Cha (Mongolic)

Cha is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language
Look up ᠴ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main articles: Mongolian script, Mongolian writing systems, and Mongolian language
Cha
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠ​
a
ᠡ​
e
ᠢ​
i
ᠣ​
o
ᠤ​
u
ᠥ​
ö
ᠦ​
ü
ᠧ​
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨ​
n
ᠩ​
ng
ᠪ​
b
ᠫ​
(p)
ᠬ​
q/k
ᠭ​
γ/g
ᠮ​
m
ᠯ​
l
ᠰ​
s
ᠱ​
š
ᠲ​
t
ᠳ​
d
ᠴ​
č
ᠵ​
ǰ
ᠶ​
y
ᠷ​
r
ᠸ​
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]: 13, 17 [3]: 546 [4]: 212, 214 
č Transliteration[note 1]
ᠴ‍ Initial
‍ᠴ‍ Medial (syllable-initial)
— Medial (syllable-final)
(‍ᠴ) Final[note 2]
C-V syllables[6]: 38 
ča, če či čo, ču čö čü Transliteration
ᠴᠠ ᠴᠢ[lower-alpha 1] ᠴᠣ᠋ ᠴᠥ᠋ Alone
ᠴᠣ[lower-alpha 2] — ᠴᠦ[lower-alpha 2]
ᠴᠠ‍ ᠴᠢ‍ ᠴᠣ‍ ᠴᠥ‍ Initial
‍ᠴᠠ‍ ‍ᠴᠢ‍ ‍ᠴᠣ‍ Medial
‍ᠴᠠ ‍ᠴᠢ ‍ᠴᠣ Final
  • Transcribes Chakhar /t͡ʃ/;[10][11] Khalkha /t͡ʃʰ/, and /t͡sʰ/ (Mongolian Cyrillic ч, and ц, respectively).[10]: § 1.2 [12]: 2  Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ч.[6][5]
  • For Buryat, a derived letter with two dots on the right ⟨ᡸ; ⟩ is used in places where č is pronounced as š.[13]
  • Derived from Old Uyghur (through early Mongolian) tsade (𐽽).[9]: 59 [3]: 539–540, 545–546 [14]: 111, 113 [15]: 35 
  • Produced with Q using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[16]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, č comes after d and before ǰ.

Clear Script
Look up ᡒ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Look up ᠴ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main article: Clear Script

Xibe language
Look up ᡱ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Look up ᠴ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main article: Xibe language § Alphabet

Manchu language
Look up ᠴ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Look up ᡱ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main article: Manchu alphabet

Notes
  1. As in the second person singular pronoun ᠴᠢ či (чи chi) 'thou' (singular 'you').[8]: 174 [2]: 13, 85–86 
  2. As in the strengthening/intensifying (emphatic) and concessive ⟨ᠴᠤ⟩ ču/čü (ч ch) 'even, as for' particle,[8]: 203 [9]: 46  ᠴᠣ/ᠴᠣᠭᠤ čo/čoγu (цоо tsoo) 'through and through, completely',[8]: 193, 195  or ᠴᠦ čü (цүү tsüü) 'spike, bolt'.[8]: 209 
  1. Scholarly transliteration.[5]
  2. Not found in native Mongolian words.

References
  1. "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-31. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  4. Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
  5. "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-11-22. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
  6. Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  7. "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  8. Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii  as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[7]
  9. Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
  10. "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Archived from the original on 2022-01-18. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  11. "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Archived from the original on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  12. "Mongolian / ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ Moŋġol" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2015-12-27. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
  13. West, Andrew; Zhamsoev, Amgalan; Zaytsev, Viacheslav (2017-01-13). "L2/17-007: Proposal to encode one historical Mongolian letter for Buryat Mongolian" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-01-19. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
  14. Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  15. Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  16. jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
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