Ue (Mongolic)

Ue is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language
Look up ᠦ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main articles: Mongolian script, Mongolian writing systems, and Mongolian language
Ue
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠ​
a
ᠡ​
e
ᠢ​
i
ᠣ​
o
ᠤ​
u
ᠥ​
ö
ᠦ​
ü
ᠧ​
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨ​
n
ᠩ​
ng
ᠪ​
b
ᠫ​
(p)
ᠬ​
q/k
ᠭ​
γ/g
ᠮ​
m
ᠯ​
l
ᠰ​
s
ᠱ​
š
ᠲ​
t
ᠳ​
d
ᠴ​
č
ᠵ​
ǰ
ᠶ​
y
ᠷ​
r
ᠸ​
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]: 17, 20 [3]: 546 
ü Transliteration[note 1]
ᠦ[lower-alpha 1] Alone
ᠦ‍ Initial
‍ᠦ᠋‍ Medial (word-initial syllable)
‍ᠦ‍ Medial (subsequent syllables)
‍ᠦ Final
Ligatures[2]: 22–23, 24–25 [3]: 546 
bü pü kü, gü Transliteration
ᠪᠦ ᠫᠦ ᠭᠦ⟨?⟩ (w/o tail)[lower-alpha 2] Alone
ᠭᠦ᠋⟨?⟩ (w/ tail)
ᠪᠦ‍ ᠫᠦ‍ ᠭᠦ‍ Initial
‍ᠪᠦ‍ ‍ᠫᠦ‍ ‍ᠭᠦ‍ Medial
‍ᠪᠦ ‍ᠫᠦ ‍ᠭᠦ Final
Separated suffixes[note 2]
‑ü(...) ‑ü ‑ün ‑ügei ‑üd Transliteration
 ᠦ⟨?⟩ — — — Whole
—  ᠦᠨ⟨?⟩  ᠦᠳ⟨?⟩
—  ᠦᠭᠡᠢ⟨?⟩ —
  • Transcribes Chakhar /u/;[9][10] Khalkha /u/, /ə/, and /∅/.[11]: 40–42  Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ү.[12][4]
  • Indistinguishable from ö.[2]: 20 [7]: 9–10 
  • ‍ᠦ᠋ = an alternative final form; also used in loanwords.[13]: 39  Additionally used in native and modern Mongolian ᠰᠦ᠋⟨?⟩ sü 'milk' (Classical Mongolian ᠰᠦ⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ sü or ᠰᠦᠨ sün).[6]: 741, 744 [13]: 39 
  • The syllable-initial medial form ‍ᠦ᠋‍ is also used in non-initial syllables in proper name compounds,[13]: 44  as well as in loanwords.
  • ‍ᠦ᠌‍ = medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound.[13]: 44 
  • Derived from Old Uyghur waw (𐽳), followed by a yodh (𐽶) in word-initial syllables, and preceded by an aleph (𐽰) for isolate and initial forms.[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [14]: 111, 113 [13]: 35 
  • Produced with U using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[15]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, ü comes after ö and before ē.

Clear Script
Look up ᡉ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main article: Clear Script

Xibe language
Look up ᡠ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main article: Xibe language § Alphabet

Manchu language
Look up ᡠ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main article: Manchu alphabet

Notes
  1. As in ᠡᠭᠦᠦ/ᠦ egüü/ü (үү üü) 'wart; excrescence'.[6]: 303, 995 
  2. As in the strengthening (emphatic) ᠭᠦ⟨?⟩ kü (хүү khüü) particle,[6]: 494 [7]: 46  or ᠬᠥ⟨?⟩/ᠬᠥᠭᠡ kö/köge (хөө khöö) 'soot; obstacle, hindrance; trouble', or 'ring of mail'.[6]: 475, 478 
  1. Scholarly transliteration.[4]
  2. Separated suffixes starting with, or made up by the letter ü include:  ᠦ⟨?⟩ ‑ü or  ᠦᠨ⟨?⟩ ‑ün (genitive),  ᠦᠭᠡᠢ⟨?⟩ ‑ügei (negation), and  ᠦᠳ⟨?⟩ ‑üd (plural).[8]

References
  1. "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  4. "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
  5. "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  6. Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii  as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[5]
  7. Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
  8. "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
  9. "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  10. "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  11. Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
  12. Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  13. Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  14. Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  15. jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
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