. thermosulfidooxidans

 
 
 
 

See also

References
  1. Justice, Nicholas B; Norman, Anders; Brown, Christopher T; Singh, Andrea; Thomas, Brian C; Banfield, Jillian F (2014). "Comparison of environmental and isolate Sulfobacillus genomes reveals diverse carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and hydrogen metabolisms". BMC Genomics. 15 (1): 1107. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1107. PMC 4378227. PMID 25511286.
  2. Guo, Xue; Yin, Huaqun; Liang, Yili; Hu, Qi; Zhou, Xishu; Xiao, Yunhua; Ma, Liyuan; Zhang, Xian; Qiu, Guanzhou; Liu, Xueduan; Mormile, Melanie R. (18 June 2014). "Comparative Genome Analysis Reveals Metabolic Versatility and Environmental Adaptations of Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans Strain ST". PLOS ONE. 9 (6): e99417. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...999417G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099417. PMC 4062416. PMID 24940621.
  3. Zhang, Xian; Liu, Xueduan; Liang, Yili; Guo, Xue; Xiao, Yunhua; Ma, Liyuan; Miao, Bo; Liu, Hongwei; Peng, Deliang; Huang, Wenkun; Zhang, Yuguang; Yin, Huaqun; Drake, Harold L. (1 April 2017). "Adaptive Evolution of Extreme Acidophile Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans Potentially Driven by Horizontal Gene Transfer and Gene Loss". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 83 (7). Bibcode:2017ApEnM..83E3098Z. doi:10.1128/AEM.03098-16. PMC 5359484. PMID 28115381.
  4. Dopson, Mark (2016). "Physiological and Phylogenetic Diversity of Acidophilic Bacteria". In Quatrini, Raquel (ed.). Acidophiles : life in extremely acidic environments. Caister Academic Press. pp. 79–91. ISBN 978-1910190340.
  5. Golovacheva, RS; Karavaĭko, GI (1978). "[Sulfobacillus, a new genus of thermophilic sporulating bacteria]". Mikrobiologiia. 47 (5): 815–22. PMID 101742.
  6. "Genus Sulfobacillus". List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  7. Norris, P. R.; Clark, D. A.; Owen, J. P.; Waterhouse, S. (1 April 1996). "Characteristics of Sulfobacillus acidophilus sp. nov. and other moderately thermophilic mineral-sulphide-oxidizing bacteria". Microbiology. 142 (4): 775–783. doi:10.1099/00221287-142-4-775. PMID 8936305.
  8. J.P. Euzéby. "Sulfobacillus". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  9. Sayers; et al. "Sulfobacillus". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  10. Ludwig, Wolfgang; Schleifer, Karl-Heinz; Whitman, William B. "Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes". In Vos, Paul; Garrity, George; Jones, Dorothy; Krieg, Noel R.; Ludwig, Wolfgang; Rainey, Fred A.; Schleifer, Karl-Heinz; Whitman, William B. (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 3: The Firmicutes (2nd ed.). Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-95041-9.
  11. "The LTP". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  12. "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  13. "LTP_01_2022 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  14. "GTDB release 07-RS207". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  15. "bac120_r207.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  16. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
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