God Save the Tsar!

"God Save the Tsar!" (Russian: Бо́же, Царя́ храни́!, tr. Bozhe, Tsarya khrani!, IPA: [ˈboʐɨ t͡sɐˈrʲa xrɐˈnʲi]) was the national anthem of the Russian Empire. The song was chosen from a competition held in 1833 and was first performed on 18 December 1833. It was composed by violinist Alexei Lvov, with lyrics written by the court poet Vasily Zhukovsky. It was the anthem until the February Revolution of 1917, after which "Worker's Marseillaise" was adopted as the new national anthem until the overthrow of the Russian Provisional Government by the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution of the same year.

Not to be confused with God Save the King.

Bozhe, Tsarya khrani!
English: God Save the Tsar!
Боже, Царя храни!
Former national anthem of Russia
Former royal anthem of Bulgaria (1878–1908)
LyricsVasily Zhukovsky
MusicAlexei Lvov
Adopted31 December 1833
Relinquished15 March 1917
Preceded by"The Prayer of Russians"
Succeeded by"Worker's Marseillaise"
Audio sample
Choral version
  • file
  • help

Overview

Lyrics
Cyrillic script Latin script IPA transcription Literal English translation Poetic English translation

𝄆 Боже, Царя храни!
Сильный, державный,
Царствуй на славу, на славу намъ! 𝄇

𝄆 Царствуй на страхъ врагамъ,
Царь православный!
Боже, Царя храни! 𝄇

𝄆 Bozhe, Tsarya khrani!
Sillnyy, derzhavnyy,
Tsarstvuy na slavu, na slavu nam! 𝄇

𝄆 Tsarstvuy na strakh vragam,
Tsar pravoslavnyy!
Bozhe, Tsarya khrani! 𝄇

𝄆 [ˈboʐɨ t͡sɐˈrʲæ xrɐˈnʲi]
[ˈsʲilʲnɨj dʲɪrˈʐavnɨj]
[ˈt͡sarstvʊj nə ˈslavʊ nə ˈslavʊ nam] 𝄇

𝄆 [ˈt͡sarstvʊj nə ˈstrax vrɐˈgam]
[ˈt͡sarʲ prəvɐˈslavnɨj]
[ˈboʐɨ t͡sɐˈrʲæ xrɐˈnʲi] 𝄇

𝄆 God, save the Tsar!
Strong and sovereign,
Reign for glory, for our glory! 𝄇

𝄆 Reign to make enemies fear,
Orthodox Tsar!
God, save the Tsar! 𝄇

𝄆 God, save the Emperor,
Maintain his glory,
Guard well his name and his honor. 𝄇

𝄆 May all good fortune shine
On him forever,
God, save the Emperor,
God, save the Emperor! 𝄇

{ \new PianoStaff << \new Staff \relative c' { \key f \major << { \voiceOne { c'2 \f d4 d c4. a8 f2 f'2 e4 d c2-> d-> bes c4 c a2 a4 b c2 b-> a }} \new Voice { \voiceTwo { a2 bes4 bes a4. a8 f2 d'2 c4 bes a2 a g2 g4 g f2 f4 a a2 gis a \notemode {b2 \rest} \bar ":|." }} >> } \new Staff \relative c'{ \key f \major f2 \f f4 f f4. f8 f2 bes,2 bes4 d f2-> fis-> g2 e4 e f2 f4 d e2 e2-> a,2 r2 } >> }

Influence

Many composers made use of the theme in their compositions, most notably Tchaikovsky, who quoted it in the 1812 Overture, the Marche Slave, his overture on the Danish national anthem, and the Festival Coronation March. During the Soviet era, authorities altered Tchaikovsky's music (such as the 1812 Overture and Marche Slave), substituting other patriotic melodies, such as the "Glory" chorus from Mikhail Glinka's opera A Life for the Tsar, for "God Save the Tsar".[1] Charles Gounod uses the theme in his Fantaisie sur l'Hymne National Russe (Fantasy on the Russian National Hymn). William Walton's score for the 1970 film Three Sisters, based on Chekhov's play, is dominated by the theme.

In 1842, English author Henry Chorley wrote "God, the Omnipotent!", set to Lvov's tune and published in 19th- and 20th-century hymnals as the Russian Hymn.[2] The Russian Hymn tune continues to appear in various modern English language hymnals, such as those of the United Methodist Church, the Presbyterian Church, the Lutheran Book of Worship of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, or as Russia in The Hymnal 1982 of the U.S. Episcopal Church.[3]

The same melody is also used with different lyrics for various institutional songs: Doxology of Phi Gamma Delta, "Noble Fraternity" of Phi Kappa Psi, West Chester University Alma Mater, "Hail, Pennsylvania!" (alma mater of the University of Pennsylvania),[4] "Dear Old Macalester" (alma mater of Macalester College),[5] "Hail, Delta Upsilon" (Delta Upsilon fraternity), "Firm Bound in Brotherhood" (official song of the Order of the Arrow),[6] the UST High School Hymn of the University of Santo Tomas High School in Manila,[7] and the alma mater of Texas Woman's University, Jesuit College Preparatory School of Dallas in Dallas, Texas, Westover School in Middlebury, Connecticut titled "Raise Now to Westover", Tabor Academy in Marion, Massachusetts, Dimmitt High School in Dimmitt, Texas, Grant High School in Portland, Oregon, Jesuit High School in Tampa, Florida, Windber Area High School in Windber, Pennsylvania and the former St Peter’s High School in McKeesport, Pennsylvania.

Maurice Jarre's score for the 1965 film Doctor Zhivago uses this melody in several tracks, most notably in the Overture.[8] The anthem, played by the Band of the Welsh Guards, was used as the theme music for the epic BBC television adaptation of War and Peace in 1972.[9]

In 1998, singer-songwriter Alexander Gradsky, one of the best-known rock artists during the Soviet period, proposed using the theme again as the Russian national anthem, but with substantially different lyrics from those originally written by Zhukovsky.[10]

Usage in Bulgaria

The composition was used as the royal anthem of the Principality of Bulgaria, having been imposed by the temporary Russian government and the Russian army commanders. The usage of it in Bulgaria was relinquished after the Bulgarian Declaration of Independence in 1908.[11]

See also

References
  1. "Aftershocks of 1812: Nationalism and Censorship in Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture". 13 May 2014. Archived from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  2. The Hymnal 1982. New York: Episcopal Church Publishing. 1985. p. 569.
  3. The Methodist Hymnal. Nashville, Tennessee: The Methodist Publishing House. 1966. p. 544.
  4. Hail Pennsylvania - Acapella Performance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axioaLyZP9o
  5. Dear Old Macalester - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y13-e2iEcbs
  6. Piano Performance of Firm Bound in Brotherhood - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHae1qWj5RI
  7. UST Hymn - Instrumental Guitar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-ElH_t7ILg
  8. Macdonald, Laurence E. (2013). The Invisible Art of Film Music: A Comprehensive History. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 201. ISBN 978-0810883970.
  9. "War and Peace 28 September 1972, History of the BBC". BBC.
  10. Alexander Gradsky Official Website - https://alexandergradsky.com/publication/s00_24.shtml
  11. "Химнът на България през превратностите на времето". socbg.com. Retrieved 26 July 2018.


Russian Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.