慣

See also: 惯

慣	U+6163, 慣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6163

← 慢
[U+6162]

CJK Unified Ideographs

慤 →
[U+6164]

Translingual

Han character

慣 (radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心田十金 (PWJC), four-corner 9708₆, composition ⿰忄貫)

Descendants

惯

References

KangXi: page 399, character 13

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11111

Dae Jaweon: page 739, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2349, character 1

Unihan data for U+6163

Chinese

trad.		慣
simp.		惯

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (毌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
毌	koːn, koːns
貫	koːn, koːns
樌	*koːns
鏆	*koːns
遦	*koːns
慣	*kroːns
摜	*kroːns
瑻	*kuːn
謴	*kuːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kroːns) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 貫 (OC *koːn, *koːns) – habit is what one does by heart.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guàn (guan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): koan
Min Bei (KCR): gu̿ing
Min Dong (BUC): gáing / guáng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): koàn / koàiⁿ / kùiⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): guang³ / guêng³ / guin³
Wu (Wiktionary): kue (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: guàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: kuan⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guann
  - IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwaan³
  - Yale: gwaan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan³
  - Guangdong Romanization: guan³
  - IPA ^(key): /kʷäːn³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koan
  - Hakka Romanization System: guan
  - Hagfa Pinyim: guan⁴
  - IPA: /ku̯an⁵⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gu̿ing
  - IPA ^(key): /kuiŋ³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gáing / guáng
  - IPA ^(key): /kaiŋ²¹³/, /kuɑŋ²¹³/

Note:

gáing - vernacular (“accustomed”);
guáng - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàn
  - Tâi-lô: kuàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koaxn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kuan²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuan¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kuàinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvoaix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /kuãi²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuãi¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kùiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kuìnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvuix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kuĩ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuĩ⁴¹/

Note:

koàn - literary;
kòaiⁿ/kùiⁿ - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: guang³ / guêng³ / guin³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuàng / kuèng / kùiⁿ
  - IPA ^(key): /kuaŋ²¹³/, /kueŋ²¹³/, /kũĩ²¹³/

Note:

guang3 - Shantou;
guêng3 - Chaozhou;
guin3 - dialectal usage (in 慣性).

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: kue (T2)
  - IPA ^(key): /kɯe̞³⁴/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 慣
Mandarin	Beijing	/kuan⁵¹/
	Harbin	/kaun⁵³/
	Tianjin	/kuan⁵³/
	Jinan	/kuã²¹/
	Qingdao	/kuã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/kuan³¹²/
	Xi'an	/kuã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/kuã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/kuan¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kuɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kuan²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kuan³⁵/
	Chengdu	/kuan¹³/
	Guiyang	/kuan²¹³/
	Kunming	/kuã̠²¹²/
	Nanjing	/kuaŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/kʊ̃⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kuæ̃⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/kuɑŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/kuæ̃⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/kue³⁵/
	Suzhou	/kue̞⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/kuõ⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ka⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/kuɛ³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/kuːə⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/kuan⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kuan⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/kuan⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kuan⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kuɑn⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kwan³³/
	Nanning	/kʷɛn³³/
	Hong Kong	/kwan³³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kuan²¹/ /kuãi²¹/ /kuĩ²¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kuɑŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kuiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kuaŋ²¹³/ /kũi²¹³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kuaŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kˠuan^H/▼

Rime
Character	慣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古患切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuan^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚan^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨn^H/
Li Rong	/kuan^H/
Wang Li	/kwan^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwan^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guàn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤro[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kroːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæn^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁro[n]-s/
English	accustomed to
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慣
Reading #	1/1
No.	4471
Phonetic component	毌
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	慣
Old Chinese	/*kroːns/
Notes	爾雅作貫，貫轉註字

Definitions

慣

Compounds

不慣／不惯 (bùguàn)
久慣牢成／久惯牢成
久慣老成／久惯老成
司空見慣／司空见惯 (sīkōngjiànguàn)
國際慣例／国际惯例
嬌慣／娇惯 (jiāoguàn)
嬌生慣養／娇生惯养 (jiāoshēngguànyǎng)
慣一／惯一
慣例／惯例 (guànlì)
慣匪／惯匪
慣壞／惯坏 (guànhuài)
慣家／惯家
慣常／惯常 (guàncháng)
慣性／惯性 (guànxìng)
慣性定律／惯性定律
慣性導航／惯性导航

慣慣／惯惯
慣手／惯手
慣技／惯技
慣熟／惯熟
慣犯／惯犯 (guànfàn)
慣用／惯用 (guànyòng)
慣用語／惯用语 (guànyòngyǔ)
慣甲／惯甲
慣竊／惯窃 (guànqiè)
慣縱／惯纵
慣習／惯习 (guànxí)
慣落／惯落
慣行犯／惯行犯
慣賊／惯贼
慣養嬌生／惯养娇生
打破慣例／打破惯例

熟慣／熟惯
牢成久慣／牢成久惯
生活習慣／生活习惯
看不慣／看不惯 (kànbùguàn)
看慣／看惯
瞧不慣／瞧不惯
習慣／习惯 (xíguàn)
習慣性／习惯性
習慣法／习惯法 (xíguànfǎ)
老習慣／老习惯
能言慣道／能言惯道
能說慣道／能说惯道
見慣不驚／见惯不惊
見慣司空／见惯司空
風俗習慣／风俗习惯 (fēngsú xíguàn)

Japanese

Kanji

慣

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

accustomed

Readings

Go-on: けん (ken)
Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
Kun: なれる (nareru, 慣れる, Jōyō); ならす (narasu, 慣らす, Jōyō); ならわし (narawashi, 慣)

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

慣 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

慣 (quen, quán)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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