Leporipoxvirus

Leporipoxvirus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Varidnaviria
Kingdom: Bamfordvirae
Phylum: Nucleocytoviricota
Class: Pokkesviricetes
Order: Chitovirales
Family: Poxviridae
Subfamily: Chordopoxvirinae
Genus: Leporipoxvirus
Species
  • Hare fibroma virus
  • Myxoma virus
  • Rabbit fibroma virus
  • Squirrel fibroma virus

Leporipoxvirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Poxviridae, in the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae. Lagomorphs and squirrels serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: myxomatosis.[1][2]

Taxonomy

The genus contains the following species:[2]

  • Hare fibroma virus
  • Myxoma virus
  • Rabbit fibroma virus
  • Squirrel fibroma virus

Structure

Viruses in Leporipoxvirus are enveloped, with brick-shaped geometries. Genomes are linear, around 160kb in length.[1]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
LeporipoxvirusBrick-shapedEnvelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) mediates endocytosis of the virus into the host cell. Fusion with the plasma membrane to release the core into the host cytoplasm. Early phase: early genes are transcribed in the cytoplasm by viral RNA polymerase. Early expression begins at 30 minutes post-infection. Core is completely uncoated as early expression ends, viral genome is now free in the cytoplasm. Intermediate phase: Intermediate genes are expressed, triggering genomic DNA replication at approximately 100 minutes post-infection. Late phase: Late genes are expressed from 140 min to 48 hours post-infection, producing all structural proteins. Assembly of progeny virions starts in cytoplasmic viral factories, producing an spherical immature particle. This virus particle matures into brick-shaped intracellular mature virion (IMV). IMV virion can be released upon cell lysis, or can acquire a second double membrane from trans-Golgi and bud as external enveloped virion (EEV)host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by existing in occlusion bodies after cell death and remaining infectious until finding another host. Lagomorph and squirrels serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are fomite, mechanical, and contact.[1]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
LeporipoxvirusLagomorph; squirrelsNoneGlycosaminoglycansLysis; buddingCytoplasmCytoplasmArthropods; contact

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  2. 1 2 "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
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