Alphapapillomavirus

Alphapapillomavirus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Monodnaviria
Kingdom: Shotokuvirae
Phylum: Cossaviricota
Class: Papovaviricetes
Order: Zurhausenvirales
Family: Papillomaviridae
Genus: Alphapapillomavirus

Alphapapillomavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Papillomaviridae. Human and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus.[1] Diseases associated with this genus include: warts, papilloma, malignant tumours. Genital-type, high-risk of malignancy (cervical cancer): HPV-16, 18. Genital-type, low-risk of malignancy (genital warts): HPV-6, 11.[2][3]

Taxonomy

The following species are assigned to the genus:[3]

  • Alphapapillomavirus 1
  • Alphapapillomavirus 2
  • Alphapapillomavirus 3
  • Alphapapillomavirus 4
  • Alphapapillomavirus 5
  • Alphapapillomavirus 6
  • Alphapapillomavirus 7
  • Alphapapillomavirus 8
  • Alphapapillomavirus 9
  • Alphapapillomavirus 10
  • Alphapapillomavirus 11
  • Alphapapillomavirus 12
  • Alphapapillomavirus 13
  • Alphapapillomavirus 14

Structure

Viruses in Alphapapillomavirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=7 symmetry. The diameter is around 60 nm. Genomes are circular, around 8kb in length.[2]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
AlphapapillomavirusIcosahedralT=7Non-envelopedCircularMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning, and ribosomal shunting. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear envelope breakdown. Humans and monkeys serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual and contact.[2]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
AlphapapillomavirusHumans; monkeysEpithelial: mucous; epithelial: skinCell receptor endocytosisLysisNucleusNucleusSex; contact

References

  1. ↑ Van Doorslaer, K; Chen, Z; Bernard, HU; Chan, PKS; DeSalle, R; Dillner, J; Forslund, O; Haga, T; McBride, AA; Villa, LL; Burk, RD; Ictv Report, Consortium (August 2018). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Papillomaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 99 (8): 989–990. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001105. PMC 6171710. PMID 29927370.
  2. 1 2 3 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  3. 1 2 "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
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