免
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Translingual
Japanese | 免 |
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Simplified | 免 |
Traditional | 免 |
Alternative forms
A variant form with 刀 rather than ⺈ on top exists.
There is another variant, in which the left handed stroke ㇓ is written as two separate components. This variant is adopted by Japanese shinjitai.
Han character
免 (radical 10, 儿+5 in Chinese, 儿+6 in Japanese, 7 strokes in Chinese, 8 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓日竹山 (NAHU), four-corner 27416, composition ⿱⺈⿸⿻口丿乚(GHTK) or ⿳⺈𫩏儿(JV) or ⿱刀⿸⿻口丿乚(U+FA32))
References
- KangXi: page 124, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1358
- Dae Jaweon: page 264, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 270, character 9
- Unihan data for U+514D
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
免 |
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Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 免 | |||||||||||
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References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Characters in the same phonetic series (免) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
免 | *mronʔ |
娩 | *mronʔ, *mronʔ, *m̥ʰons, *monʔ, *mons, *muns |
勉 | *mronʔ |
俛 | *mronʔ |
鮸 | *mronʔ |
冕 | *mronʔ |
絻 | *mronʔ, *moːn, *muns |
婏 | *m̥ʰos |
浼 | *muːlʔ |
鞔 | *moːn |
悗 | *moːn |
嬎 | *m̥ʰons |
晚 | *monʔ |
挽 | *monʔ |
輓 | *monʔ, *mons |
脕 | *monʔ, *mons, *muns |
莬 | *muns |
Pictogram (象形) – a man in a hat. Borrowed for abstract meanings. The derivative 冕 (OC *mronʔ) refers to the original word.
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
免
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 不用 (“need not”) [map] | ||
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Variety | Location | Words |
Classical Chinese | 不必, 無須, 毋庸 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 不必, 毋須, 無須, 無須乎 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 甭, 不用, 甭用 |
Taiwan | 不用 | |
Shenyang | 甭 | |
Jinan | 甭 | |
Xi'an | 不用 | |
Wuhan | 不消, 用不著 | |
Chengdu | 不消 | |
Kunming | 不用 | |
Yangzhou | 用不著 | |
Hefei | 不用 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 唔使 |
Hong Kong | 唔使 | |
Taishan | 唔使 | |
Dongguan | 唔使 | |
Yangjiang | 無使, 使乜 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 不消, 用不著 |
Hakka | Meixian | 毋使 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 毋使 | |
Liudui (S. Sixian) | 毋使 | |
Hsinchu (Hailu) | 毋使 | |
Dongshi (Dabu) | 毋使 | |
Hsinchu (Raoping) | 毋使 | |
Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 毋使 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 不用 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 伓讓 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 伓使 |
Matsu | 伓使 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 毋免, 免, 毋使 |
Quanzhou | 毋免, 免 | |
Zhangzhou | 毋免, 免, 毋使 | |
Taipei | 毋免, 免 | |
Kaohsiung | 毋免, 免 | |
Penang | 毋免, 免 | |
Chaozhou | 免用, 免 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 勿要 |
Suzhou | 用勿著 | |
Wenzhou | 覅用, 否用 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 不消 |
Shuangfeng | 不消, 不要 |
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
Compounds
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