polir

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin polīre, present active infinitive of poliō.

Verb

polir (first-person singular present poleixo, past participle polit)

  1. to shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding (often polish up)
  2. to refine; remove imperfections

Conjugation
Conjugation of polir (third conjugation with -eix- infix)
infinitive polir
present participle polint
past participle masculine feminine
singular polit polida
plural polits polides
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present poleixo poleixes poleix polim poliu poleixen
imperfect polia polies polia políem políeu polien
future poliré poliràs polirà polirem polireu poliran
preterite polí polires polí polírem políreu poliren
conditional poliria poliries poliria poliríem poliríeu polirien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present poleixi poleixis poleixi polim poliu poleixin
imperfect polís polissis polís políssim políssiu polissin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós		 vostès
— poleix poleixi polim poliu poleixin

French

Etymology

From Latin polīre, present active infinitive of poliō (“I polish”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pɔ.liʁ/
  • audio(file)

Verb

polir

  1. to shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding (often polish up)
  2. to refine; remove imperfections

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of polir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle polissant
/pɔ.li.sɑ̃/
past participle poli
/pɔ.li/
infinitive
simple polir
compound avoir + past participle
gerund1
simple polissant
/pɔ.li.sɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present polis
/pɔ.li/		 polis
/pɔ.li/		 polit
/pɔ.li/		 polissons
/pɔ.li.sɔ̃/		 polissez
/pɔ.li.se/		 polissent
/pɔ.lis/
imperfect polissais
/pɔ.li.sɛ/		 polissais
/pɔ.li.sɛ/		 polissait
/pɔ.li.sɛ/		 polissions
/pɔ.li.sjɔ̃/		 polissiez
/pɔ.li.sje/		 polissaient
/pɔ.li.sɛ/
past historic2 polis
/pɔ.li/		 polis
/pɔ.li/		 polit
/pɔ.li/		 polîmes
/pɔ.lim/		 polîtes
/pɔ.lit/		 polirent
/pɔ.liʁ/
future polirai
/pɔ.li.ʁe/		 poliras
/pɔ.li.ʁa/		 polira
/pɔ.li.ʁa/		 polirons
/pɔ.li.ʁɔ̃/		 polirez
/pɔ.li.ʁe/		 poliront
/pɔ.li.ʁɔ̃/
conditional polirais
/pɔ.li.ʁɛ/		 polirais
/pɔ.li.ʁɛ/		 polirait
/pɔ.li.ʁɛ/		 polirions
/pɔ.li.ʁjɔ̃/		 poliriez
/pɔ.li.ʁje/		 poliraient
/pɔ.li.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present polisse
/pɔ.lis/		 polisses
/pɔ.lis/		 polisse
/pɔ.lis/		 polissions
/pɔ.li.sjɔ̃/		 polissiez
/pɔ.li.sje/		 polissent
/pɔ.lis/
imperfect2 polisse
/pɔ.lis/		 polisses
/pɔ.lis/		 polît
/pɔ.li/		 polissions
/pɔ.li.sjɔ̃/		 polissiez
/pɔ.li.sje/		 polissent
/pɔ.lis/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — polis
/pɔ.li/		 — polissons
/pɔ.li.sɔ̃/		 polissez
/pɔ.li.se/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 Only usable with preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Descendants

Further reading

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin polīre, present active infinitive of poliō (“I polish”).

Pronunciation

Verb

polir (past participle polido)

  1. to polish; to shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding (often polish up)
  2. to refine; remove imperfections

Conjugation
  Conjugation of the Portuguese -ir verb polir
Notes:[edit]
  • This is a regular defective verb of the -ir group.
  • Verbs with this conjugation include: polir.
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal polir
Personal polir polires polir polirmos polirdes polirem
Gerund
polindo
Past participle
Masculine polido polidos
Feminine polida polidas
Indicative
Present - - - polimos polis -
Imperfect polia polias polia políamos políeis poliam
Preterite poli poliste poliu polimos polistes poliram
Pluperfect polira poliras polira políramos políreis poliram
Future polirei polirás polirá poliremos polireis polirão
Conditional
poliria polirias poliria poliríamos poliríeis poliriam
Subjunctive
Present - - - - - -
Imperfect polisse polisses polisse políssemos polísseis polissem
Future polir polires polir polirmos polirdes polirem
Imperative
Affirmative - - - - poli -
Negative (não) - - - - - -

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin polīre, present active infinitive of poliō.

Verb

polir (first-person singular present polo, first-person singular preterite polí, past participle polido)

  1. (obsolete) to polish

Conjugation
        Conjugation of polir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)edit data
    infinitive polir
    gerund poliendo
    past participle masculine feminine
    singular polido polida
    plural polidos polidas
    singular plural
    1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
    indicative yo tú
    vos    		 él/ella/ello
    usted    		 nosotros
    nosotras    		 vosotros
    vosotras    		 ellos/ellas
    ustedes
    present polo polestú
    polísvos    		 pole polimos polís polen
    imperfect polía polías polía políamos políais polían
    preterite polí poliste polió polimos polisteis polieron
    future poliré polirás polirá poliremos poliréis polirán
    conditional poliría polirías poliría poliríamos poliríais polirían
    subjunctive yo tú
    vos    		 él/ella/ello
    usted    		 nosotros
    nosotras    		 vosotros
    vosotras    		 ellos/ellas
    ustedes
    present pola polastú
    polásvos2    		 pola polamos poláis polan
    imperfect
    (ra)    		 poliera polieras poliera poliéramos polierais polieran
    imperfect
    (se)    		 poliese polieses poliese poliésemos polieseis poliesen
    future1 poliere polieres poliere poliéremos poliereis polieren
    imperative — tú
    vos    		 usted nosotros
    nosotras    		 vosotros
    vosotras    		 ustedes
    affirmative poletú
    polívos    		 pola polamos polid polan
    negative no polas no pola no polamos no poláis no polan
    • 1 Mostly obsolete form, now mainly used in legal jargon.
    • 2 Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Synonyms
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