CHIME syndrome

CHIME syndrome
Other names: Zunich neuroectodermal syndrome, Zunich–Kaye syndrome
CHIME syndrome has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.

CHIME syndrome, also known as Zunich–Kaye syndrome or Zunich neuroectodermal syndrome, is a rare congenital ichthyosis first described in 1983.^[1] The acronym CHIME is based on its main symptoms: colobomas, heart defects, ichthyosiform dermatosis, intellectual disability, and either ear defects or epilepsy.^[2] It is a congenital^[3] syndrome with only a few cases studied and published.^[2]

Symptoms and signs

a,b)Prominent forehead, ocular hypertelorism, upslanting palpebral fissures, everted lower lip, widely-spaced teeth; c) short neck; d) hyperchromic/icthyosiform skin lesions, geographic lesions with hyperpigmented borders in thorax

Associated symptoms range from things such as colobomas of the eyes, heart defects, ichthyosiform dermatosis, intellectual disability, and ear abnormalities. ^[2]

Further symptoms that may be suggested include characteristic facies, hearing loss, and cleft palate.

Genetics

CHIME syndrome is considered to have an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. This means the defective gene is located on an autosome, and two copies of the gene, one from each parent, are required to inherit the disorder. The parents of an individual with autosomal recessive disorder both carry one copy of the defective gene, but usually do not have the disorder.

Diagnosis

The definitive diagnosis of CHIME syndrome can be done via genetic test^[4]

Treatment

Treatment with isotretinoin may induce substantial resolution of skin lesions, but the risk of secondary infection remains.^[2]

See also

• List of cutaneous conditions

References

Bibliography

• Schnur RE, Greenbaum BH, Heymann WR, Christensen K, Buck AS, Reid CS (1997). "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a child with the CHIME neuroectodermal dysplasia syndrome". Am. J. Med. Genet. 72 (1): 24–9. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19971003)72:1<24::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-V. PMID 9295069.
• Shashi V, Zunich J, Kelly TE, Fryburg JS (1995). "Neuroectodermal (CHIME) syndrome: an additional case with long term follow up of all reported cases". J. Med. Genet. 32 (6): 465–9. doi:10.1136/jmg.32.6.465. PMC 1050487. PMID 7666399.
• Zunich J, Esterly NB, Holbrook KA, Kaye CI (1985). "Congenital migratory ichthyosiform dermatosis with neurologic and ophthalmologic abnormalities". Arch Dermatol. 121 (9): 1149–56. doi:10.1001/archderm.121.9.1149. PMID 4037840.
• Zunich J, Esterly NB, Kaye CI (1988). "Autosomal recessive transmission of neuroectodermal syndrome". Arch Dermatol. 124 (8): 1188–9. doi:10.1001/archderm.124.8.1188. PMID 3041916.
• Zunich J, Kaye CI (1984). "Additional case report of new neuroectodermal syndrome". Am. J. Med. Genet. 17 (3): 707–10. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320170324. PMID 6711621.

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