Periorbital cellulitis

Periorbital cellulitis
Other names: Preseptal cellulitis
Periorbital cellulitis around the left eye
SymptomsTender, red, and swollen eyelid[1]
ComplicationsRare, orbital cellulitis[2]
Usual onsetSudden[3]
CausesBreaks in the skin around the eye, sinusitis[1][4]
Diagnostic methodBased on symptoms, medical imaging in unclear cases[4]
Differential diagnosisOrbital cellulitis, hay fever, chalazion, hordeolum[4][2]
TreatmentAntibiotics, such as amoxicillin/clavulanate[5]
FrequencyRelatively common[4]

Periorbital cellulitis, also known as preseptal cellulitis, is an infection of the eyelid and tissue anterior to the orbital septum.[4] Symptoms may include a tender, red, and swollen eyelid.[1] Fever is less commonly present.[4] Vision should be normal and movement of the eye should occur without difficulty.[1] Complications are rare, though occasionally include orbital cellulitis.[2]

It typically occurs following a breaks in the skin around the eye, such as from scratching or an insect bite.[1] It may also occur as a complication of a chalazion or sinusitis.[4] Diagnosis is based on symptoms, with medical imaging done in unclear cases.[4]

Those with mild disease may be treated with antibiotics by mouth such as amoxicillin/clavulanate for 7 to 10 days.[3][5] Clindamycin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may be added if MRSA is a concern.[4] With treatment, it should resolve within a week.[2]

Periorbital cellulitis is relatively common in comparison to orbital cellulitis.[4] Children are more commonly affected than adults.[2] In children it represents about 85% of swelling around the eye.[3] While the term could mean any swelling around the eye, it is technically only used for cases related to infection.[3]

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms may include swelling, redness, discharge, pain, conjunctival infection, and occasionally fever.

Typical signs include periorbital erythema, induration, tenderness and warmth.[6]

Causes

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, other streptococci, and anaerobes are the most common causes, depending on the origin of the infection.[7]

Diagnosis

If the diagnosis is unclear, a CT scan may be done to rule out other possibilities.

  • Periorbital cellulitis caused by a dental infection (also causing maxillary sinusitis)
    Periorbital cellulitis caused by a dental infection (also causing maxillary sinusitis)
  • Marked left facial edema due to periorbital cellulitis following a dental procedure.
    Marked left facial edema due to periorbital cellulitis following a dental procedure.

Differential diagnosis

Periorbital cellulitis must be differentiated from orbital cellulitis. In contrast to orbital cellulitis, periorbital cellulitis do not have bulging of the eye (proptosis), limited eye movement (ophthalmoplegia), pain on eye movement, or loss of vision.

Prevention

The use of the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine has decreased the rate.[8]

Treatment

Antibiotics are aimed at gram positive bacteria. Medical attention should be sought if symptoms persist beyond 2–3 days.

There is inadequate evidence regarding adding corticosteroids in the treatment of periorbital cellulitis as of 2021.[9]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Baiu, Ioana; Melendez, Elliot (14 January 2020). "Periorbital and Orbital Cellulitis". JAMA. 323 (2): 196. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.18211.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Bae, C; Bourget, D (January 2023). "Periorbital Cellulitis". StatPearls. PMID 29261970.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Williams, Katherine J.; Allen, Richard C. (September 2019). "Paediatric orbital and periorbital infections". Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 30 (5): 349–355. doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000589.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis - Eye Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Archived from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  5. 1 2 Gordon, Abigail A.; Phelps, Paul O. (October 2020). "Management of preseptal and orbital cellulitis for the primary care physician". Disease-a-Month. 66 (10): 101044. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101044. PMID 32622679.
  6. ↑ Givner LB (December 2002). "Periorbital versus orbital cellulitis". The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 21 (12): 1157–1158. doi:10.1097/00006454-200212000-00014. PMID 12488668.
  7. ↑ Botting AM, McIntosh D, Mahadevan M (March 2008). "Paediatric pre- and post-septal peri-orbital infections are different diseases. A retrospective review of 262 cases". International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 72 (3): 377–383. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.11.013. PMID 18191234.
  8. ↑ Donahue SP, Schwartz G (October 1998). "Preseptal and orbital cellulitis in childhood. A changing microbiologic spectrum". Ophthalmology. 105 (10): 1902–5, discussion 1905–6. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(98)91038-7. PMID 9787362.
  9. ↑ Kornelsen E, Mahant S, Parkin P, Ren LY, Reginald YA, Shah SS, Gill PJ, et al. (Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group) (April 2021). "Corticosteroids for periorbital and orbital cellulitis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (4): CD013535. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013535.pub2. PMC 8092453. PMID 33908631.
Classification
External resources
This article is issued from Offline. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.