Hui'an dialect

Hui'an
Hui'an
惠安话 / 惠安話
Native to	China
Region	Mainly in Hui'an and parts of Quangang District (formerly part of Hui'an), South Fujian province.
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic[lower-alpha 1] Min Coastal Min Southern Min Hokkien Hui'an; ; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None
Linguasphere	79-AAA-jda

The Hui'an dialect (simplified Chinese: 惠安话; traditional Chinese: 惠安話; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hūi-oaⁿ-ōe), is a variety of Chinese mostly spoken in Hui'an in South Fujian Province, China. It belongs to the Hokkien subgroup of Southern Min.[4]

Phonology

The Hui'an dialect has 14 phonemic initials and over 80 finals.[5][6]

		Bilabial	Alveolar		Velar	Glottal
		Bilabial	plain	sibilant[lower-alpha 2]	Velar	Glottal
Plosive/ Affricate	tenuis	/p/ 布	/t/ 大	/ts/ 左	/k/ 歌	/ʔ/ 乌 / 烏
	aspirated	/pʰ/ 坡	/tʰ/ 兔	/tsʰ/ 菜	/kʰ/ 去
	voiced[lower-alpha 3]	/b/ 马 / 馬	/l/[lower-alpha 4] 旅		/ɡ/ 鹅 / 鵝
Fricative				/s/ 苏 / 蘇		/h/ 鱼 / 魚

The demonstrative system has five pairs of pronouns with a two-way distinction:[9][10]

Proximal	Distal	Translation
这 / 這 tsit⁷ (+ number) + numerative	彼 hit⁷ (+ number) + numerative	this/that; these/those; this/that kind of
这 / 這 tsat⁸	彼 hat⁸	this/that
这 / 這 tse²	彼 hə²	this/that kind of (generic)
遮 tsuai²	徊 huai²	these/those; this/that
种个 / 種個 tsiɔŋ^3-2 e²	响个 / 響個 hiɔŋ^3-2 e²	this/that kind of

Compared with the Quanzhou dialect (spoken in the central urban area of Quanzhou city), the greatest differences are present in the rimes:[11][12]

Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese. As such, it is likely a top-level branch of Sinitic.[1][2][3]
The alveolar sibilant phonemes /ts/, /tsʰ/ and /s/ are palatalized to [tɕ], [tɕʰ] and [ɕ], respectively, before /i/.[7]
The three voiced phonemes /b/, /l/ and /ɡ/ are realized as the nasal stops [m], [n] and [ŋ], respectively, before nasalized finals.[8][6]
The phoneme /l/ may be treated as a plosive, i.e. /d/.[7]

Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
Chen 2008, p. 568.
Chen 2011, pp. 17–22.
Hui'an County Local Chronicles Editorial Board 1998, ch. 1, sec. 1.
Chen 2011, p. 19.
Chen 2011, p. 18.
Chen 2008, pp. 569–570.
Chen 2011, pp. 96.
Zhou 2006, pp. 1138–1139.
Hui'an County Local Chronicles Editorial Board 1998.

Chen, Weirong (2008). "Relative Clauses in Hui'an Dialect" (PDF). In Chan, Marjorie K.M.; Kang, Hana (eds.). Proceedings of the 20th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-20). Columbus, Ohio: The Ohio State University. pp. 567–582.
Chen, Weirong (2011). The Southern Min Dialect of Hui'an: Morphosyntax and Grammaticalization (PhD). University of Hong Kong. doi:10.5353/th_b4642142.
Hui'an County Local Chronicles Editorial Board, ed. (1998). 惠安县志 (in Chinese). Vol. 35: 方言. Beijing: China Local Records Publishing. ISBN 7-80122-352-7. Archived from the original on 2019-02-10. Retrieved 2018-10-08.
Zhou, Changji [in Chinese], ed. (2006). 闽南方言大词典 (in Chinese). Fuzhou: Fujian People's Publishing House. ISBN 7-211-03896-9.

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