< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kewh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*kewh₂- [1][2]

  1. to hit, to strike
  2. to forge
  3. (onomatopoeic) to caw, to cuckoo, to quack

Extensions
  • *kewHp- / *kweh₂p-
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: kaūpas (“heap”)
      • Slavic: *kupъ (“heap, pile”)
        • ⇒ Slavic: *kupiti (“to pile”)[3] (denominal causative)
      • Slavic: *kypěti (“to soothe”)[4]
    • Germanic: *hauppaz (“heap”) (from Pre-Germanic *kowHp-nós)
  • *kewHt- / *kweh₂t-
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Slavic: *kutiti (“to take care, to device, to shove”)[5]
      • Slavic: *kvasъ (“yeast”)[6] (s-telic extension)
    • Indo-Iranian: *kwátʰatay (via metathesis *kweth₂-)
  • *kewHk- / *kweh₂k-
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Slavic: *kuka (“hook”)
        • ⇒ Slavic: *kukati (“to squat”)[7] (denominal iterative)
      • Slavic: *čuka (“hilltop”)
      • Slavic: *kvakъ (“quack”)
    • Germanic: *haugaz (“hight”)
      • ⇒ Germanic: *hukkōną (“to squat”) (ne-inchoative)

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*kewh%E2%82%82-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *kewh₂-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *kewh₂-</a>
  • *kowh₂-e-ti (o-grade iterative)
    • Balto-Slavic: *káuˀtei
      • Latvian: kaût
      • Lithuanian: káuti
      • Slavic: *kuti, *kovati (see there for further descendants)
    • Germanic: *hawwaną (see there for further descendants)
  • *kéwdʰh₁-e-ti (dʰh₁e-present)[8]
    • Italic: *kūdō (“beat, knock”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Tocharian: [Term?]
      • Tocharian A: [Term?] (kot-)
      • Tocharian B: [Term?] (kaut-)[9]

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill
  3. Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kupiti (sę) II”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 13, Moscow: Nauka, page 112
  4. Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1981), “*kypěti”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 08, Moscow: Nauka, page 265
  5. Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kutiti (sę)”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 13, Moscow: Nauka, page 139
  6. Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kvasъ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 13, Moscow: Nauka, page 153
  7. Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kukati II”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 13, Moscow: Nauka, page 89
  8. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*keh₂u̯-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 345-346
  9. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “kaut-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN
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