Ma (Mongolic)

Ma is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language
Look up ᠮ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main articles: Mongolian script, Mongolian writing systems, and Mongolian language
Ma
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠ​
a
ᠡ​
e
ᠢ​
i
ᠣ​
o
ᠤ​
u
ᠥ​
ö
ᠦ​
ü
ᠧ​
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨ​
n
ᠩ​
ng
ᠪ​
b
ᠫ​
(p)
ᠬ​
q/k
ᠭ​
γ/g
ᠮ​
m
ᠯ​
l
ᠰ​
s
ᠱ​
š
ᠲ​
t
ᠳ​
d
ᠴ​
č
ᠵ​
ǰ
ᠶ​
y
ᠷ​
r
ᠸ​
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]: 13, 17, 24 [3]: 546 [4]: 212, 214 
m Transliteration[note 1]
ᠮ‍ Initial
‍ᠮ‍ Medial (syllable-initial)
Medial (syllable-final)
‍ᠮ Final
C-V syllables[6]: 8 
m‑a, m‑e ma, me mi mo, mu mö, mü Transliteration
— ᠮᠠ[lower-alpha 1] ᠮᠢ ᠮᠣ᠋ ᠮᠥ᠋ Alone
ᠮᠠ‍ ᠮᠢ‍ ᠮᠣ‍ ᠮᠥ‍ Initial
‍ᠮᠠ‍ ‍ᠮᠢ‍ ‍ᠮᠣ‍ Medial
‍ᠮ᠎ᠠ⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ ‍ᠮᠠ ‍ᠮᠢ ‍ᠮᠣ Final
  • Transcribes Chakhar /m/;[9][10] Khalkha /m/.[11]: 40–42  Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter м.[6][5]
  • Derived from Old Uyghur mem (𐽹).[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [12]: 111, 113 [13]: 35 
  • Produced with M using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[14]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, m comes after γ/g and before l.

Clear Script
Look up ᡏ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main article: Clear Script

Xibe language
Look up ᠮ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main article: Xibe language § Alphabet

Manchu language
Look up ᠮ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main article: Manchu alphabet

Notes
  1. As in the exclamation ᠮᠠ/ᠮᠠᠢ ma/mai (ма(й) ma(i)) 'here, take it'.[8]: 519, 522 
  1. Scholarly transliteration.[5]

References
  1. "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  4. Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
  5. "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
  6. Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  7. "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  8. Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii  as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[7]
  9. "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  10. "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  11. Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
  12. Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  13. Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  14. jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
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