鍊

See also: 錬
鍊 U+934A, 鍊
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-934A
← 鍉
[U+9349] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鍋 →
[U+934B]

Translingual
Traditional 鍊
Shinjitai 錬
Simplified 炼

Han character

鍊 (radical 167, 金+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 金木田火 (CDWF), four-corner 85196, composition ⿰金柬)

References
  • KangXi: page 1313, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40602
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1814, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4228, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+934A

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 鍊
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蘭 *ɡ·raːn
攔 *ɡ·raːn
欄 *ɡ·raːn
瀾 *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns
讕 *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌 *ɡ·raːn
韊 *ɡ·raːn
幱 *ɡ·raːn
籣 *ɡ·raːn
躝 *ɡ·raːn
爛 *ɡ·raːns
爤 *ɡ·raːns
鑭 *ɡ·raːns
糷 *ɡ·raːns
斕 *ɡ·reːn
揀 *kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns
柬 *kreːnʔ
暕 *kreːnʔ
諫 *kraːns
練 *ɡ·reːns
鍊 *ɡ·reːns
煉 *ɡ·reːns
楝 *ɡ·reːns
萰 *ɡ·reːns
堜 *ɡ·reːns
湅 *ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·reːns) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).

Etymology 1
trad. 鍊
simp. 炼*
variant forms 煉／炼 for figurative meanings

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 鍊
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 郎甸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lenH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lenH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /lɛnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lɛnH/
Li
Rong		 /lenH/
Wang
Li		 /lienH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /lienH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 liàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鍊
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 liàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ lenH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[r]ˁen-s/
English refine (metal)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鍊
Reading # 1/1
No. 6142
Phonetic
component		 柬
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 練
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡ·reːns/

Definitions

鍊

  1. to smelt; to refine
  2. (figuratively) to measure (one's words); to polish (one's wording)
  3. (figuratively) to temper; to steel; to cultivate
  4. A surname​.

Compounds
  • 細鍊／细炼
  • 肘手鍊足／肘手炼足
  • 錘鍊／锤炼
  • 鍊丹／炼丹
  • 鍊冶／炼冶
  • 鍊句／炼句
  • 鍊子／炼子
  • 鍊字／炼字
  • 鍊師／炼师
  • 鍊度／炼度
  • 鍊形／炼形
  • 鍊氣／炼气
  • 鍊氣士／炼气士
  • 鍊石補天／炼石补天
  • 鍊貧／炼贫
  • 鍊金／炼金
  • 鍊金術／炼金术 (liànjīnshù)
  • 鍛鍊／锻炼 (duànliàn)
  • 鐵鍊／铁炼
  • 闖鍊／闯炼
  • 陳鍊／陈炼
  • 項鍊／项炼

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 鍊 – see 鏈 (“chain”).
(This character, 鍊, is a variant form of 鏈.)

Japanese

Shinjitai

 錬

Kyūjitai

 鍊

Kanji
鍊

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 錬)

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Readings
  • On (unclassified): れん (ren)
  • Kun: ねる (neru, 鍊る)

Korean

Hanja

鍊 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연, revised ryeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn>yŏn, Yale lyen>yen)

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Vietnamese

Han character

鍊: Hán Nôm readings: luyện, rèn, rén

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