Yabutian languages

The Yabutian or Jabutian languages are two similar moribund languages of southern Rondônia, Brazil, namely Arikapú (Maxubí) and Djeoromitxi (Yabutí/Jabotí). They are members of the Macro-Je language family.

Yabutian
Jabutian
Geographic
distribution		Rondônia, Brazil
Linguistic classificationMacro-Gê
  • Yabutian
Subdivisions
Glottologjabu1249

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Yabutian language varieties.[1]

glossYabutíAricapúMashubi
one nichiowá
two yämbokrokro
three kamekü
ear hi-nĩpíchi-nipoaróchi-nipuré
tooth hi-döshi-shakriámaishambishi
hand hi-nikúchi-nuhuchi-nikaimu
woman pákopakohächininika
water bzirúbiyú
fire pichäpiköpiku
sun tõhõtöhãtadzyó
maize tsitsichichikokoví
tapir huánowöchimoré
house híköarikóerikoná

Proto-language
Proto-Jabutí
Reconstruction ofYabutian languages
Reconstructed
ancestor

Proto-Jabutí reconstructions by van der Voort (2007):[2]

Proto-Jabutí reconstructions by van der Voort (2007
glossProto-Jabutí
'kind of yam'*mu(rε)
'sun'*tõhã
'moon'(*kupa)
'water (n); liquid'*miru
'LOC'*(-)tʃε
'NOM'*h.
'BENEFICIARY'(*εnɨ̃)
'classifier (skin)'*-kakə
'AUGMENTATIVE'*-tʃitʃi
'ABL'*kunĩ
'DAT'*ri
'to remove'*kokɨ
'water, liquid'(*ɨ)
'to squeeze liquid'*ɨmĩ
'needle'*pudʒi
'to hang (up), to tie (up)'*tətʃəj
'clay for making pots and dishes'*mr(.)
'INTENS.'*(-)wεhε
'container, large leaf, bag'*təkə
'bench, mat'*nĩpraj
'belly'*prika
'shell, nutshell, bug/beetle'*kakə
'tooth'*tʃo
'mouth'*tʃa-, *tʃako
'arm, branch'*tʃapa
'to play'*hãtõj
'earring'*nĩpɨkuj
'monkey species (Callithrix jacchus)' (macaco sauim)*mihi
'robust capuchin monkey' (macaco prego)*mirə
'hair on backside (?)'*kaw
'way, path'*wɪ
'field'*rɛhi
'meat; flesh'*nĩ
'classifier (meat)'*-nĩ
'tick'*tʃitʃika
'hole; classifier (hole)'*-ko
'small basket'*pupuka
'to cry/weep/sing/shout'*mõ
'to suck'*u
'to rain'*rõko
'cicada'*piti
'clear; light (n)'*praj
'snake'*mrãj
'calango (kind of lizard)'*mrãjdʒi
'lizard genus (Tupinambis)'*tʃaurə
'to cover'*hεtʃəj(to)
'to give'*ũ
'to take away, to get, to catch'*hɨ̃j
'to eat; to bite'*ku
'to eat'*pu
'pamonha (traditional food), food; classifier (pamonha, food)'*nũ
'COMITATIVE'*pakəj
'to add; COMITATIVE'*pakə
'to give orders, to command'*mətɨ̃
'to tell, to teach'*pamo
'heart'*mə(tutu)ka
'haircut, lap/flap'*kuro
'to boil'*toto
'termite'*irε
'to heal/cure, to pray'*wi
'agouti'*təri
'finger'*nĩku
'to keep/have, to put, to stash/hide'*dʒi
'to lie (down)'(*...rãj)
'son, daughter, cub, offspring'*kraj
'son'*wikoko
'niece'*prõ
'to hurt; ill, sour/harsh, strong'*tʃomi
'to sleep'*nũtõ
'leaf, thorn; classifier (thorn)'*-nĩ
'to stretch/pull/arrange'*tə(j)təj
'liver'*mə
'cord, rope'*tʃoko
'string, cord'*tʃukə
'song/singing (?)'*tʃua
'breechcloth string'*unĩ
'tucuma palm; rope made from tucuma palm'*nũrõ
'arrow shaft'*məku
'arrow splinter'*itʃopu
'flower'*tʃawa
'tree, log, stick'*ku
'fire'*pitʃə
'ashes'*pitʃə(mrə)
'eye'*hãka(rε)
'fat, grease'*tũ(ka)
'aunt'*dʒikũ(ro)
'to put/insert; to change clothes'*tɨ̃
'INSTR.'*nə
'to go, to walk'(*kərεj)
'tayra (weasel species)' (irara, papa-mel)*mεjmia
'older sister'*tʃuhε
'new, young'*kamu
'blackbird genera (Psarocolius)' (japu, rubixá)*(a)rimu
'jug'*məro
'pot, pan, jug'*wa
'walking palm leaf'*kumɛ̃
'peach palm'*onɨ̃
'kind of indigenous frame for grilling meat or fish'*kamεkə
'to grill on a jirau'*rĩ
'knee'*mε̃pε
'tongue'*nu(ku)tə(rε)
'female, mother'*dʒi
'wife'*krajdʒi
'grandmother'*kurε
'manioc'*murε
'hand'*nĩ.u
'to chew'*pa
'to kill (by blow)'*t.mr.
'worm, larva; classifier (worm)'*-rε
'young girl'*nũnɨka
'to grind'*kũ
'mosquito'*patʃĩ
'woman'*paku
'to bathe'*tʃo
'NEG; no'*tõ
'no'*mãj
'bone'*dʒi, *i
'night'*patʃitʃu
'name'*tõhĩ
'cloud'*mε̃(ko)
'ear'*nĩpɨ
'other; companion'*tʃanãj
'to hear; to know'*mə
'egg'*(.)ε̃
'male; father'*tʃu, *tʃutʃi
'husband'*krajtʃu
'grandfather'*tʃuta
'foot'*praj
'stone'*kra
'breasts, chest'*nunɨ
'skin, leather, bark; classifier (leather, skin)'*kə
'body hair, down, hair'*kəmõ
'little'*kokə
'to throw, to lose, to drop, to spill'(*k...aj)
'to get lost'*atõ
'to weigh; heavy'*kumɨ
'neck'*poko
'peanut'*kumrε̃j
'aricuri kernel'*mətaj
'cluster of aricuri coconuts'*mətajtʃu
'Brazil nut tree'*urə
'aricuri; straw; green coconut'*urõ
'well (spring)'*kawiru
'bridge'*mirukurõ
'door'*mitʃakə
'tired'*tʃamə
'we (1pl)'*hi..., *hi-
'you (2sg/pl)'*a
'lung'*mə(ki)rɪ
'pus'*tʃu
'to burn (tr. v)'*tʃə(...)
'hot'*tʃə
'round'*ka
'classifier (round)'*-ka
'lips; spit/saliva'*tʃokə
'toad'(*.ka)
'dry'*karo
'seed, kernel'*hã
'classifier (seed, kernel)'*-hã
'to go away'*kũ
'on (top)'*tʃutʃε
'snuff, tobacco, cigarette'*padʒi
'tamanduá'(*patʃuri)
'tortoise'*mi.ku
'armadillo'*tõw
'to fear'*pɨ
'land, earth'*mĩ(ka)
'yard, square'*miku
'testicles'*nũ(.)ε̃ka
'all ('finished')'(*...tã)
'claw, nail'*nĩkətaj
'vulture'*tõtõtʃi
'deer'*kurɨj
'old'*rõjtʃi
'to see'*arã
'green'*kapɨ
'red'*nũr(ə̃)o
'to come (arrive)'*prəj
'to come back/return'*m(.)rε̃hε̃
'to want'*iro
'fish'*minũ
'slowly'*hãt.j
'reed'*kunĩkurõ
'half'*mə
'genipap fruit'*mɪ
'"right?", "isn't it?"'*nĩ
'hat'*kanũ
'Brazilian tinamou bird' (inambu relógio)*dʒui
'general term for the tinamou bird genus'*mɨkraj
'cotton'*tʃamuj
'place'*kutʃiprajka
'big cará (kind of yam)'*mutʃitʃi
'achiote'*kutʃamrəj
'to salt'*nɨ
'nettle'*nõ
'tree species (Vochysia haenkeana)' (escorrega-macaco)*hawajtε
'sticky'*kanə
'arrowleaf elephant's ear (plant)' (taioba)*m(.)rε̃
'lamp, candle, torch; tar/pitch'*hãtjə
'sugar, cane'*mεkɨ
'to pour, to flow/run, to throw'*kuhi
'yellow'*numuj
'to stir, to row; mixture'*kotʃu
'point'*nĩnũ
'hawk'*pɨ̃jkuri
'plug for the nose'*nĩkoku
'small larva'*urɨ
'aricuri larva'*tʃanõ
'hog plum (tree)' (cajá)*urənĩ
'fish poison plant' (timbó)*tanãj
'to beat (fish poison); to knock/bring down'*prõ
'stump'*prajka
'tree species (Cecropia)' (umbaúba)*tõwkuri
'to form/shape, to weave, to draw up'*pətʃa
'ingá (tree genus)'*tʃumɨ̃
'to bring/bear'*tə
'ripe, to ripen'*tʃu
'necklace'*m(.)rɨ̃(to)

For a list of Proto-Jabutí reconstructions by Nikulin (2020),[3] see the corresponding Portuguese article.

References
  1. Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
  2. van der Voort, H. (2007). Proto-Jabutí: um primeiro passo na reconstrução da língua ancestral dos Arikapú e Djeoromitxí. In Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (Ciências humanas) 2 (2):133–168. Accessed from DiACL, 9 February 2020.
  3. Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília.

Further reading
Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Jabuti reconstructions
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