蘭

See also: 兰
蘭 U+862D, 蘭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-862D
← 蘬
[U+862C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 蘮 →
[U+862E]

Translingual

Han character

蘭 (radical 140, 艸+17, 23 strokes, cangjie input 廿日弓田 (TANW), four-corner 44227, composition ⿱艹闌 or 艹䦨)

Derived characters
  • 𡔔, 𢆄, 𨏼

References
  • KangXi: page 1070, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32477
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1536, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3333, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+862D

Chinese
trad. 蘭
simp. 兰*

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 蘭
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蘭 *ɡ·raːn
攔 *ɡ·raːn
欄 *ɡ·raːn
瀾 *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns
讕 *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌 *ɡ·raːn
韊 *ɡ·raːn
幱 *ɡ·raːn
籣 *ɡ·raːn
躝 *ɡ·raːn
爛 *ɡ·raːns
爤 *ɡ·raːns
鑭 *ɡ·raːns
糷 *ɡ·raːns
斕 *ɡ·reːn
揀 *kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns
柬 *kreːnʔ
暕 *kreːnʔ
諫 *kraːns
練 *ɡ·reːns
鍊 *ɡ·reːns
煉 *ɡ·reːns
楝 *ɡ·reːns
萰 *ɡ·reːns
堜 *ɡ·reːns
湅 *ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·raːn) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn).

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 蘭
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 落干切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lɑn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lɑn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /lɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lan/
Li
Rong		 /lɑn/
Wang
Li		 /lɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /lɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lán
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 蘭
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 lán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ lan ›
Old
Chinese		 /*k.rˁan/
English orchid

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蘭
Reading # 1/1
No. 6119
Phonetic
component		 柬
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 蘭
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡ·raːn/

Definitions

蘭

  1. orchid
  2. elegant; graceful
  3. Short for 蘭州／兰州 (Lánzhōu, “Lanzhou”).
  4. A surname​.

Compounds
Derived terms from 蘭

Japanese

Kanji
蘭

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. Eupatorium fortunei
  2. orchid
  3. aromatic, fragrant
  4. government office that handles documents
  5. kanji used to transliterate borrowings from foreign languages, especially Buddhist terms from Sanskrit
  6. Short for 阿蘭陀, 和蘭, 和蘭陀 (Oranda): Holland, the Netherlands

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
蘭
らん
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 蘭 (MC lɑn).

Compare modern Mandarin 蘭 (lán).

Pronunciation

Noun

蘭 (hiragana らん, katakana ラン, rōmaji ran)

  1. an orchid
  2. a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), featuring designs of orchid flowers and/or leaves
  3. (archaic) Synonym of 藤袴 (fujibakama): Eupatorium fortunei, a type of flower of the family Asteraceae
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • ラン科 (か) (Ran-ka)
  • 蘭葉 (ランヨウ)葵 (アオイ) (ran'yōaoi)
  • 柿蘭 (カキラン) (kakiran)
  • 鴎 (カモメ)蘭 (ラン) (kamomeran)
  • 君 (クン)子 (シ)蘭 (ラン) (kunshiran)
  • 沢蘭 (サワラン) (sawaran)
  • 紫 (シ)蘭 (ラン) (shiran)
  • 鈴蘭 (スズラン) (suzuran)
  • 葉 (ハ)蘭 (ラン) (haran)
  • 藪蘭 (ヤブラン) (yaburan)
  • 竜 (リュウ)舌 (ゼツ)蘭 (ラン) (ryūzetsuran)

Proper noun

蘭 (hiragana らん, rōmaji Ran)

  1. Short for 阿蘭陀, 和蘭, 和蘭陀 (Oranda): Holland, the Netherlands, Dutch
  2. a female given name
  3. a surname
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 蘭 (らん)医 (い) (ran'i)
  • 蘭学 (らんがく) (rangaku)
  • 蘭 (らん)語 (ご) (Ran-go)
  • 蘭 (らん)書 (しょ) (ransho)
  • 蘭 (らん)方 (ぽう) (ranpō)
  • 蘭 (らん)領 (りょう) (ranryō)
  • 英 (えい)蘭 (らん) (Ei-Ran)
  • 日蘭 (にちらん) (Nichi-Ran)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
蘭
らに
Jinmeiyō
Irregular

/ran/ → /rani/

Shift from ran above.

Compare 縁 (en → eni, “destiny, fate”) and 銭 (zen → zeni, “coin”), with similar shifts.

Noun

蘭 (hiragana らに, rōmaji rani)

  1. (archaic) Synonym of 藤袴 (fujibakama): Eupatorium fortunei, a type of flower of the family Asteraceae

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
蘭
あららぎ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).

Pronunciation

Noun

蘭 (hiragana あららぎ, katakana アララギ, rōmaji araragi)

  1. Synonym of 一位 (ichii): Taxus cuspidata, the Japanese yew
  2. (archaic) Synonym of 野蒜 (nobiru): Allium macrostemon, a species of wild onion
    • 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 4, page 68:[2]
      蘭蒚 養生秘要云、蘭蒚草、蒚音隔、和名阿良々歧
Derived terms

Proper noun

蘭 (hiragana あららぎ, rōmaji Araragi)

  1. a surname

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

蘭 • (ran, nan) (hangeul 란, 난, revised ran, nan, McCune–Reischauer ran, nan, Yale lan, nan)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

蘭 (lan, lơn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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