U+59BB, 妻
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59BB

[U+59BA]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+59BC]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 38, +5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十中女 (JLV), four-corner 50404, composition ⿱⿻)

References

  • KangXi: page 257, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6140
  • Dae Jaweon: page 522, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1036, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+59BB

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*sʰiːl, *sʰiːls
*sʰiːl
*sʰiːl
*sʰiːl
*sʰiːl
*sʰiːl
*sʰiːl, *sʰil
*sʰiːl, *sʰiːlʔ
*sʰiːl
*siːl

Ideogrammic compound (會意) :  (hand) +  (woman) ― a man grabbing a woman's hair to show ownership (marriage by capture).

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • chhe - literary;
  • chhoe - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (14)
Final () (39)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰei/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰei/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰɛi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰɛj/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰei/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰiei/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰiei/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ tshej ›
Old
Chinese
/*[tsʰ]ˁəj/
English consort, wife

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 9913
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰiːl/

Definitions

  1. wife
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 妻子 (“wife”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese , 妻兒, 內人, 夫人, 娘子
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 妻子, 夫人, 太太, 妻室, 妻房
Mandarin Beijing 女人, 媳婦兒
Taiwan 太太, 老婆, 牽手
Tianjin 屋裡的, 家裡的, 娘們兒
Harbin 老婆, 媳婦兒, 屋裡的, 屋裡人兒, 老娘們兒
Shenyang 老婆, 家裡的
Hailar 媳婦兒, 老娘們兒
Ulanhot 媳婦兒, 老娘們兒
Tongliao 媳婦兒, 老娘們兒
Chifeng 老娘們兒
Bayanhot 老婆, 屋裡的
Jinan 老婆, 媳婦, 女的, 家裡, 家裡的
Muping 老婆, 媳婦, 家裡兒的
Luoyang 女人, 媳婦兒, 屋裡的, 家裡
Wanrong 老婆, 媳婦
Xi'an 女人, 媳婦兒, 老婆, 婆娘, 屋裡人, 屋裡家
Qingdao 老婆子
Zhengzhou 媳婦
Xining 媳婦, 婆娘, 家裡的
Xuzhou 女的, 家下, 家來的, 家裡人, 媳婦兒
Yinchuan 婆姨, 媳婦, 女人
Lanzhou 女人, 媳婦, 屋裡的, 家裡的
Ürümqi 女人, 媳婦兒, 央格子
Wuhan 女的, 女將, 屋裡 dated, 屋裡的 dated, 屋裡人 dated, 家務 dated, 堂客 dated
Huanggang 屋裡人, 屋裡, 堂客
Chengdu 女的, 女人, 老娘兒, 婆娘
Guiyang 女的, 女人, 婆娘, 屋頭人
Guilin 老婆
Liuzhou 老婆, 婆娘 dated
Kunming 婆娘, 老婆, 媳婦, 女人, 家首
Yangzhou 老婆, 媽媽, 堂客, 女眷
Nanjing 女的, 女人, 老婆, 媽媽
Hefei 老婆, 奶奶們
Nantong 堂客, 女將, 奶奶, 老婆
Cantonese Guangzhou 老婆, 女人
Hong Kong 老婆, 女人
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 老婆
Foshan 老婆
Shunde 老婆
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 老婆
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 老婆
Taishan 老婆
Kaiping (Chikan) 老婆
Dongguan 老婆
Shaoguan 老婆
Yunfu 老婆
Yangjiang 老婆, 家下
Xinyi 老婆
Lianjiang 老婆
Nanning 老婆
Wuzhou 老婆, 燒火婆
Yulin 老婆, 婦娘
Hepu 老婆
Danzhou 老婆
Kuala Lumpur 老婆
Gan Nanchang 老婆, 女客
Lichuan 老婆, 女客
Pingxiang 婆娘, 老婆
Hakka Meixian 老婆
Xingning 老婆
Huidong (Daling) 老婆
Qujiang 老婆
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 婆娜
Luchuan 老婆
Changting 老婆
Pingyu 老婆, 餔娘
Wuping 老婆
Liancheng 婦娘
Ninghua 老婆
Yudu 老婆, 婦娘
Ruijin 老婆, 婦娘
Shicheng 老婆
Shangyou 老婆
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 餔娘, 老姐
Liudui (S. Sixian) 姐仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) 餔娘, 老姐
Dongshi (Dabu) 餔娘, 老姐
Hsinchu (Raoping) 餔娘, 老姐
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 夫娘
Hong Kong 老婆
Sabah 老婆
Senai 老婆
Singkawang 老婆, 番婆
Huizhou Jixi 老嫗
Shexian 老婆, 堂客
Tunxi 老婆
Xiuning 老婆
Yixian 老婆
Qimen 婦兒家
Wuyuan 老婆
Fuliang 老婆, 婦人個
Dexing 老婆
Jingde 屋裡
Xianyu (formerly Zhanda) 老婆
Jin Taiyuan 老婆, 家裡的, 女人, 婆姨
Pingyao 老婆, 媳婦, 婆姨
Xinzhou 女人, 老婆, 婆姨
Baochang 老婆
Jining 老婆, 媳婦
Hohhot 女人
Baotou 老婆, 媳婦
Dongsheng 老婆
Linhe 老婆, 女人
Haibowan 老婆
Min Bei Jian'ou 老媽
Dikou 老媽
Songxi 老媽
Zhenghe 老媽
Zhenqian 老媽
Jianyang 老媽
Wuyishan 老媽
Shibei 老媽
Min Dong Fuzhou 老媽, 諸娘儂, 厝裡, 𡚸
Changle 老媽, 厝裡
Fuqing 老媽, 𡚸, 厝裡
Pingtan 老媽
Yongtai 老媽
Gutian 老媽
Fu'an 老媽
Ningde 老媽
Shouning 老媽
Zhouning 老媽
Fuding 老媽
Matsu 老媽
Min Nan Xiamen , 牽手, 牽手的, 查某人, 厝內, 厝內人, 家內, 家內人, 家後, 內人, 內助, 婦人人, 柴耙, 老柴杮, 老柴㷮
Quanzhou , 牽手, 牽手的, 查某人, 厝內, 家內, 家內人, 家後, 內人, 內助, 婦人人
Zhangzhou , 牽手, 牽手的, 查某人, 厝內, 厝內人, 家內, 家內人, 家後, 內人, 內助, 婦人人, 內頭, 㾀菜籃
Taipei 太太, , 牽手
Kaohsiung 太太, , 查某人, 柴耙, 牽手, 牽的, 煮飯的
Tainan 太太, , 查某人, 柴耙, 牽手, 牽的, 煮飯的
Taichung , 家後, 牽手
Wuqi
Hsinchu , 家後, 查某人, 煮飯的, 柴耙
Taitung
Lukang , 查某人, 柴耙, 牽手, 煮飯的
Sanxia 太太, 阮厝的查某人, 阿貼的, 後柴耙,
Yilan 太太, , 查某人, 家後, 柴耙, 牽手, 牽的, 煮飯的
Kinmen , 家內, 太的
Magong , 牽手, 查某人, 姿娘, 夫人, 家內, 柴耙
Penang , 查某人, 家後
Singapore , 厝內, 厝內人
Philippines (Manila) , 牽手, 牽手的
Chaozhou 𡚸
Shantou 𡚸
Haifeng 𡚸, 㜁𡚸
Johor Bahru 𡚸
Wenchang 老婆
Haikou 老婆, 妰娝 dated
Leizhou 老婆,
Puxian Min Putian 老媽
Xianyou 老媽
Pinghua Nanning 老婆, 女人
Guilin 老婆
Wu Shanghai 老婆, 太太, 妻子, 夫人, 內人, 女人, 家主婆, 屋裡個, 屋裡
Suzhou 女人, 家小, 家主婆, 家婆, 屋裡, 老婆
Wuxi 老婆, 女人, 家主婆, 屋裡人
Hangzhou 老婆, 老娘, 女人, 女的, 屋裡, 屋裡廂
Wenzhou 老安, 老安人, 老人兒, 老人客, 老人, 屋裡
Chongming 女個, 屋裡, 女客, 女人
Danyang 女個, 老媽, 家裡
Jinhua 老婆, 窩裡
Tangxi 老媽
Ningbo 老婆, 老𡢿, 女人, 屋裡人 dated
Xiang Changsha 堂客, 內當家, 婆婆子
Shuangfeng 堂客, 老婆
Xiangtan 堂客
Loudi 堂客, 婆娘, 老婆, 屋裡個, 他㑲娘
Quanzhou 老婆

Compounds

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (14)
Final () (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰeiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰeiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰɛjH/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰeiH/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ tshejH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[tsʰ]ˁəj-s/
English give as wife

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 9923
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰiːls/

Definitions

  1. to give a wife to; to give as a wife; to become married to a man
  2. to marry a woman

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. spouse

Readings

  • Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: せい (sei)
  • Kun: つま (tsuma, , Jōyō); めあわせる (meawaseru, 妻せる)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
つま
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

From (tsuma, side, edge), indicating the person who is at the side of someone: a spouse.[1] Compare the English expression better half.

This term originally referred to either a male (husband) or female (wife) spouse. In modern usage, this term refers only to a female spouse.[1]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

(hiragana つま, rōmaji tsuma)

  1. (archaic) a spouse
  2. (humble, only refers to one's own) a wife (married woman)
    • 1999 February 15 [Jun 20 1983], Tezuka, Osamu, “第8話 未知への挑戦 [Chapter 8: Challenge of the Third Kind]”, in ブラック・ジャック [Black Jack], volume 18 (fiction), 8th edition, Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 176:
      先生………………私のは美しいでしょう?
      ああ!すばらしい美人ですよ!
      でしょう?なにしろ昨年のミス・イウレガだったのですから
      Sensei……………… Watashi no tsuma wa utsukushii deshō?
      Ā! Subarashii bijin desu yo!
      Deshō? Nani shiro sakunen no Misu Iurega datta no desu kara
      Doctor……………… Do you think my wife is beautiful?
      Sure! She’s a gorgeous lady!
      I know, right? She was last year’s Miss Iurega after all
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
つま
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

By extension from the at the side sense.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana つま, rōmaji tsuma)

  1. a side dish
  2. a tangent, a digression, something to the side of the main thing

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
さい
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC t͡sʰei, t͡sʰeiH, “wife”).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana さい, rōmaji sai)

  1. my wife
    • Isikawa Takuboku, Romazi Nikki
      Yo wa Sai wo aisiteru; aisiteru kara koso kono Nikki wo yomase taku nai no da.
      I love my Wife; it is precisely because I love her that I do not want her to read this Diary.
Usage notes
  • Used chiefly in written texts such as letters.

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(cheo) (hangeul , revised cheo, McCuneReischauer ch'ŏ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(thê, thế)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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