1744

1744 (MDCCXLIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1744th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 744th year of the 2nd millennium, the 44th year of the 18th century, and the 5th year of the 1740s decade. As of the start of 1744, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1744 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1744
MDCCXLIV
Ab urbe condita2497
Armenian calendar1193
ԹՎ ՌՃՂԳ
Assyrian calendar6494
Balinese saka calendar1665–1666
Bengali calendar1151
Berber calendar2694
British Regnal year17 Geo. 2  18 Geo. 2
Buddhist calendar2288
Burmese calendar1106
Byzantine calendar7252–7253
Chinese calendar癸亥年 (Water Pig)
4440 or 4380
     to 
甲子年 (Wood Rat)
4441 or 4381
Coptic calendar1460–1461
Discordian calendar2910
Ethiopian calendar1736–1737
Hebrew calendar5504–5505
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1800–1801
 - Shaka Samvat1665–1666
 - Kali Yuga4844–4845
Holocene calendar11744
Igbo calendar744–745
Iranian calendar1122–1123
Islamic calendar1156–1157
Japanese calendarKanpō 4 / Enkyō 1
(延享元年)
Javanese calendar1668–1669
Julian calendarGregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar4077
Minguo calendar168 before ROC
民前168年
Nanakshahi calendar276
Thai solar calendar2286–2287
Tibetan calendar阴水猪年
(female Water-Pig)
1870 or 1489 or 717
     to 
阳木鼠年
(male Wood-Rat)
1871 or 1490 or 718
February 2223: Battle of Toulon

Events

JanuaryMarch

  • January 6 The Royal Navy ship Bacchus engages the Spanish Navy privateer Begona, and sinks it; 90 of the 120 Spanish sailors die, but 30 of the crew are rescued.
  • January 24 The Dagohoy rebellion in the Philippines begins, with the killing of Father Giuseppe Lamberti.
  • February Violent storms frustrate a planned French invasion of Britain.
  • February 2223 Battle of Toulon: The British fleet is defeated by a joint Franco-Spanish fleet.
  • March 1 (approximately) The Great Comet of 1744, one of the brightest ever seen, reaches perihelion.
  • March 13 The British ship Betty capsizes and sinks off of the Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana) near Anomabu. More than 200 people on board die, although there are a few survivors.
  • March 15 France declares war on Great Britain.

AprilJune

  • April The Female Spectator (a monthly) is founded by Eliza Haywood in England, the first periodical written for women by a woman.
  • April 2 The first Rules of golf are drawn up at Leith, for the first golf competition.[1][2]
  • April 27 Siege of Villafranca (1744): A joint French and Spanish force defeats Britain and Sardinia.
  • May 11 Russia's treasury begins an effort to reduce the number of copper five-kopeck pieces (20 of which equal a Russian ruble) by declaring that it will buy them back at a ruble for every 20 until August 1, after which kopecks would be redeemed at a ruble for every 25; then at the rate of 33 for a ruble on October 1, and 50 for a ruble on and after August 28, 1746.[3]
  • May 22 The Union of Germany is proclaimed in Frankfurt Frederick II of Prussia, as articles of union are signed between Prussia, Hesse-Kassel and the Rhineland Palatinate.[4]
  • May 24 After receiving the news from Europe that Great Britain and France are at war, the French Army at Louisbourg attacks the British settlement at Fort William Augustus at Canso, Nova Scotia and forces its surrender.[5]
  • June 13 Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin is named as the new Chancellor of the Russian Empire by the Empress Elizabeth.[6]
  • June 15 Commodore George Anson's voyage around the world concludes after four years as HMS Centurion returns to England at Spithead and Anson is greeted as a hero.[7]
  • June 28 At the age of 15, Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, the future Empress of Russia, is received into the Russian Orthodox Church after converting from the Lutheran faith. Upon her conversion to the Russian Orthodox religion, she is given the name Yekaterina (Catherine). In 1762, she takes the throne as the Empress Catherine II, later known as Catherine the Great.

JulySeptember

OctoberDecember

  • October 4 In one of the greatest disasters for the Royal Navy, HMS Victory sinks in a storm in the English Channel, killing 1,100 sailors and officers it had been bringing back from Gibraltar to England, including Admiral John Balchen.[8] The wreck will be located 264 years later, in January, 2009.[9]
  • October 12 The creator of binomial nomenclature for the identification of plant and animal species, Carl Linnaeus, is selected as president of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science, succeeding the late Anders Celsius, who had devised the centigrade measurement of temperature.[10]
  • October 19 William Shirley, the British colonial Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, announces the declaration of war against the Miꞌkmaq and Maliseet Indian tribes.[11]
  • October 25 The Massachusetts General Court, colonial legislature for the Massachusetts Bay Province, approves an incentive for the killing of enemy Indians, authorizing the payment of 100 Massachusetts pounds for the scalping of a Mi'kmaq or Maliseet Indian, and 50 for the scalps of women or children.[12]
  • October 25 Spanish explorers Antonio de Ulloa and Jorge Juan y Santacilla complete their mission of exploration and depart from the Peruvian seaport of Callao for a return to Spain.[13]
  • November 1 Second Silesian War: The Prussian Army, under the command of Field Marshal Kurt Christoph Graf von Schwerin, begins the bombardment of Prague. The Bohemian capital surrenders after two weeks.[14]
  • December 18 Queen Maria Theresa of Austria issues a proclamation to rid Bohemia of its Jewish residents, with the Jews to leave Prague over the next two weeks, and then to depart from Bohemia entirely in 1745.[15]

Date unknown

  • The third French and Indian War, known as King George's War, breaks out at Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia.
  • Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book, sequel to Tommy Thumb's Song Book, containing the oldest version of many well-known and popular rhymes, is published in London.

Births

Deaths

Blessed Januarius Maria Sarnelli

References

  1. Rules of Golf 1744 Scottish Golf History accessed 10 Feb 2017 http://www.scottishgolfhistory.org/origin-of-golf-terms/rules-of-golf/
  2. Instructions, golf club rules and competitions History of Golf accessed 10 Feb 2017 History of golf
  3. "Banking in the Russian Empire", by Antoine E. Horn, in A History of Banking in All the Leading Nations (Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, 1896) pp342-343
  4. Martin Philippson, The Age of the European Balance of Power, translated by John Henry Wright (Lea Brothers & Company, 1905) p267
  5. "Canso, Battle of (1744)", by John D. Hamilton, in Colonial Wars of North America, 1512-1763: An Encyclopedia, ed. by Alan Gallay (Routledge, 2015) p100
  6. John T. Alexander, Catherine the Great: Life and Legend (Oxford University Press, 1989) pp27-28
  7. "Anson, George", by Joseph A. Devine, Jr., in Historical Dictionary of the British Empire, ed. by James S. Olson and Robert Shadle (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996) p68
  8. Stewart Gordon, A History of the World in Sixteen Shipwrecks (ForeEdge, University Press of New England, 2015) p.140
  9. "Legendary British warship 'found'", BBC News, February 1, 2009
  10. Florence Caddy, Through the Fields with Linnaeus: A Chapter in Swedish History (Little, Brown, and Company, 1886) p159
  11. Frederic J. Baumgartner, Declaring War in Early Modern Europe (Springer, 2011) p149
  12. Geoffrey Plank, An Unsettled Conquest: The British Campaign Against the Peoples of Acadia (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018) p110
  13. Robert Whitaker, The Mapmaker's Wife: A True Tale Of Love, Murder, And Survival In The Amazon (Basic Books, 2004) p197
  14. Peter Demetz, Prague in Black and Gold: Scenes from the Life of a European City (Macmillan, 1998) p243
  15. Selma Stern, The Court Jew - A Contribution to the History of the Period of Absolutism in Central Europe (Read Books, 2011)
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