cavar
Catalan
Pronunciation
Conjugation
Conjugation of cavar (first conjugation)
infinitive | cavar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | cavant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | cavat | cavada | |||||
plural | cavats | cavades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | cavo | caves | cava | cavem | caveu | caven | |
imperfect | cavava | cavaves | cavava | cavàvem | cavàveu | cavaven | |
future | cavaré | cavaràs | cavarà | cavarem | cavareu | cavaran | |
preterite | caví | cavares | cavà | cavàrem | cavàreu | cavaren | |
conditional | cavaria | cavaries | cavaria | cavaríem | cavaríeu | cavarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | cavi | cavis | cavi | cavem | caveu | cavin | |
imperfect | cavés | cavessis | cavés | cavéssim | cavéssiu | cavessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
— | cava | cavi | cavem | caveu | cavin |
Related terms
Further reading
- “cavar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese cavar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cavāre, present active infinitive of cavō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaˈβaɾ/
Verb
cavar (first-person singular present cavo, first-person singular preterite cavei, past participle cavado)
- to dig
- to hoe
- 1303, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia (ed.), História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., page 150:
- Et dardeſ cada anno quatro dias de ſeara a noſſa graña de Pineyra, ṽn dia a eſcauar, outro a pudar, outro a cauar, outro a rãdar
- You'll give each year four days of work in our farm of Piñeira, one day for digging, another for prunning, another for hoeing, another for weeding
- Et dardeſ cada anno quatro dias de ſeara a noſſa graña de Pineyra, ṽn dia a eſcauar, outro a pudar, outro a cauar, outro a rãdar
- 1303, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia (ed.), História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., page 150:
- to break up
Conjugation
Conjugation of cavar
infinitive | cavar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | cavando | ||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||
masculine | cavado | cavados | |||||
feminine | cavada | cavadas | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
present | cavo | cavas | cava | cavamos | cavades | cavan | |
imperfect | cavaba | cavabas | cavaba | cavabamos | cavabades | cavaban | |
preterite | cavei | cavaches | cavou | cavamos | cavastes | cavaron | |
pluperfect | cavara | cavaras | cavara | cavaramos | cavarades | cavaran | |
future | cavarei | cavarás | cavará | cavaremos | cavaredes | cavarán | |
conditional | cavaría | cavarías | cavaría | cavariamos | cavariades | cavarían | |
subjunctive | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
present | cave | caves | cave | cavemos | cavedes | caven | |
preterite | cavase | cavases | cavase | cavásemos | cavásedes | cavasen | |
future | cavar | cavares | cavar | cavarmos | cavardes | cavaren | |
imperative | — | ti | Vde. | nós | vós | Vdes. | |
affirmative | — | cava | cave | cavemos | cavade | caven | |
negative | — | caves | cave | cavemos | cavedes | caven | |
personal infinitive | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
cavar | cavares | cavar | cavarmos | cavardes | cavaren |
Related terms
References
- “cavar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
- “cauar” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
- “cavar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
- “cavar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “cavar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan, from Latin cavō, cavāre.
Conjugation
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | cavar | èsser cavat | |||||
past participle | cavat | - | |||||
gerund | cavant | èssent cavat | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | cavi | cavas | cava | cavam | cavatz | cavan | |
imperfect | cavavi | cavavas | cavava | cavàvem | cavàvetz | cavavan | |
preterite | cavèri | cavères | cavèt | cavèrem | cavèretz | cavèron | |
future | cavarai | cavaràs | cavarà | cavarem | cavaretz | cavaràn | |
conditional | cavariái | cavariás | cavariá | cavariam | cavariatz | cavarián | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of Aver plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | cave | caves | cave | cavem | cavetz | caven | |
imperfect | cavèssi | cavèsses | cavèsse | cavèssem | cavèssetz | cavèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
imperative | - | tu | - | nosautres | vosautres | - | |
cava | cavem | cavatz |
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | cavar | èsser cavat | |||||
past participle | cavat | - | |||||
gerund | cavant | èssent cavat | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | cave | caves | cava | cavam | cavatz | cavon | |
imperfect | cavave | cavaves | cavava | cavaviam | cavaviatz | cavavon | |
preterite | cavere | caveres | cavet | cavem | cavetz | caveron | |
future | cavarai | cavaràs | cavará | cavarem | cavaretz | cavarán | |
conditional | cavariá | cavariás | cavariá | cavariam | cavariatz | cavarián | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of Aver plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | cave | caves | cave | cavassiam | cavassiatz | cavon | |
imperfect | cavesse | cavesses | cavesse | cavessiam | cavessiatz | cavesson | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
imperative | - | tu | - | nosautres | vosautres | - | |
cava | cavassiam | cavatz |
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | cavar | èsser cavat | |||||
past participle | cavat | - | |||||
gerund | cavant | èssent cavat | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | cavi | cavas | cava | cavam | cavatz | cavan | |
imperfect | cavavi | cavavas | cavava | cavàvam | cavàvatz | cavavan | |
preterite | cavèi | cavès | cavè | cavèm | cavètz | cavèn | |
future | cavarèi | cavaràs | cavarà | cavaram | cavaratz | cavaràn | |
conditional | cavarí | cavarés | cavaré | cavarem | cavaretz | cavarén | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of Aver plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | cavi | caves | cave | cavem | cavetz | caven | |
imperfect | cavèssi | cavèsses | cavèsse | cavèssem | cavèssetz | cavèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
imperative | - | tu | - | nosautres | vosautres | - | |
cava | cavem | cavatz |
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | cavar | èsser cavat | |||||
past participle | cavat | - | |||||
gerund | cavant | èssent cavat | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | cave | cavas | cava | cavam | cavatz | cavan | |
imperfect | cavava | cavavas | cavava | cavàvam | cavàvatz | cavavan | |
preterite | cavei | caveras | cavet | cavèram | cavèratz | caveran | |
future | cavarai | cavaràs | cavará | cavarem | cavaretz | cavarán | |
conditional | cavariá | cavariàs | cavariá | cavariam | cavariatz | cavarián | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of Aver plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | cave | caves | cave | cavem | cavetz | caven | |
imperfect | cavèsse | cavèsses | cavèsse | cavèssem | cavèssetz | cavèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
imperative | - | tu | - | nosautres | vosautres | - | |
cava | cavem | cavatz |
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | cavar | èsser cavat | |||||
past participle | cavat | - | |||||
gerund | cavant | èssent cavat | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | cave | caves | cava | cavam | cavatz | cavan | |
imperfect | cavavi | cavavas | cavava | cavàvem | cavàvetz | cavavan | |
preterite | cavère | cavères | cavèt | caveriam | caveriatz | cavèron | |
future | cavarai | cavaràs | cavarà | cavarem | cavaretz | cavaràn | |
conditional | cavariáu | cavariás | cavariá | cavariam | cavariatz | cavarián | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of Aver plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | cave | caves | cave | cavem | cavetz | cavan | |
imperfect | cavèsse | cavèsses | cavèsse | cavessiam | cavessiatz | cavèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle | ||||||
imperative | - | tu | - | nosautres | vosautres | - | |
cava | cavem | cavatz |
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portuguese, from Latin cavō, cavāre.
Conjugation
Conjugation of the Portuguese -ar verb cavar
Notes:[edit] | ||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | cavar | |||||
Personal | cavar | cavares | cavar | cavarmos | cavardes | cavarem |
Gerund | ||||||
cavando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | cavado | cavados | ||||
Feminine | cavada | cavadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | cavo | cavas | cava | cavamos | cavais | cavam |
Imperfect | cavava | cavavas | cavava | cavávamos | caváveis | cavavam |
Preterite | cavei | cavaste | cavou | cavamos cavámos |
cavastes | cavaram |
Pluperfect | cavara | cavaras | cavara | caváramos | caváreis | cavaram |
Future | cavarei | cavarás | cavará | cavaremos | cavareis | cavarão |
Conditional | ||||||
cavaria | cavarias | cavaria | cavaríamos | cavaríeis | cavariam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | cave | caves | cave | cavemos | caveis | cavem |
Imperfect | cavasse | cavasses | cavasse | cavássemos | cavásseis | cavassem |
Future | cavar | cavares | cavar | cavarmos | cavardes | cavarem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | - | cava | cave | cavemos | cavai | cavem |
Negative (não) | - | caves | cave | cavemos | caveis | cavem |
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin cavō, cavāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaˈbaɾ/, [kaˈβaɾ]
Verb
cavar (first-person singular present cavo, first-person singular preterite cavé, past participle cavado)
Conjugation
infinitive | cavar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | cavando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | cavado | cavada | |||||
plural | cavados | cavadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | cavo | cavastú cavásvos |
cava | cavamos | caváis | cavan | |
imperfect | cavaba | cavabas | cavaba | cavábamos | cavabais | cavaban | |
preterite | cavé | cavaste | cavó | cavamos | cavasteis | cavaron | |
future | cavaré | cavarás | cavará | cavaremos | cavaréis | cavarán | |
conditional | cavaría | cavarías | cavaría | cavaríamos | cavaríais | cavarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | cave | cavestú cavésvos2 |
cave | cavemos | cavéis | caven | |
imperfect (ra) |
cavara | cavaras | cavara | caváramos | cavarais | cavaran | |
imperfect (se) |
cavase | cavases | cavase | cavásemos | cavaseis | cavasen | |
future1 | cavare | cavares | cavare | caváremos | cavareis | cavaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | cavatú cavávos |
cave | cavemos | cavad | caven | ||
negative | no caves | no cave | no cavemos | no cavéis | no caven |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive cavar | |||||||
dative | cavarme | cavarte | cavarle, cavarse | cavarnos | cavaros | cavarles, cavarse | |
accusative | cavarme | cavarte | cavarlo, cavarla, cavarse | cavarnos | cavaros | cavarlos, cavarlas, cavarse | |
with gerund cavando | |||||||
dative | cavándome | cavándote | cavándole, cavándose | cavándonos | cavándoos | cavándoles, cavándose | |
accusative | cavándome | cavándote | cavándolo, cavándola, cavándose | cavándonos | cavándoos | cavándolos, cavándolas, cavándose | |
with informal second-person singular imperative cava | |||||||
dative | cávame | cávate | cávale | cávanos | not used | cávales | |
accusative | cávame | cávate | cávalo, cávala | cávanos | not used | cávalos, cávalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative cave | |||||||
dative | cáveme | not used | cávele, cávese | cávenos | not used | cáveles | |
accusative | cáveme | not used | cávelo, cávela, cávese | cávenos | not used | cávelos, cávelas | |
with first-person plural imperative cavemos | |||||||
dative | not used | cavémoste | cavémosle | cavémonos | cavémoos | cavémosles | |
accusative | not used | cavémoste | cavémoslo, cavémosla | cavémonos | cavémoos | cavémoslos, cavémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative cavad | |||||||
dative | cavadme | not used | cavadle | cavadnos | cavaos | cavadles | |
accusative | cavadme | not used | cavadlo, cavadla | cavadnos | cavaos | cavadlos, cavadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative caven | |||||||
dative | cávenme | not used | cávenle | cávennos | not used | cávenles, cávense | |
accusative | cávenme | not used | cávenlo, cávenla | cávennos | not used | cávenlos, cávenlas, cávense |
Further reading
- “cavar” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
Venetian
Etymology
From Latin cavō, cavāre.
Conjugation
- Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of cavar (first conjugation)
infinitive | cavar | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | aver | gerund | cavando | |||
past participle | cavà | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
present | cavo | (te) cavi | (el/ła) cava | cavémo, cavòn | cavé | (i/łe) cava |
imperfect | cavava | (te) cavavi | (el/ła) cavava | cavàvimo | cavavi | (i/łe) cavava |
future | cavarò | (te) cavarè | (el/ła) cavarà | cavarémo | cavarè | (i/łe) cavarà |
conditional | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
present | cavarìa | (te) cavarisi | (el/ła) cavarìa | cavarìsimo | cavarisi | (i/łe) cavarìa |
subjunctive | che mi | che ti | che eło / eła | che noialtri / noialtre | che voialtri / voialtre | che łuri / łore |
present | cave, cava | (te) cavi | (el/ła) cave, (el/ła) cava | cavémo, cavone | cavé | (i/łe) cave, (i/łe) cava |
imperfect | cavase | (te) cavasi | (el/ła) cavase | cavàsimo | cavasi | (i/łe) cavase |
imperative | — | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
— | (te) cava | (el/ła) cava, (el/ła) cave | cavémo | cavé | (i/łe) cava, (i/łe) cave |
Related terms
- escavar, scavar
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