Morbillivirus

Morbillivirus
"Measles morbillivirus" electron micrograph
Measles morbillivirus electron micrograph
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Monjiviricetes
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Subfamily: Orthoparamyxovirinae
Genus: Morbillivirus
Species

Morbillivirus is a genus of viruses in the order Mononegavirales, in the family Paramyxoviridae.[1][2] Humans, dogs, cats, cattle, seals, and cetaceans serve as natural hosts. This genus includes seven species. Diseases in humans associated with viruses classified in this genus include measles: fever, and rash; in animals, they include acute febrile respiratory tract infection.[3]

Genus

Genus Morbillivirus: species and their viruses[4]
Genus Species Virus (Abbreviation)
Morbillivirus Canine morbillivirus Canine distemper virus (CDV)
Cetacean morbillivirus Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV)
Feline morbillivirus Feline morbillivirus (FeMV)
Measles morbillivirus Measles virus (MeV)
Ovine rinderpest Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV)
Phocine morbillivirus Phocine distemper virus (PDV)
Rinderpest morbillivirus Rinderpest virus (RPV)

Structure

Schematic diagram of a Morbillivirus virion (cross section)

Morbillivirions are enveloped, with spherical geometries. Their diameter is around 150 nm. Genomes are linear, around 15-16 kb in length. The genome codes for eight proteins.[2][3]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
MorbillivirusSphericalEnvelopedLinearMonopartite
Morbillivirusgenome map

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by virus attaching to host cell. Replication follows the negative-stranded RNA virus replication model. Negative-stranded RNA virus transcription, using polymerase stuttering, through co-transcriptional RNA editing is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by budding. Humans, cattle, dogs, cats, and cetaceans serve as the natural hosts. Transmission routes are respiratory.[2][3]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
MorbillivirusHumans, dogs, cats, cetaceansNoneGlycoproteinBuddingCytoplasmCytoplasmAerosols

References

  1. ↑ Rima, B; Balkema-Buschmann, A; Dundon, WG; Duprex, WP; Easton, A; Fouchier, R; Kurath, G; Lamb, R; Lee, B; Rota, P; Wang, L; ICTV Report Consortium (December 2019). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Paramyxoviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (12): 1593–1594. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001328. PMC 7273325. PMID 31609197.
  2. 1 2 3 "ICTV Report Paramyxoviridae".
  3. 1 2 3 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  4. ↑ Amarasinghe, Gaya K.; Bào, Yīmíng; Basler, Christopher F.; Bavari, Sina; Beer, Martin; Bejerman, Nicolás; Blasdell, Kim R.; Bochnowski, Alisa; Briese, Thomas (7 April 2017). "Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2017". Archives of Virology. 162 (8): 2493–2504. doi:10.1007/s00705-017-3311-7. ISSN 1432-8798. PMC 5831667. PMID 28389807.
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