Oe (Mongolic)

Oe is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language
Look up ᠥ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main articles: Mongolian script, Mongolian writing systems, and Mongolian language
Oe
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠ​
a
ᠡ​
e
ᠢ​
i
ᠣ​
o
ᠤ​
u
ᠥ​
ö
ᠦ​
ü
ᠧ​
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨ​
n
ᠩ​
ng
ᠪ​
b
ᠫ​
(p)
ᠬ​
q/k
ᠭ​
γ/g
ᠮ​
m
ᠯ​
l
ᠰ​
s
ᠱ​
š
ᠲ​
t
ᠳ​
d
ᠴ​
č
ᠵ​
ǰ
ᠶ​
y
ᠷ​
r
ᠸ​
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]: 17, 20 [3]: 546 
ö Transliteration[note 1]
ᠥ[lower-alpha 1] Alone
ᠥ‍ Initial
‍ᠥ᠋‍ Medial (word-initial syllable)
‍ᠥ‍ Medial (subsequent syllables)
‍ᠥ Final
Ligatures[2]: 22–23, 24–25 [3]: 546 
bö pö kö, gö Transliteration
ᠪᠥ ᠫᠥ ᠭᠥ⟨?⟩ (w/o tail)[lower-alpha 2] Alone
ᠭᠥ᠋⟨?⟩ (w/ tail)
ᠪᠥ‍ ᠫᠥ‍ ᠭᠥ‍ Initial
‍ᠪᠥ‍ ‍ᠫᠥ‍ ‍ᠭᠥ‍ Medial
‍ᠪᠥ ‍ᠫᠥ ‍ᠭᠥ Final
  • Transcribes Chakhar /o/;[8][9] Khalkha /o/[ɵ], /ə/, and /∅/.[10]: 40–42  Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ө.[11][4]
  • Indistinguishable from ü, except when inferred by its placement: it is only found in medial or final syllables if the initial syllable also carries it.[2]: 11, 20 [7]: 9–10 
  • ‍ᠥ᠋ = an alternative final form; also used in loanwords.[12]: 39 
  • The syllable-initial medial form ‍ᠥ᠋‍ is also used in non-initial syllables in proper name compounds,[12]: 44  as well as in loanwords.
  • ‍ᠥ᠌‍ = medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound.[12]: 44 
  • Derived from Old Uyghur waw (𐽳), followed by a yodh (𐽶) in word-initial syllables, and preceded by an aleph (𐽰) for isolate and initial forms.[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [13]: 111, 113 [12]: 35 
  • Produced with O using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[14]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, ö comes after u and before ü.

Clear Script
Look up ᡈ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main article: Clear Script

Notes
  1. As in ᠥ/ᠥᠭᠡ ö/öge (өө öö) 'fault; roughness, unevenness'.[6]: 627, 630 
  2. As in the strengthening (emphatic) ᠭᠦ⟨?⟩ kü (хүү khüü) particle,[6]: 494 [7]: 46  or ᠬᠥ⟨?⟩/ᠬᠥᠭᠡ kö/köge (хөө khöö) 'soot; obstacle, hindrance; trouble', or 'ring of mail'.[6]: 475, 478 
  1. Scholarly transliteration.[4]

References
  1. "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  4. "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
  5. "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  6. Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii  as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[5]
  7. Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
  8. "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  9. "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  10. Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
  11. Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  12. Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  13. Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  14. jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
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