冢

See also: 塚, 家, and 冡
冢 U+51A2, 冢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51A2
← 冡
[U+51A1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 冣 →
[U+51A3]

Translingual

Han character

冢 (radical 14, 冖+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月一尸人 (BMSO) or X月一尸人 (XBMSO), four-corner 37232, composition ⿱冖豖)

Derived characters
  • 塚, 𡻑, 𣹞, 𬥥

References
  • KangXi: page 130, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1585
  • Dae Jaweon: page 293, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 304, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+51A2

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 冢
variant forms 塚／冢

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (豖) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
冢 *toŋʔ
塚 *toŋʔ
涿 *rtoːɡ
琢 *rtoːɡ
啄 *rtoːɡ, *toːɡ
諑 *rtoːɡ
剢 *toːɡ
瘃 *toɡ
豖 *tʰoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *toŋʔ) : semantic 勹 (“wrap”) + phonetic 豖 (OC *tʰoɡ) – wrapped in a burial shroud. Top component now simplified to 冖.

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 冢
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 知隴切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈɨoŋX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈioŋX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶioŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈuawŋX/
Li
Rong		 /ȶioŋX/
Wang
Li		 /ȶĭwoŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȶi̯woŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhǒng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 冢
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhǒng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ trjowngX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[t]roŋʔ/ (or *[t]<r>oŋʔ ?)
English tomb mound

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冢
Reading # 1/1
No. 1616
Phonetic
component		 豖
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 冢
Old
Chinese		 /*toŋʔ/

Definitions

冢

  1. mausoleum
    項羽燒秦宮室，掘始皇帝冢。 [MSC, trad.]
    项羽烧秦宫室，掘始皇帝冢。 [MSC, simp.]
    From: Records of the Grand Historian, Annals of Gaozu 史記 · 卷八 · 高祖本紀
    Xiàng Yǔ shāo Qín gōngshì, jué Shǐhuángdì zhǒng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this example)
  2. tomb, burial mound ⇒ 塚
    一去紫臺連朔漠，獨留青冢向黃昏。 [MSC, trad.]
    一去紫台连朔漠，独留青冢向黄昏。 [MSC, simp.]
    From: Poem by Du Fu, 杜甫 · 詠懷古跡五首 · 其三
    Yī qù zǐtái lián shuòmò, dú liú qīngzhǒng xiàng huánghūn. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this example)
  3. † mountain summit
    百川沸騰，山冢崒崩。高岸為谷，深谷為陵。 [MSC, trad.]
    百川沸腾，山冢崒崩。高岸为谷，深谷为陵。 [MSC, simp.]
    From: Classic of Poetry, Lesser Court Hymns 詩經 · 小雅 · 十月之交
    Bǎi chuān fèiténg, shān zhǒng 崒bēng. Gāo'àn wèi gǔ, shēngǔ wèi líng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this example)
  4. (prefix) eldest, senior in rank

Compounds
  • 汲冢古文
  • 發冢／发冢
  • 石冢 (shízhǒng)
  • 筆冢／笔冢
  • 衣冠冢 (yīguānzhǒng)
  • 青冢
  • 香冢

Japanese

Kanji
冢

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings
  • On (unclassified): ちょう (chō); ちゅ (chu)
  • Kun: つか (tsuka); おか (oka); やしろ (yashiro)

Korean

Hanja

冢 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

冢 (trủng, trổng, trũng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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