I (Mongolic)

I is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]:549–551

Mongolian language

I
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
a
e
i
o
u
ö
ü
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
n
ng
b
(p)
q/k
γ/g
m
l
s
š
t
d
č
ǰ
y
r
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]:17,19[3]:546
i Transliteration[note 1]
[lower-alpha 1] Alone
Initial
Medial (syllable-initial)
[lower-alpha 2] Medial (syllable-final)
Final
Ligatures[2]:22–23,24–25[3]:546
bi pi ki, gi Transliteration
ᠪᠢ[lower-alpha 3] ᠫᠢ ᠬᠢ[lower-alpha 4] Alone
ᠪᠢ ᠫᠢ ᠬᠢ Initial
ᠪᠢ ᠫᠢ ᠬᠢ Medial
ᠪᠢ ᠫᠢ ᠬᠢ Final
Separated suffixes[note 2]
i Transliteration
? Initial
? Whole
  • Transcribes Chakhar /i/ or /ɪ/;[8][9] Khalkha /i/, /ə/, and //.[10]:40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter и.[11][4]
  • Today, often absorbed into a preceding syllable when at the end of a word.
  • Written medially with the single long tooth after a consonant, and with two after a vowel (with rare exceptions like ᠨᠠᠮᠠ naima 'eight' or ᠨᠠᠮᠠᠨ naiman 'eight'/tribal name).[2]:31[12]:9,39[13]:38
  • = a handwritten Inner Mongolian variant on the sequence yi (as in ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ / ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ sayin 'good' being written ᠰᠠᠢ sain).[12]:58[13]:38
    • Also the medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound.[13]:44
  • Derived from Old Uyghur yodh (𐽶), preceded by an aleph (𐽰) for isolate and initial forms.[3]:539–540,545–546[14]:111,113[13]:35
  • Produced with I using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[15]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, i comes after e and before o.

Clear Script

Xibe language

Manchu language

Notes

  1. Used in enumerations, corresponding to i).[2]:19
  2. Stand-in for the correct (context-sensitive only) glyph.
  3. As in ᠪᠢ bi (би bi) 'I'.[6]:101[2]:22
  4. See the separated ᠬᠢ ki suffix.[6]
  1. Scholarly transliteration.[4]
  2. Separated suffixes starting with, or made up by the letter i include: ? i (accusative), ᠢᠶᠠᠨ? iyan/iyen (reflexive), and ᠢᠶᠠᠷ? iyar/iyer (instrumental).[7]

References

  1. "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  4. "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
  5. "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  6. Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;:xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[5]
  7. "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
  8. "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  9. "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  10. Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
  11. Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  12. Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
  13. Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  14. Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  15. jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
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