僧

僧	U+50E7, 僧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50E7

← 僦
[U+50E6]

CJK Unified Ideographs

僨 →
[U+50E8]

僧	U+FA31, 僧 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA31

← 侮
[U+FA30]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

免 →
[U+FA32]

僧	U+2F80A, 僧 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F80A

← 備
[U+2F809]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

像 →
[U+2F80B]

Translingual

Japanese	僧
Simplified	僧
Traditional	僧

Alternative forms

Note difference between Chinese form, which uses 曾, and Japanese shinjitai which uses 曽. Both forms are encoded under the same codepoint due to Han unification.

Etymology

Japanese shinjitai form: Simplified from 僧 (曾 → 曽).

Han character

僧 (radical 9, 人+12 in Chinese, 人+11 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人金田日 (OCWA), four-corner 2826₆, composition ⿰亻曾 (GTKV) or ⿰亻曽 (J))

Related characters

增 (増) 憎

References

KangXi: page 117, character 14

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1076

Dae Jaweon: page 248, character 20

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 222, character 1

Unihan data for U+50E7

Chinese

simp. and trad.		僧

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 僧

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Small seal script**
s05925

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L11518	L11519

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (曾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
潧	*ʔsrɯn
繒	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯŋ
增	ʔsɯːŋ, ʔsɯːŋs
憎	*ʔsɯːŋ
磳	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯŋ
曾	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯːŋ
矰	*ʔsɯːŋ
罾	*ʔsɯːŋ
熷	*ʔsɯːŋ
竲	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯŋ
橧	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯŋ
譄	*ʔsɯːŋ
蹭	*sʰɯːŋs
層	*zɯːŋ
贈	*zɯːŋs
僧	*sɯːŋ
鬙	*sɯːŋ
甑	*ʔsɯŋs
鄫	*zɯŋ
驓	*zɯŋ
嶒	*zɯŋ
噌	*sʰɯːŋ
鏳	*zrɯːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sɯːŋ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 曾 (OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ) – a kind of person (a Buddhist monk).

Etymology

Clipping of 僧伽 (MC səŋ ɡɨɑ, “sangha; community of monks, nuns, novices and laity”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sēng (seng¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zang¹, sang¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sên
Min Dong (BUC): cĕng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chng / cheng / sng / seng

(Teochew, Peng'im): zêng¹
Wu (Wiktionary): sen (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: sēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄥ
  - Wade–Giles: sêng¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: seng
  - IPA ^(key): /sɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zang¹, sang¹
  - Yale: jāng, sāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzang¹, sang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zeng¹, seng¹
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/, /sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên
  - Hakka Romanization System: sen´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sen¹
  - IPA: /sen²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cĕng
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chng
  - Tâi-lô: tsng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
  - Tâi-lô: tsing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
  - Tâi-lô: sng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
  - Tâi-lô: sing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

chng, cheng - vernacular;
sng, seng - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: sen (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /səɲ⁵³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 僧
Mandarin	Beijing	/səŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡səŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/səŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/səŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/səŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/səŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/səŋ²¹/
	Xining	/sə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/səŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/sə̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/sɤŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/sən⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/sən⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/sen⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/sə̃⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/sən³¹/
	Hefei	/sən²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/səŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/səŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/səŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/sən⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/sen³³/
	Wenzhou	/saŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/sʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/sɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sən³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɛn⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/sen⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/sen²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɐŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/siŋ⁵⁵/ /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/ 俗
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡sɛiŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡saiŋ⁴⁴/ /saiŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡seŋ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/t͡sɔŋ³³/ /t͡seŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: /səŋ/▼

Rime
Character	僧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蘇增切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/səŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/səŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/səŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/səŋ/
Li Rong	/səŋ/
Wang Li	/səŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/səŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sēng

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*sɯːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	僧
Reading #	1/1
No.	16628
Phonetic component	曾
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	僧
Old Chinese	/*sɯːŋ/
Notes	梵譯僧伽saṁɡha省稱

Definitions

僧

(Buddhism) monk; bonze
A surname.

Compounds

不僧不俗
僧人 (sēngrén)
僧伽 (sēngqié)
僧伽藍／僧伽蓝
僧侶／僧侣 (sēnglǚ)
僧侶主義／僧侣主义
僧俗
僧塔 (sēngtǎ)
僧多粥少 (sēngduōzhōushǎo)
僧官
僧尼 (sēngní)
僧徒 (sēngtú)
僧房
僧殘／僧残
僧眾／僧众
僧祇 (sēngqí)

僧祐
僧綱／僧纲
僧肇
僧行
僧衣
僧道
僧院
僧鞋
削髮為僧／削发为僧
和合僧
奉道齋僧／奉道斋僧
女僧
密陀僧 (mìtuósēng)
小僧 (xiǎosēng)
尼僧 (nísēng)
情僧錄／情僧录

替僧
火宅僧
知事僧
粥少僧多
粥飯僧／粥饭僧
老僧 (lǎosēng)
老僧入定
聖僧／圣僧
行腳僧／行脚僧
衲僧
貧僧／贫僧 (pínsēng)
門僧／门僧
雲水僧／云水僧
高僧 (gāosēng)
齋僧／斋僧

Japanese

Kanji

僧

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 僧)

Readings

Go-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
Kun: ぼうず (bōzu)

Compounds

仏 (ぶっ)法 (ぽう)僧 (そう) (buppōsō)
僧 (そう)伽 (ぎゃ) (sōgya)
僧 (そう)位 (い) (sōi)
僧 (そう)侶 (りょ) (sōryo)
僧 (そう)兵 (へい) (sōhei)
僧 (そう)号 (ごう) (sōgō)
僧 (そう)坊 (ぼう), 僧 (そう)房 (ぼう) (sōbō)
僧 (そう)堂 (どう) (sōdō)
僧 (そう)家 (か) (sōka)
僧 (そう)寺 (じ) (sōji)
僧 (そう)尼 (に) (sōni)
僧 (そう)帽 (ぼう)弁 (べん) (sōbōben)
僧 (そう)庵 (あん) (sōan)
僧 (そう)形 (ぎょう) (sōgyō)
僧 (そう)正 (じょう) (sōjō)
僧 (そう)綱 (ごう) (sōgō)
僧 (そう)衣 (い) (sōi)
僧 (そう)都 (ず) (sōzu)
僧 (そう)門 (もん) (sōmon)
僧 (そう)院 (いん) (sōin)
僧俗 (そうぞく) (sōzoku)
僧服 (そうふく) (sōfuku)
僧籍 (そうせき) (sōseki)
僧職 (そうしょく) (sōshoku)
売 (まい)僧 (す) (maisu)
学僧 (がくそう) (gakusō)
小 (こ)僧 (ぞう) (kozō)
尼 (に)僧 (そう) (nisō)
禅 (ぜん)僧 (そう) (zensō)
高 (こう)僧 (そう) (kōsō)

Noun

僧 (hiragana そう, rōmaji sō)

a (Buddhist) priest, bonze

Korean

Hanja

僧 • (seung) (hangeul 승, McCune–Reischauer sŭng)

a (Buddhist) priest, bonze

Vietnamese

Han character

僧 (tăng)

a (Buddhist) priest, bonze

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