List of wars involving Spain

This is a list of wars and armed conflicts fought by the Kingdom of Spain, its predecessor states or in Spanish territory.

Ancient


Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Roman conquest of Hispania (218–17 BC) Second Punic War Celtiberian Wars Lusitanian War Numantine War Sertorian War Cantabrian Wars	Roman Republic Celtic tribes vassal to Rome Cynetes Turdetani	Pre-Roman Iberia Astures Cantabri Gallaec Iberians Celts Aquitanians Arevaci Lusones Lusitanians Vaccaei Vettones Belli Titii Roman popularis exiles	Anexation of Iberian Peninsula to the Roman Empire.
Caesar's civil war (49–45 BC) Battle of Ilerda	Pompeians Optimates Numidia Ptolemaic kingdom Pontus	Caesarians Populares Mauretania	Caesarian victory.

Medieval

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Byzantine conquest of Visigothic Baetica (551–555)	Visigothic Kingdom	Byzantine Empire	Byzantine victory
Visigothic conquest of Spania (570–624)	Visigothic Kingdom	Byzantine Empire	Visigothic victory
Visigothic conquest of Córdoba (572)	Visigothic Kingdom	Byzantine Empire	Visigothic victory
Visigothic conquest of Sabaria (573)	Visigothic Kingdom	Sappi	Visigothic victory
Visigothic conquest of Cantabria (574)	Visigothic Kingdom	Cantabri	Visigothic victory
Second Visigothic–Suevic War (575–577)	Visigothic Kingdom	Kingdom of the Suebi	Visigothic victory
Visigothic–Vasconic War (581)	Visigothic Kingdom	Vascones	Visigothic victory
Third Visigothic–Suevic War (585–586)	Visigothic Kingdom	Kingdom of the Suebi	Visigothic victory
First Muslim invasion of Iberian Peninsula (650s) Military campaigns under Caliph Uthman and Arab–Byzantine wars	Visigothic Kingdom co-beligerant: Byzantine Empire	Rashidun Caliphate Arab and Berber forces	Stalemate Initial muslim victory, conquering the coastal areas of Iberian Peninula and stablishing some colonies on the coast of Spain to help the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. Areas were lost shortly after because of the general disorder in the Muslim empire, re-occupied by Visigoths.
Umayyad conquest of Hispania (710–780) Part of Early Muslim conquests	Visigothic Kingdom	Umayyad Caliphate	Umayyad victory. Start of Spanish Reconquista.
Umayyad invasion of Gaul (719–759) Part of Early Muslim conquests	Frankish kingdom Duchy of Aquitaine Lombard Kingdom Duchy of Gascony	Umayyad Caliphate Al-Andalus	Frankish victory Franks conquers Septimania after fall of Visigoths, expelling Arab-Berber settler. Umayyad Caliphate retreat permanently to Iberia after Siege of Narbonne (752–759). End of Muslim attempts to conquer Western Europe.
Battle of Covadonga (722) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Asturias	Umayyad Caliphate	Asturian victory
Berber Revolt (740–743) Part of the Fitnas and Reconquista	Berber insurgents on North Africa and Hispania Kingdom of Asturias	Umayyad Caliphate Al-Andalus (Moors) Ifriqiya (Fihrids) Syrian, Egyptian, Jordanian, Palestine junds of Bilad al-Sham	Arab victory just in al-Andalus and Ifriqiya. Establishment of several berber states on Maghreb (independence of Morocco). Alfonso I of Asturias add the northwestern provinces of Galicia and León to his kingdom and create a buffer zone in the Douro River valley (the "Desert of the Duero") The Arab element on the Iberian peninsula is increased, on detriment of berber, due to middle easterns migrants from the junds settlements (but also destabilizing the power of the governor of al-Andalus).
Al-Andalus civil war (747–756) Battle of Secunda (747) Siege of Zaragoza (754) Revolt in Zaragoza (755) Battle of Musarah (756) Part of Third Fitna and Reconquista	1st phase Supports of Abu'l-Khattar al-Husam ibn Darar al-Kalbi Qays unit Yemeni units Qahtanite units 2nd phase Supports of Abd al-Rahman Umayyad dynasty Yemeni units Revolt of Amer bin Amr al-Abdari Abbasid Basques of Pamplona	1st phase Supports of Tuwaba ibn Salama al-Judhami Banu Lakhm units Mudar units Banu Judham units Adnan units 2nd phase Supports of Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri Ma'addites Fihrids	Initial victory of the north arab faction in the 1st phase. Then of the south arab faction in the 2nd phase. The fugitive Umayyad prince, Abd al-Rahman I, stablish an independent Emirate of Córdoba. End of al-Andalus rule by governors sent from Damascus or appointed by the recommendation of the Umayyad regional governors of Ifriqiya. Christian Iberic kingdom conquers territory of the Upper March.
Abassid attempt to conquest Al Andalus (763)[1][2]	Emirate of Córdoba Umayyad dynasty	Abbasid Caliphate	Umayyad victory Al-Mansur withdrew from Spain and focus on consolidate it's authority on Persia. Abd al-Rahman I (grandson of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik) became an independent emir of Córdoba and reach the first unification of Al-Andalus (Toledo, Zaragoza, Pamplona, Barcelona), including parts of western Maghreb. Considering themselves the authentic caliphate against Abbasids pretension. Total independence of Al Andalus from the Caliphs of Baghdad. Spain never again come under the rule of an eastern caliph who rules the Muslim world.
Revolts against Emirate of Cordoba (771-774)[3]	Emirate of Córdoba	Syrians rebels under Abd al-Ghaffar Arab and Berber tribes Abd al-Rahman's enemies	Revolts supressed.
Battle of Montecubeiro (774)	Kingdom of Asturias	Galician rebels	Asturian victory
Barcelona muslim revolt (777)	Emirate of Córdoba	Arab wāli of Barcelona and Girona	Revolt supressed. Sulayman al-Arabi search for an alliance with Charlemagne at the Diet in Paderborn.
Iberian revolt in 778-779	Emirate of Córdoba Umayyad dynasty	Abbasid Caliphate Ifriqiya (Fihrids)	Umayyad victory Death of Abd al-Rahman ibn Habib al-Siqlabi, leader of the revolt. End of Abbasids' efforts to assert their rule in Al-Andalus. Also end of Fihrids prominence.
Charlemagne's campaign in the Iberian Peninsula (778–812) Battle of Roncevaux Pass (778) Siege of Barcelona (801) Siege of Tortosa (808–809)	Frankish kingdom (Carolingian Empire) Duchy of Gascony supported by: Abbasids[4]	Emirate of Córdoba (Muslim) Basques (Pagan) supported by: Banu Qasi	Initial Basque victory on the high Pyrenees. Consolidation of Omeya Rule on Al-Andalus against Abbasids. Carolingian Empire conquers the Balearic Islands and Spanish March for the Franks and the Catholic Church.
Zaragoza muslim revolt in 781-783	Emirate of Córdoba Upper March	Arab wāli of Zaragoza	Revolt supressed Husayn of Zaragoza accept a truce.
Battle of the Burbia River (791) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Defeat
Battle of Lutos (794) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Asturian victory
Battle of Las Babias (795) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Defeat
Louis the Pious' attempt to control the Marca Hispanica and Vasconia (814-824) Battle of Roncevaux Pass (824)	Carolingian Empire Basques (Gascons)	Emirate of Córdoba Basques (Navarrese, Aragonese) Qasawi Muslims (Moors)	Basque and Muslim victory Navarre and Aragon became completely independent from the power of the Frankish rulers
Viking raid on Galicia (844) Part of Viking raids on Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Asturias Kingdom of Galicia	Norwegian Vikings	Asturian victory
Viking raid on Seville (844) Part of Viking raids on Iberian Peninsula	Emirate of Córdoba Banu Qasi	Vikings of Noirmoutier Francia	Emirate of Córdoba victory
Battle of Albelda (851)	Kingdom of Asturias Duchy of Gascony West Francia	Emirate of Córdoba Banu Qasi	Defeat
Battle of Guadalacete (852) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Asturias Kingdom of Pamplona Toledo rebels	Emirate of Córdoba	Defeat
Viking raid on the Iberian coast (859) Part of Viking raids on Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Asturias	Vikings	Defeat Vikings capture and ransom King García Íñiguez of Pamplona.
Battle of the Morcuera (865) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Defeat
Battle of Polvoraria (878) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Asturian victory
First Battle of Cellorigo (882) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Asturian victory
Second Battle of Cellorigo (883) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Asturian victory
Raid of 897 against Barcelona (897) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of West Francia County of Barcelona	Emirate of Córdoba Banu Qasi	Defeat
Day of Zamora (901) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Asturian victory
Battle of San Esteban de Gormaz (917) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of León	Emirate of Córdoba	Leonese victory
Battle of Alhandic (939) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of León	Caliphate of Córdoba	Defeat
Battle of Simancas (939) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of León County of Castile	Caliphate of Córdoba	Leonese victory
Hungarian raid in Spain (942) Part of the Hungarian invasions of Europe	Caliphate of Córdoba Upper March of Al-Andalus Catalan Counties	Principality of Hungary Magyar tribes	Initial Hungarian victory. Lacking food stores and finding insufficient forage, the Hungarians retired after a few days.
Battle of Aguioncha (966)	Kingdom of Galicia	County of Portugal	Defeat Culmination of a Galician–Portuguese civil war in the Kingdom of León.
Sack of Santiago de Compostela (968) Part of Viking raids on Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Galicia	Norwegian Vikings	Defeat
Battle of Rueda (981) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of León County of Castile Kingdom of Navarre	Caliphate of Córdoba	Defeat
Battle of Cervera (1000) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of León County of Castile Kingdom of Pamplona	Caliphate of Córdoba	Defeat
Battle of Calatañazor (1002) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of León County of Castile Kingdom of Pamplona	Caliphate of Córdoba	Christian victory
Fitna of al-Andalus (1009–1031)	Muslim rebels	Caliphate of Córdoba	The caliphate crumbled in 1031 into a number of independent taifas, including the Taifa of Córdoba, Taifa of Seville and Taifa of Zaragoza.
Battle of Graus (1063) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Taifa of Zaragoza	Kingdom of Aragon	Castilian–Zaragozan victory
Crusade of Barbastro (1064) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Aragon County of Urgell Duchy of Aquitaine Papal States	Emirate of Lārida	Christian victory
Battle of Paterna (1065) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of León	Taifa of Valencia	Leonese victory
War of the Three Sanchos (1065–67)	Kingdom of Castile	Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Aragon	Castilian victory Castile annexes La Bureba, Montes de Oca and Pancorbo
Battle of Llantada (1068) Part of the Castilian–Leonese war	Kingdom of Castile	Kingdom of León	Castilian victory
Battle of Pedroso (1071)	Kingdom of Galicia	County of Portugal	Victory García II of Galicia declaring himself King of Portugal.
Battle of Golpejera (1072) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile	Kingdom of León	Castilian victory
Battle of Piedra Pisada (1084) Part of the Reconquista	Christian Aragon	Muslim Zaragoza	Defeat
Siege of Toledo[5] (1084–85) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile	Taifa of Toledo	Castilian victory
Battle of Sagrajas (1086) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of León Kingdom of Aragon	Almoravids Taifa of Seville Taifa of Badajoz Taifa of Granada Taifa of Almería Taifa of Málaga	Defeat
Siege of Toledo (1090) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile	Almoravids	Castilian victory
Siege of Valencia[5] (1092–1094) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile	Taifa of Valencia Almoravids	Castilian victory
First Crusade (1095–1099) Part of Crusades	Crusaders Kingdom of France Byzantine Empire Armenian Cilicia County of Flanders Papal States Republic of Genoa Holy Roman Empire County of Sicily Duchy of Apulia and Calabria County of Barcelona County of Roussillon Maronites	Muslims : Seljuk Empire Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate	Victory: The Crusade assists in capturing Nicaea, restoring much of western Anatolia to the Byzantine Empire The Crusaders successfully capture Jerusalem and establish the Crusader states
Battle of Bairén (1097) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Aragon Valencia under Cid's rule Kingdom of Castile	Almoravid dynasty	Aragonese/Castilian/Valencian victory
Battle of Consuegra (1097) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of León	Almoravid dynasty	Defeat
Norwegian Crusade (1107–1110) Part of the Crusades (aftermath of First Crusade) and the Reconquista	Kingdom of Jerusalem Norwegian Realm Republic of Venice	Fatimid Caliphate Almoravid Empire Taifa of Badajoz Taifa of Majorca Barbary pirates of Majorca	Crusader victory.
Battle of Uclés (1108) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of León	Almoravid dynasty	Defeat
1113–1115 Balearic Islands expedition Part of the Crusades	Republic of Pisa Catalan counties County of Provence Giudicato of Torres Papal States	Taifa of Majorca Almoravids	Christian victory
Battle of Cutanda (1120) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Aragon Duchy of Aquitaine	Almoravid dynasty	Christian victory
Battle of São Mamede (1128) Part of Kingdom of León civil war and War of Portuguese independence	Kingdom of León	County of Portugal Supported by: Kingdom of Galicia	Defeat Secession of the County of Portugal which becomes a kingdom with Afonso Henriques.
Siege of Oreja (1139) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Galicia Kingdom of León Kingdom of Toledo (Christians)	Almoravids (Muslims)	Christian victory
Battle of Cerneja (1139) Part of War of Portuguese independence	Kingdom of León	County of Portugal	Defeat
Battle of Valdevez (1140) Part of War of Portuguese independence	Kingdom of León	County of Portugal	Defeat The Treaty of Zamora (1143) recognized Portuguese independence from the Kingdom of León.
Baussenque Wars (1144–62)	County of Barcelona County of Provence Vicomté d'Albi et de Carcassonne	County of Toulouse County of Foix Lords of Baux	Victory for Catalan party.
Second Crusade (1147–50) Part of Crusades	Kingdom of Jerusalem Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Castile County of Barcelona Kingdom of León Byzantine Empire Kingdom of England	Seljuk Empire Emirate of Zengids Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate Almoravids	Status quo ante bellum Decisive Seljuk Turks victory in Anatolia Decisive Crusader victories in Iberia
Siege of Santarém (1184)	Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of León	Almohad Caliphate	Victory Pope Alexander III formally recognized Afonso I as rex Portugalensium
Third Crusade (1189–92) Part of Crusades	Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Hungary Republic of Genoa Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of León Republic of Pisa Kingdom of Denmark Angevin Empire Kingdom of Jerusalem Armenian Cilicia	Sunni Muslim: Ayyubid Sultanate Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm Almohad Caliphate Shia Muslim: Nizari Ismaili state(the Assassins) Eastern Christian opponents: Byzantine Empire Cyprus	Treaty of Jaffa (1192) Crusader military victory. Recognition of the territorial status quo at the end of active campaigning, including continued Muslim control of Jerusalem and the restoration of the Levantine Crusader States. Crusaders capture Cyprus and the Kingdom of Cyprus is established. Conquest of Alvor and siege of Silves by Portuguese on Iberian Peninsula.
Battle of Alarcos (1195) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Order of Santiago Order of Évora	Almohad Caliphate	Defeat
Albigensian Crusade (1209 – 1229) Part of Crusades	Cathars Churches Faidit County of Toulouse Viscounty of Béziers and Albi County of Valentinois Lordship of Séverac Marquisate of Provence Viscounty of Béarn County of Astarac Crown of Aragon County of Foix County of Comminges Viscounty of Carcassonne Lordship of Menèrba Lordship of Tèrmes Lordship of Cabaret Lordship of Montsegúr Kingdom of England	Crusaders: Catholic Church Crusader volunteers Episcopal Inquisition Dominican Order Militia of the Faith of Jesus Christ Hospitallers of the Holy Spirit Knights of Saint George Papal States Kingdom of France Duchy of Burgundy Duchy of Brittany County of Nevers County of Auxerre County of Saint-Pol Viscounty of Donges Viscounty of Torèna English volunteers County of Aurenja County of Provence-Forcalquier Duchy of Austria Duchy of Berg Electorate of Cologne	Defeat Languedoc, which until then was still under the influence of Catalonia and the Aragonese, definitively entered in French hands and they were incorporated into their sphere of influence as conquered Royal Domains. The crusade leads to the definitive separation between the Occitans, to the north, and the Catalans, to the south. Extinction of Catharism and instauration of Holy Inquisition to France and all Catholic Christendom.
Siege of Al-Dāmūs (1210) Part of the Reconquista	Crown of Aragon Knights Hospitaller Knights Templar	Almohad Caliphate	Christian victory
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Navarre Order of Santiago Order of Calatrava Knights Templar French volunteers Leonese volunteers	Almohad Caliphate	Christian victory 100,000 Muslims killed[6] 25–30 Christians killed[6]
Battle of Muret (1213) Part of the Albigensian Crusade	Crown of Aragon County of Toulouse County of Comminges County of Foix Viscounty of Carcassonne	Crusaders Kingdom of France	French-Crusader victory
Conquest of Majorca (1228–31) Part of the Reconquista	Crown of Aragon Marseille Narbonne Republic of Genoa Knights Templar Order of Malta	Almohad Caliphate territory of Majorca	Aragonese victory
Siege of Burriana (1233) Part of the Reconquista	Crown of Aragon Knights Hospitaller Knights Templar Senyoria d'Albarrasí	Taifa of Valencia	Aragonese victory
Siege of Córdoba (1236) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile	Moors	Castilian victory
Battle of the Puig (1237) Part of the Reconquista	Crown of Aragon	Taifa of Valencia	Aragonese victory Conquest of Valencia
Great Interregnum[7] 1245/50–1273/5	Hohenstaufen party Frederick II (1245–50) Conrad IV (1245–54) Alfonso X of Castile (1257–75) Rudolf of Habsburg (1273–5)	Welf party Henry of Thuringia (1246–7) William II of Holland (1247–56) Richard of Cornwall (1257–72) Ottokar II of Bohemia	Compromise Unanimous election of Rudolf of Habsburg in 1273 Alfonso X of Castile renounced claim in 1275
Siege of Jaén (1245–1246) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Order of Santiago	Taifa of Jayyān (جيان) Emirate of Granada	Castilian victory
Siege of Seville (1247–48) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Order of Santiago Knights Templar Knights Hospitaller Order of Calatrava	Almohad Caliphate Taifa of Niebla	Castilian victory
Seventh Crusade (1248–54)	Kingdom of France Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Jerusalem Knights Templar Knights Hospitaller	Ayyubids Bahris	Defeat Status quo ante bellum
Mudéjar revolt (1264–1266) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Aragón Order of Calatrava Order of Santiago	Muslim (Mudéjar): Lower Andalusia Murcia Emirate of Granada	Rebellion defeated. Expulsion of Muslim populations. Payment of tribute from Granada to Castile.
Siege of Albarracín (1284) Part of the War of the Castilian Succession (1284–90)	Kingdom of Aragón	House of Lara Señorío de Albarracín	Aragonese victory
Eighth Crusade (1270)	Kingdom of France Kingdom of Aragon Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Navarre County of Luxembourg Scottish volunteers	Hafsid dynasty	Inconclusive due to Death of Louis IX of France Withdrawal of Crusaders from Tunisia Treaty of Tunis Opening of trade with Tunis
Battle of Écija (1275) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile	Marinid Sultanate Emirate of Granada	Defeat
Battle of Algeciras (1278) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Order of Santa María de España	Marinid Sultanate Emirate of Granada	Defeat
Siege of Algeciras (1278–1279) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Order of Santa María de España	Marinid Sultanate Emirate of Granada	Defeat
Battle of Moclín (1280) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Order of Santa María de España	Emirate of Granada	Defeat
War of the Sicilian Vespers (1282–1302) Part of Aragonese Crusade	Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Trinacria Byzantine Empire	Angevin Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of France Kingdom of Majorca Papal States	Aragonese victory Division of the kingdom of Sicily into Aragonese Trinacria and Angevin Naples, Aragonese Crusade defeated
Battle of Malta (1283) Part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers	Crown of Aragon	Kingdom of Naples	Aragonese victory
Battle of the Gulf of Naples (1284) Part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers	Crown of Aragon	Kingdom of Naples	Aragonese victory
Aragonese Crusade (1284–85)	Crown of Aragon	Papal States Kingdom of France Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Majorca Lordship of Albarracín Republic of Genoa	Aragonese victory
Battle of Les Formigues (1285) Part of the Aragonese Crusade	Kingdom of Sicily Crown of Aragon	France Republic of Genoa	Aragonese victory
Battle of the Col de Panissars (1285) Part of the Aragonese Crusade	Crown of Aragon	Kingdom of France	Aragonese victory
Battle of the Counts (1287) Part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers	Crown of Aragon	Kingdom of Naples Papal States	Aragonese victory
Battle of Iznalloz (1295) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Order of Calatrava	Emirate of Granada	Defeat
Battle of Cape Orlando (1299) Part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers	Crown of Aragon	Kingdom of Sicily	Aragonese victory
Battle of Ponza (1300) Part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers	Crown of Aragon	Kingdom of Naples Supported by: Republic of Genoa	Aragonese victory
Siege of Algeciras (1309–10) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Order of Santiago Order of Calatrava	Emirate of Granada	Defeat
Second Siege of Gibraltar (1315) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile	Emirate of Granada	Castilian victory
Battle of Picotin (1316)	Kingdom of Majorca	Principality of Achaea	Catalan victory
Battle of Manolada (1316)	Kingdom of Majorca	Burgundians	Defeat
Shepherds' Crusade (1320)	Kingdom of France Crown of Aragon Civilians (especially Jews)	French peasant crusaders	Franco–Aragonese victory Crusaders dispersed
Aragonese conquest of Sardinia (1323–26)	Crown of Aragon Giudicato of Arborea	Republic of Pisa Republic of Genoa House of Doria	Aragonese victory Conquest of Pisan Sardinia by the Crown of Aragon, annexation of Sassari and creation of the Kingdom of Sardinia
Siege of Villa di Chiesa (1323–24) Part of the Aragonese conquest of Sardinia	Crown of Aragon Giudicato of Arborea	Republic of Pisa	Aragonese victory
Battle of Lucocisterna (1324) Part of the Aragonese conquest of Sardinia	Crown of Aragon	Republic of Pisa	Aragonese victory
Battle of Teba (1330) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile	Emirate of Granada	Castilian victory
Genoese–Catalan War (1330–36)	Crown of Aragon	Republic of Genoa	Status quo ante bellum
Luso-Castillian War (1336–37) Battle of Villanueva de Barcarrota (1336)	Crown of Castile	Kingdom of Portugal	Castilian victory
Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) Edwardian Phase Caroline Phase Lancastrian Phase	France Burgundian State (1337–1419 and 1435–53) Kingdom of Scotland Crown of Castile Republic of Genoa Kingdom of Bohemia Crown of Aragon Avignon Papacy[lower-alpha 1]	Kingdom of England Burgundian State (1419–35) Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Navarre Ghent Rebels[lower-alpha 2] Papal States[lower-alpha 3]	French Victory
English Channel naval campaign (1338–39) Part of the Hundred Years' War	Kingdom of France Genoese mercenaries Castilian mercenaries	Kingdom of England County of Flanders	Indecisive
Battle of Río Salado (1340) Part of the Reconquista	Crown of Castile Kingdom of Portugal	Marinid Sultanate Emirate of Granada	Portuguese-Castilian victory 400,000 Muslims killed[8][9][10] 20 Christians killed[8]
War of the Breton Succession (1341–65) Part of the Hundred Years' War	House of Châtillon-Blois Kingdom of France Kingdom of Castile	House of Dreux-Montfort Kingdom of England	Stalemate Treaty of Guérande
Battle of Estepona (1342) Part of the Reconquista	Crown of Aragon	Marinid Sultanate	Aragonese victory
Siege of Algeciras (1342–1344) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Republic of Genoa Kingdom of Aragon Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Navarre European crusaders	Marinid Sultanate Emirate of Granada	Castilian victory
Battle of Llucmajor (1349)	Crown of Aragon	Kingdom of Majorca	Aragonese victory Annexation of the Kingdom of Majorca
Battle of Winchelsea (1350) Part of the Hundred Years' War	Kingdom of Castile	Kingdom of England	Defeat
Siege of Alghero (1354) Part of the Venetian–Genoese wars	Republic of Venice Crown of Aragon	Republic of Genoa	Aragonese victory Occupation of Alghero
War of the Two Peters (1356–75) Part of the Hundred Years' War	Crown of Castile With the support of: Kingdom of England Republic of Genoa Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Granada	Crown of Aragon With the support of: Henry of Trastámara Kingdom of France	Indecisive Overthrowing of Peter I of Castile
Battle of Linuesa (1361) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Jaén Order of Calatrava	Emirate of Granada	Castilian victory
Battle of Guadix (1362) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Jaén Order of Calatrava	Emirate of Granada	Defeat
Castilian Civil War (1366–69) Part of Hundred Years' War	Forces of Pedro of Castile Kingdom of England Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Granada	Forces of Henry of Trastámara Kingdom of France Crown of Aragon	Victory for Henry of Trastámara
Siege of León (1368) Part of the Castilian Civil War	Crown of Castile – Henry's side	Crown of Castile – Pedro's side	Victory for Henry of Trastámara
Battle of Montiel (1369) Part of the Castilian Civil War	Castilians Granada	Castilians France	Franco-Castilian victory
Siege of Algeciras (1369) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile	Emirate of Granada	Defeat
First Fernandine War (1369-1370) Part of the Fernandine Wars	Crown of Castile	Kingdom of Portugal Supported by: Crown of Aragon	Castilian victory
Battle of La Rochelle (1372) Part of the Hundred Years' War	Crown of Castile	Kingdom of England	Castilian victory
Second Fernandine War (1372-1373) Part of the Fernandine Wars	Crown of Castile	Kingdom of Portugal	Castilian victory
War of the Bands (1375–1500)	Oñacinos Beaumonteces Crown of Castile	Gamboínos Agramonteses Kingdom of Navarre	Stalemate Expulsion of feudal lords by brotherhoods. Emergence of the General Assembly of Gipuzkoa. Strengthening of royal authority. End of civil wars until Spanish conquest of Navarra.
Third Fernandine War (1381–82) Part of the Fernandine Wars	Crown of Castile	Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of England	Castilian victory Castilian supremacy in the Atlantic Ocean Treaty of Elvas 1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum
1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum (1383–1385) Part of the Hundred Years' War	Crown of Castile Supported by: Kingdom of France Crown of Aragon	Kingdom of Portugal Supported by: Kingdom of England	Defeat Consolidation of Portuguese independence
Crusade of Nicopolis (1396) Part of Crusades	Crusade: Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Bohemia Duchy of Savoy Kingdom of France[11] Duchy of Burgundy Kingdom of Hungary[11] Voivodship of Transylvania Kingdom of Croatia[11] Principality of Wallachia[12] Knights Hospitaller[11] Republic of Venice[11] Republic of Genoa Bulgarian Empire[13] Polish Crown Crown of Castile Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Navarre Teutonic Knights Byzantine Empire Kingdom of England[14][15] County of Cilli District of Branković	Ottoman Empire Moravian Serbia[16]	Defeat End of the Second Bulgarian Empire
Crusade of Tedelis (1398) Part of Crusades and Western Schism	Crown of Aragon Antipope Benedict XIII forces	Kingdom of Tlemcen Kingdom of France	Aragonese Victory Successfull revenge for the Sack of Torreblanca Continuation of Avignon line of anti-Popes.
Bona crusade (1399) Part of Crusades	Crown of Aragon	Hafsid Dynasty	Defeat Treaty of Tunis (1403)
Conquest of the Canary Islands (1402–96)	Crown of Castile	Guanches	Castilian victory
Battle of Collejares (1406) Part of the Reconquista	Crown of Castile	Emirate of Granada	Castilian victory
Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War (1407–35) Part of the Hundred Years' War	Armagnac party	Burgundian party England	Treaty of Arras Armagnac and Burgundian reconciliation
Battle of Sanluri (1409)	Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Sicily	Giudicato of Arborea Republic of Genoa	Aragonese victory
Conquest of Ceuta (1415)	Kingdom of Portugal	Marinid Sultanate	Portuguese victory and anexation of Ceuta for christians
Siege of Ceuta (1419)	Kingdom of Portugal	Marinid Sultanate Emirate of Granada	Portuguese victory
Battle of La Rochelle (1419) Part of the Hundred Years' War	Crown of Castile	Kingdom of England Hanseatic League	Castilian victory
Castilian–Aragonese War (1429–30)	Crown of Castile	Crown of Aragon	Castilian victory
Battle of La Higueruela (1431) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile	Nasrid dynasty	Castilian victory
Irmandiño revolts (1431–69) Part of Castillian Civil War	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Portugal Supported by: Andrade, Lemos and Moscoso families	Galician rebels	Castilian victory
Navarrese Civil War (1451–55)	Forces of Charles IV of Navarre Crown of Castile	Forces of John II of Aragon Crown of Aragon County of Foix	Victory for John II of Aragon
Battle of Los Alporchones (1452) Part of the Reconquista	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Murcia	Emirate of Granada	Castilian victory
Enrique IV war of Granada (1455–58)	Crown of Castile	Emirate of Granada	Inconclusive
Catalan Civil War (1462–72) War of the Remences Mieres uprising	Principality of Catalonia Crown of Castile Kingdom of Portugal	Forces of John II of Aragon Kingdom of France	Victory for John II of Aragon
War of the Castilian Succession (1475–79)	Isabella Supporters Crown of Aragon	Juana Supporters Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of France	Peace Treaty Isabella is recognised as Queen of Castile Marriage of Isabella of Aragon and Afonso of Portugal Portugal gains hegemony in the Atlantic south of the Canary Islands Portugal recognizes Castile's claim to the Canary Islands
Battle of Guinea (1478) Part of the War of the Castilian Succession	Crown of Castile	Kingdom of Portugal	Defeat
Ottoman conquest of Otranto (1480–81)	Kingdom of Naples Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Hungary Papal States Kingdom of Portugal[17]	Ottoman Empire	Victory Ottomans conquer Otranto and gain foothold in Southern Italy Ottoman garrison surrender the city after 13 months
Granada War (1482–92) Part of the Reconquista	Castile–Aragon Union Military Orders European crusaders	Emirate of Granada	Victory Granada annexed by Castile Treaty of Granada (1491) Start of Nasrid–Ottoman relations.
Mad War (1485–1488)	Duchy of Lorraine Duchy of Brittany Lordship of Albret Principality of Orange County of Angoulême Supported by: Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of England Kingdom of Castile-León	Kingdom of France	Defeat
French-Breton War (1487–1491)	Duchy of Brittany Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of England Kingdom of Castile-León	Kingdom of France	Defeat Anne of Brittany marries Charles VIII of France

Catholic Monarchy

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
First Italian War (1494–1498) Battle of Seminara	League of Venice: Papal States Republic of Venice Kingdom of Naples Kingdoms of Spain Duchy of Milan Holy Roman Empire Republic of Florence Duchy of Mantua Kingdom of England (from 1496)	Kingdom of France Swiss mercenaries Duchy of Milan (before 1495)	Victory Forced French retreat
Spanish conquest of Haiti[18] (1494–1509)	Crown of Castile	Taínos	Victory
Conquest of Melilla (1497) Part of Spanish campaigns in the Maghreb (1497-1535)	Castile and Aragon	Wattasid dynasty	Victory
Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1499–1501)	Castile–Aragon Union Kingdom of Granada	Muslims of Granada	Victory Rebellion defeated Mass forced conversions of all Muslims in Granada
Second Ottoman–Venetian War (1499–1503) Siege of the Castle of Saint George	Republic of Venice Castile and Aragon	Ottoman Empire	Defeat Venetian strongholds of Modon and Coron fall to the Ottomans Cephalonia and Ithaca to Venice
Second Italian War (1499–1501)	Kingdom of France Papal States Republic of Venice Castile and Aragon	Duchy of Milan Kingdom of Naples	Victory, French victory over Duchy of Milan French control of the Duchy of Milan
Ottoman raid on the Balearic Islands (1501)	Castile and Aragon	Ottoman Empire Supported by: Moriscos	Victory
Third Italian War (1502–1504) Battle of Ruvo Battle of Seminara Battle of Cerignola Battle of Garigliano	Castile and Aragon	Kingdom of France	Victory Louis XII of France ceded Naples to Ferdinand II of Aragon Division of Northern and Southern Italy between France and Spain
Spanish crusade[19] (1503–12) Capture of Mers-el-Kébir Battle of Mers-el-Kébir Conquest of the Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera Spanish conquest of Oran Spanish conquest of Tripoli Spanish assault on Djerba Capture of Béjaïa Part of Spanish campaigns in the Maghreb (1497-1535)	Crown of Castile Crown of Aragon	Kingdom of Tlemcen Hafsid dynasty Hafsids of Béjaïa Wattasid dynasty	Victory Start of Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515-1577 for the control of Algeria, Tunisia and Mediterranean Sea.
War of the League of Cambrai (1508–16) Battle of Ravenna Battle of La Motta	1508–10: Venice 1510–11: Papal States Venice 1511–13: Holy League: Papal States Venice Spain Holy Roman Empire England Swiss mercenaries 1513–16: Papal States Spain Holy Roman Empire England Duchy of Milan Swiss mercenaries	1508–10: League of Cambrai: Papal States France Holy Roman Empire Spain Duchy of Ferrara 1510–11: France Duchy of Ferrara 1511–13: France Duchy of Ferrara Scotland Florence 1513–16: Venice France Duchy of Ferrara	Defeat
Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre (1512–1529)	Castile and Aragon	Kingdom of Navarre France	Victory Navarre south of the Pyrenees annexed to Crown of Castile under the Spanish Monarchy. A small portion of Navarre north of the Pyrenees, Lower Navarre, along with the neighbouring Principality of Béarn survived as an independent kingdom, which passed by inheritance to French monarchs.
Spanish conquest of Puerto Rico[18] (1508–1511)	Crown of Castile	Taínos	Victory
Spanish conquest of Cuba[18] (1511–13)	Crown of Castile	Taínos	Victory
Taíno rebellion of 1511 (1511–13)	Crown of Castile	Taínos of Boriken and allies from The Antilles	Victory

Habsburg Spain

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515-1577 Algiers expedition (1516) Algiers expedition (1519) Capture of Peñón of Algiers Battle of Formentera Siege of Coron Conquest of Tunis (1534) Conquest of Tunis (1535) Sack of Mahón Siege of Castelnuovo Battle of Preveza Battle of Girolata Algiers expedition Siege of Tripoli (1551) Capture of Béjaïa (1555) Siege of Oran (1556) Raid of the Balearic islands (1558) Expedition to Mostaganem (1558) Battle of Djerba Great Siege of Malta Capture of Tunis (1569) Battle of Lepanto Conquest of Tunis (1574)	Ottoman Empire Ottoman Egypt Ottoman Libya Ottoman Tunisia Ottoman Algeria Supported by: France	Spanish Empire Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily Supported by: Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Burgundy Duchy of Savoy Malta Republic of Genoa Papal States Republic of Florence Hafsid Kingdom	Inconclusive In North Africa: Ottoman victory In Mediterranean: Spanish Victory
Spanish-Algerian war (1516-1518) Capture of Algiers Algiers expedition Battle of Oued Djer Expedition to the Moulouya Siege of Tlemcen Part of Spanish campaigns in the Maghreb (1497-1535) and Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515-1577	Spain Spanish Oran Kingdom of Tlemcen	Regency of Algiers Kingdom of Kuku	Hispano-Zayyanid Victory Khayr al-Din renounced the title of Sultan of Algiers. Then contacted Selim I, offering his allegiance as Beylerbey and obtained Ottoman assistance for the next year.
Spanish-Ottoman War (1518-1519) Fall of Tlemcen Algiers expedition Spanish assault on Djerba Part of Spanish campaigns in the Maghreb (1497-1535) and Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515-1577	Spain Spanish Oran Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Kuku	Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers	Stalemate: Hayreddin Barbarossa recaptured Tlemcen in December 1518 and is made Beylerbey in 1521. King of Kuku annexes Algiers and reigns there for several years.
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire (1519–21) The Night of Sorrows Fall of Tenochtitlan	Spanish conquistadores Indian auxiliaries Tlaxcala Cempoala	Aztec Empire	Victory Aztec empire is annexed to Spanish Empire
Revolt of the Brotherhoods (1519–23)	Empire of Charles V	Germanies	Royalist victory
Revolt of the Comuneros (1520–21) Battle of Villalar	Empire of Charles V	Castilian rebels	Royalist victory
Italian War of 1521–1526 (1521–1526) Battle of Pampluna Battle of Noain-Esquiroz Battle of Noáin Battle of Bicocca Siege of Genoa Battle of Sesia Italian campaign of 1524–1525 Battle of Pavia	Spain Holy Roman Empire England Papal States (1521–1523 and 1525–1526)	France Swiss mercenaries Republic of Venice Papal States (1524–1525) Marquisate of Saluzzo	Habsburg Victory Capture of Francois I of France
Battle of Mactan (1521) Part of Magellan expedition	Spain Rajahnate of Cebu	Kedatuan of Mactan	Defeat Visayan kingdom of Mactan Island forces kills Magellan.
1521 Santo Domingo Slave Revolt (1521)	Spain	African slaves	Victory
Tidore-Ternate conflicts (1521–1667)[20][21] Spanish Jailolo-Portuguese Ternate war of 1533 Spanish conquest of Ternate of 1606[22][23]	Sultanate of TidoreSupported by: Spain Spanish East Indies Ternatean supporters of Spanish rule (since 1606) Jailolo Sultanate (until 1536) Sultanate of Bacan (1521-1557; 1583–1609)	Sultanate of Ternate Jailolo Sultanate (since 1551) Supported by: Portuguese Empire (until 1605) Portuguese India Portuguese Malacca Portuguese Macau Portuguese Indonesian colonies Dutch Empire (since 1605) Dutch East Indies Sultanate of Bacan (1557-1583; 1609–1667)	Stalemate
Spanish conquest of Chiapas (1523–1695)	Spain	Zoque people Chiapaneca people Independent Maya, including: Lakandon Chʼol people Tojolabal people Tzotzil people	Victory Incorporation of Chiapas into the Viceroyalty of New Spain and the Captaincy General of Guatemala.
Spanish conquest of Yucatán (1523–1547)	Spain	Mayan tribes	Victory
Spanish conquest of El Salvador (1524–1539)	Spain Indian auxiliaries	Indigenous peoples of El Salvador, including: Chʼortiʼ Maya people Lenca people Mangue people Matagalpa people Pipil people Poqomam Maya people Xinca people	Victory
Spanish conquest of Guatemala (1524–1667)	Spain	Independent indigenous kingdoms and city-states	Victory
War of the League of Cognac (1526–30) Sack of Rome Battle of Capo d'Orso Battle of Landriano Siege of Florence	Spain Holy Roman Empire Republic of Genoa (1528–1530) Duchy of Ferrara Duchy of Mantua (1528–1530)	France Swiss mercenaries Papal States Swiss Guards Republic of Venice Republic of Florence Kingdom of England Republic of Genoa (1526–1528) Kingdom of Navarre Duchy of Milan	Victory
Ottoman–Habsburg wars (1526–1791) Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515-1577 Capture of Peñón of Algiers Siege of Vienna Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528 Balkan campaign of 1529 Battle of Formentera Little War in Hungary Siege of Coron Conquest of Tunis (1535) Sack of Mahón Siege of Castelnuovo Battle of Girolata Battle of Alboran Algiers expedition Capture of Mahdia Siege of Oran Ottoman raid of the Balearic islands Expedition to Mostaganem Battle of Djerba Sieges of Oran and Mers El Kébir Great Siege of Malta Battle of Lepanto Conquest of Tunis (1574) Long Turkish War Battle of Cape Corvo Battle of Cape Celidonia Great Turkish War	Habsburg Dynasty: Holy Roman Empire Archduchy of Austria Kingdom of Bohemia Republic of Genoa Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Croatia Spanish Empire Non-Habsburg allies: Moldavia Transylvania Wallachia Tsardom of Russia Cossack Hetmanate (Muscovite and Polish vassals) Holy League Allies: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Duchy of Mantua Republic of Venice Order of Saint John	Ottoman Empire Vassals: Moldavia Transylvania Wallachia Cossack Hetmanate (Doroshenko's faction) Crimean Khanate	Victory End of Ottoman expansion Decline of both the Ottoman and Habsburg empires
Hungarian Civil War (1526-1538) Part of Habsburg–Ottoman wars in Hungary and Austro-Turkish War (1529-1533)	Western Hungarian Kingdom Hungarian loyals to Ferdinand I Kingdom of Croatia[24] Supported by: Holy Roman Empire Empire of Charles V Spain Archduchy of Austria Papal States Serbian rebels	Eastern Hungarian Kingdom Hungarian and Croats loyals to John I Voivode of Transylvania Supported by: Ottoman Empire Serbian Despotate Wallachia Moldavia Ottoman Hungary Kingdom of France	Stalemate Hungary was divided into larger Ottoman and smaller Habsburg spheres of influence, as well as a semi-independent Hungarian vassal state of Transylvania. Treaty of Nagyvárad divided Hungary between them. Ferdinand recognized Zápolya as John I, King of Hungary and ruler of two-thirds of the Kingdom, while Zápolya conceded the rule of Ferdinand over western Hungary, and recognized him as heir to the Hungarian throne, since Zápolya was childless.
Espadán Rebellion (1526)	Spain	Morisco	Crown victory
First Austro-Turkish War (1529-1533) 1st Ottoman siege of Vienna	Empire of Charles V Spain Archduchy of Austria Holy Roman Empire Electorate of the Palatinate Kingdom of Bohemia Papal States	Ottoman Empire Moldavia Ottoman Hungary Eastern Hungarian Kingdom	Stalemate Truce of Constantinople (1533). There would be no real peace treaty in the entire sixteenth century. Habsburg-Ottoman sporadic battles continue.
Spanish-Ottoman War (1529–1541) Capture of Peñón of Algiers (1529) Campaign of Cherchell (1531) Siege of Coron Conquest of Tunis (1534) Conquest of Tunis (1535) Spanish expedition to Tlemcen (1535) Sack of Mahón Pulya Campaign Battle of Preveza Siege of Castelnuovo Invasion of Gibraltar (1540) Battle of Girolata Algiers expedition (1541) Part of Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515-1577	Empire of Charles V Spain Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sardinia Republic of Genoa County of Flanders Holy Roman Empire Papal States Kingdom of Portugal Knights of Malta Kingdom of France (until 1534) Hafsid dynasty Kingdom of Kuku Kabyle people	Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers Ottoman Tunisia Kingdom of Tlemcen Banu Rashid Arab irregulars Kingdom of France (since 1535)	Stalemate Mostly victories for Ottoman raids, by Hayreddin Barbarossa on Mediterranean sea. Spaniards couldn't install a client Zayyanid prince on the throne in Tlemcen. Algiers is under fully Ottoman control After Habsburg forces conquer the fortress of Monastir, Sousse, Hammamet and Kelibia, Spaniards make Tunisia, under Muley Hassan of the Hafsid dynasty, a Client state.
Ternatean–Portuguese conflicts (1530–1605) Revolt of Dayal (1533-1536) Jailolo war Spanish expedition to the Moluccas of 1602-1603 Dutch conquest of Tidore	Portuguese Empire Portuguese East Indies Ternateans loyals to Portuguese protectorate Spain (since 1580) Spanish East Indies Sultanate of Tidore Sultanate of Bacan	Sultanate of Ternate Sultanate of Jailolo Spain (from 1533 to 1536) Spanish East Indies Sultanate of Tidore Dutch Empire (since 1605) Dutch East India Company	Defeat The Portuguese settlers with their families were forced to leave Tidore for Manila. Stablisment of Dutch-Ternate alliance against Iberian alliance. Response with the Spanish expedition to the Moluccas of 1606.
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire (1531–72) Battle of Punta Quemada Battle of Puná Battle of Cajamarca Battle of Vilcaconga Battle of Cuzco Battle of Maraycalla Battle of Mount Chimborazo Siege of Cuzco Siege of Lima Battle of Ollantaytambo Battle of Abancay Battle of Las Salinas Battle of Chupas Battle of Iñaquito Battle of Huarina Battle of Jaquijahuana	Spanish conquistadores Province of Tierra Firme (until 1537) Governorate of New Castile (until 1542) Governorate of New Toledo (until 1542) Viceroyalty of Peru (since 1542) Indian auxiliaries Cañaris Huancas Huaylas Chachapoya Tlaxcalans Nicaraguas Collaborist Inca nobility Huáscarist Neo-Inca State (until 1536) Catholized Incas	Inca Empire (until 1535) Atahualpist Neo-Inca State (since 1536) Pagan resistance	Victory Former Inca lands, after death of Atahualpa, are incorporated into Viceroyalty of Peru. Start of Civil wars between the conquerors of Peru Vilcabamba Inca firms Treaty of Acobamba, thus making a Translatio imperii of the Mascapaicha rights, to rule the "Reynos del Perú" [Tahuantinsuyo], from Vilcabamba Incas to the Spanish Kings as heirs of Atahualpa rights. Exploration and conquest of the various dominions and towns of South America by Spain from the Kingdom of Peru.
Yaqui Wars (1533–1929) Part of Mexican Indian Wars	Spanish Empire (until 1821) New Spain Mexico (since 1821) United States (since 1896)	Yaqui	Stalemate Mexican-American victory
Iguape War (1534–1536)	Spanish Empire Indian auxiliaries Carijós Guaianás	Portuguese Empire Brazilian colonial forces	Defeat Spaniards retreat from the region of São Vicente, São Paulo
Italian War of 1536–1538 (1536–1538)	Holy Roman Empire Spain Swiss mercenaries	Kingdom of France Ottoman Empire	Defeat Truce of Nice Savoy and Piedmont acquired by France
Civil wars between the conquerors of Peru (1537–1554) Great Encomenderos Rebellion	Royalists Viceroyalty of Peru	Pizarrists (New Castile) Almagrists (New Toledo) Gonzalists Encomendero	Royalist Victory Governorate of New Castile and Governorate of New Toledo are replaced by Viceroyalty of Peru. Effective establishment of royal authority, to the detriment of the power acquired by the Encomenderos. Effective promulgation of the New Laws to protect natural rights of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Consolidation of Derecho indiano.
Spanish conquest of the Muisca (1537–1540) Part of Spanish conquest of Colombia	Spain Province of Tierra Firme Klein-Venedig Governorate of New Castile Indian auxiliaries Zipazgos of the south	Muisca Confederation Guecha warriors	Victory Muisca Confederation becomes part of the Spanish Empire Foundation of the New Kingdom of Granada after vassal the indigenous peoples of the territory.
Third Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–40) Part of Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515-1577 and Italian War of 1536–1538	Holy League: Republic of Venice Spain Republic of Genoa Papal States Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily Knights of Malta	Ottoman Empire France (until 1538)	Defeat
Spanish expedition to North America (1539–1543) Battle of Mabila	Spain New Spain	Northern Utina Coosa chiefdom Tuskaloosa Chickasaw	Defeat
Grijalva expedition to the equatorial Pacific (1539–42)	Spain New Spain Governorate of New Castile	Hostile Indigenous peoples Spanish mutineers	Inconsclusive due to the loss of the ship in New Guinea.
Revolt of Ghent (1539–1540)	Empire of Charles V	Citizens of Ghent	Victory Building of the Castle of the Spaniards (Spanjaardenkasteel)
Mixtón War (1540–42) part of Mexican indian war	Spain New Spain	Caxcanes	Victory
Tiguex War (1540–41) Part of Mexican indian war	Spain New Spain	Tiwa Indians	Victory
Second Austro-Turkish War (1540-1547) Part of Habsburg–Ottoman wars in Hungary (1526-1568) and Croatian–Ottoman wars	Habsburg monarchy Archduchy of Austria Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Croatia Holy Roman Empire Bohemia Duchy of Styria Duchy of Carniola Spain Spanish Italy Papal States	Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Wallachia Moldavia Ottoman Hungary Eastern Hungarian Kingdom France	Defeat Truce of Adrianople (1547) Ferdinand I of Austria and Charles I of Spain recognized total Ottoman control of Hungary.
Conquest of Chile (1541–1598) Part of Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire (theatre of Qullasuyu)	Spanish Empire Governorate of New Toledo (until 1542) Viceroyalty of Peru (since 1542) Captaincy General of Chile Indian auxiliaries	Indigenous peoples in Chile	Establishment of the Captaincy General of Chile after incorporating the territories up to the Biobío River, avoiding incorporating hostile indigenous people. Beginning of the Arauco War.
Italian War of 1542–1546 (1542–1546) Siege of Perpignan Siege of Nice Battle of Muros Block of Genoa Battle of Ceresole Battle of Serravalle Part of Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515-1577	Spain Holy Roman Empire Saxony Brandenburg Kingdom of England	France Swiss mercenaries Ottoman Empire Jülich-Cleves-Berg	Inconclusive Treaty of Crépy and Treaty of Ardres
Spanish expedition to Tidore and Papuan Islands of Ruy López de Villalobos (1542–1543)	Spain Spanish East Indies Sultanate of Tidore	Pirates' nest Gebe on Papuan Islands	Pirric Victory
1st Communero Rebellion of Paraguay (1544)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of Rio de la Plata and Paraguay	Communero rebels	Defeat Establishment of Domingo Martínez de Irala as governor by popular election of the Encomenderos.
Arauco War (1546–17th or 18th century) Battle of Quilacura Battle of Andalien Battle of Penco Battle of Tucapel Battle of Marihueñu Battle of Peteroa Battle of Mataquito Battle of Lagunillas Battle of Millarapue Battle of Quiapo Siege of Concepción Battle of Angol Battle of Catirai Battle of Curalaba Destruction of the Seven Cities	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Captaincy General of Chile Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata (since 1777) Indian auxiliaries: Yanaconas Indios reyunos Mapuche allies (Boroano, etc.) Other Cacicazgos	Indigenous people from Araucania and Patagonia: Mapuche Huilliche Cuncos Pehuenche Other tribes	Defeat Spanish Empire renounces the domination of the territories south of the Biobío River and recognizes the independence of the Mapuche tribes of the place. «La Frontera» appears, as a border area between the Captaincy General of Chile and the territory of the Mapuche tribes. Successive peace parliaments between the Spanish Empire and the Mapuche tribes during the conflict.
Schmalkaldic War (1546–47)	Empire of Charles V: Spain Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Saxony Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Bohemia and other Lands of the Bohemian Crown	Schmalkaldic League: Electorate of Saxony Hesse Electorate of the Palatinate Bremen Lübeck Brunswick-Lüneburg Other German territories	Victory Capitulation of Wittenberg: Schmalkaldic League dissolved, Saxon electoral dignity passed to the Albertine House of Wettin
Bayano Wars (1548–82)	Spain Peru New Kingdom of Granada	Slaves	Victory
Chichimeca War (1550–90) Part of Mexican indian war	Spain New Spain Indian auxiliaries (Tlaxcalteca, Caxcan, Otomí, Mexica, Purépecha)	Chichimeca (Zacateco, Guachichil, Guamare, Pame)	Defeat
Spanish-Ottoman War (1550–1560) Capture of Mahdia Siege of Tripoli Campaign of Tlemcen (1551) Capture of Béjaïa Raid of the Balearic islands Expedition to Mostaganem Battle of Djerba Part of German-Ottoman war 1550-1562, Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515-1577 and Conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and Morocco	Spain Knights of Malta Saadi Sultanate	Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers Regency of Tunis Kingdom of Beni Abbas Kingdom of Kuku	Defeat Béjaïa under Ottoman rule. Ottomans capture Tripoli. Mahdia was abandoned by Spain. Ottomans temporarily occupy parts of the Balearics. Ottoman supremacy on Mediterranean sea seizured until Battle of Lepanto.
Italian War of 1551–1559 (1551–1559) War of Parma Siege of Mirandola Battle of Marciano Battle of St. Quentin Battle of Gravelines	Spanish Empire Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of England Republic of Florence Duchy of Savoy	Kingdom of France Swiss mercenaries Republic of Siena Ottoman Empire Papal States	Victory Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis Spain is confirmed as the dominant power in Italy France renounces its claim in Italy but wins the Three Bishoprics (Metz, Toul and Verdun) in Lorraine and the Pale of Calais from England.
Second Schmalkaldic War (1552–55)	Empire of Charles V: Spain Holy Roman Empire	Electorate of Saxony Hesse Duchy of Prussia Electorate of Brandenburg Principality of Bayreuth Kingdom of France	Defeat Extension of the rights of German electors (Cujus regio, ejus religio) Treaty of Passau (1552) Peace of Augsburg (1555) Abdication of Charles V The bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun pass to France Cancellation to Spanische Sukzession
Third Austro-Turkish War (1552–1559) Battle of Szeged Siege of Temeswar Part of German-Ottoman war 1550-1562 and Habsburg–Ottoman wars in Hungary (1526-1568)	Holy Roman Empire Bohemia Habsburg monarchy Archduchy of Austria Kingdom of Hungary Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (until 1556) Spain Spanish Italy	Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Wallachia Moldavia Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (since 1556) Kingdom of France	Stalemate Treaty of Constantinople (1562) Banat became part of the Ottoman Empire.
Bandeirantes raids from Brazil to Spanish domains (1557–18th century)	Spain Viceroyalty of Peru Viceroyalty of New Granada (since 1717) Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata (since 1777)	Bandeirantes from Colonial Brazil	Stalemate The Amazon is divided between Spain and Portugal with the Treaty of Madrid (1750), as both countries compromissed to stop and punish bandits expeditions from bandeirantes.
Spanish-Ottoman War (1559–1565)[25] Battle of Djerba Sieges of Oran and Mers El Kébir Sack of Granada Great Siege of Malta Part of Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515-1577	Spain Spanish Italy Kingdom of Sicily Knights of Malta Duchy of Savoy Republic of Genoa Grand Duchy of Tuscany Papal States	Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers Regency of Tunis Kingdom of Beni Abbas Kingdom of Kuku Kingdom of France	Victory Dragut dies in action leading to conflict between remaining Ottoman generals Myth of Ottoman Invincibility in Europe destroyed
Calchaquí Wars (1560–1667) Part of Spanish conquest of Argentina	Spanish Empire Peru Real Audiencia of Charcas	Diaguita Confederation	Victory Conquest of Tucuman.
French Wars of Religion (1562–98) Battle of Arques Battle of Ivry Siege of Paris Siege of Rouen Siege of Caudebec Battle of Craon Battle of Blaye Siege of Morlaix Siege of Fort Crozon	Catholics: Catholic League Spain Portugual Duchy of Savoy	Protestants: Huguenots England Scotland Navarre Kingdom of France (since 1588)	Inconclusive Uneasy truce The Edict of Nantes granted the Huguenots substantial rights in certain areas Paris and other defined territories were declared to be permanently Catholic Failure of France's enemies to weaken France and to gain territories
Spanish-Chiriguana War (1564–17th century)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of Santa Cruz de la Sierra Governorate of Paraguay	Ava Guaraní people	Victory Conquest of Eastern Bolivia for the Real Audiencia of Charcas.
Spanish assault on French Florida (1565)	Spain	Kingdom of France French Florida Huguenots	Victory
Spanish conquest of the Philippines (1565–1575) Capture of Cebu Battle of Manila (1570) Battle of Bangkusay Channel Siege of Cainta (August 1571) Battle of Manila (1574)	Spain Allied Visayan forces Indian auxiliaries from Mexico (mostly Tlaxcalans)[26]	Rajahnate of Maynila Macabebe Rajahnate of Tondo Rahjanate of Cebu	Victory Establishment of the Captaincy General of the Philippines by Miguel López de Legazpi.
Spanish–Moro conflict (1565–1900) Battle of Cebu (1569) Spanish-Moro Incident (1570) Limahong campaign (1574–1576) Battle of Manila (1574) Castilian War (1578) Jolo Jihad (1578–1580) Cotabato Revolt (1597) Spanish-Moro Incident (1602) Basilan Revolt (1614) Kudarat Revolt (1625) Battle of Jolo (1628) Sulu Revolt (1628) Lanao Lamitan Revolt (1637) Battle of Punta Flechas (1638) Sultan Bungsu Revolt (1638) Mindanao Revolt (1638) Lanao Revolt (1639) Sultan Salibansa Revolt (1639) Corralat Revolt (1649) Spanish-Moro Incident (1876)	Spanish Empire Captaincy General of the Philippines	Sultanate of Sulu Sultanate of Maguindanao Confederation of sultanates in Lanao Supported by: Sultanate of Ternate Bruneian empire Ottoman Empire	Failure to conquer the Moros
Philippine revolts against Spain (1567–1872) Dagami revolt (1567) Tagalog Revolt (1574) Pampanga Revolt (1585) Tondo Conspiracy (1587) Dingras Revolt (1589) Cagayan Revolt (1589) Magalat revolt (1596) Igorot revolt (1601) Sangley Rebellion (1603) Caquenga's Revolt (1607) Irraya or Gaddang Revolt (1621) Tamblot uprising (1621-1622) Bankaw revolt (1621–1622) Itneg Revolt (1625–1627) Second Chinese Insurrection (1639–1640) Ladia Revolt (1643) Sumuroy Revolt (1649–1650) Maniago Revolt (1660–1661) Malong Revolt (1660–1661) Almazan Revolt (January 1661) Chinese Revolt (1662) Panay Revolt (1663) Zambal Revolt (1681–1683) Dagohoy Rebellion (1744–1829) Agrarian Revolt (1745) Silang Revolt (1762–1763) Palaris Revolt (1762–1765) Basi Revolt (1807) Novales Revolt (1823) Palmero Conspiracy (1828) Pule Revolt (1840–1841) Cavite mutiny (1872)	Spain New Spain Filipino loyalists	Filipino rebel groups Muslim resistance British supporters Bruneian and Ottoman supporters Japanese and Chinese supporters	Victory Most revolts failed
Spanish expeditions to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu (1567–1606)	Spanish Empire Peru Philippines	Hostile inhabitants of Polynesia	Stalemate Failed colonization attempts due to disease and belligerence of the inhabitants, as well as war crimes by explorers that discouraged the enterprise.
Battle of Maracapana (1567/68)	Spain Indian auxiliaries Jirajaran	Kalinago	Decisive Spanish victory, dissolution of the Caribbean alliance and flight of the chief Guaicaipuro to Suruapo to be assassinated in 1569.
Battle of San Juan de Ulúa (1568)	Spain New Spain	England	Victory
Blockade of Cebu (1568) Portuguese–Spanish colonial rivalry	Spain Filipino loyalists	Portuguese Empire	Victory
Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) Western Europe Battle of Oosterweel Battle of Dahlen Battle of Heiligerlee Battle of Jemmingen Battle of Jodoigne Capture of Brielle Siege of Mons Relief of Goes Sack of Mechelen Siege of Middelburg Siege of Haarlem Siege of Alkmaar Capture of Geertruidenberg Siege of Leiden Battle of Delft Capture of Valkenburg Battle of Mookerheyde Siege of Oudewater Siege of Schoonhoven Siege of Zierikzee Sack of Antwerp Battle of Gembloux Battle of Rijmenam Siege of Deventer Battle of Borgerhout Siege of Maastricht Capture of Mechelen Siege of Steenwijk Battle of Kollum Capture of Breda Battle of Noordhorn Siege of Niezijl Siege of Lochem Siege of Lier Siege of Eindhoven Battle of Steenbergen Capture of Aalst Fall of Antwerp Siege of IJsseloord Battle of Empel Battle of Boksum Siege of Grave Siege of Venlo Capture of Axel Destruction of Neuss Siege of Rheinberg Battle of Zutphen Siege of Sluis Siege of Bergen op Zoom Capture of Geertruidenberg Capture of Breda Siege of Zutphen Siege of Deventer Capture of Delfzijl Siege of Knodsenburg Siege of Hulst Siege of Nijmegen Siege of Rouen Siege of Caudebec Siege of Steenwijk Siege of Coevorden Siege of Geertruidenberg Siege of Coevorden Siege of Huy Siege of Groenlo Battle of the Lippe Siege of Calais Siege of Hulst Battle of Turnhout Siege of Rheinberg Siege of Meurs Siege of Groenlo Siege of Bredevoort Capture of Enschede Capture of Ootmarsum Siege of Oldenzaal Siege of Lingen Siege of Schenckenschans Siege of Zaltbommel Siege of Rees Battle of Nieuwpoort Siege of Rheinberg Siege of Ostend Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch Siege of Grave Mutiny of Hoogstraten Siege of Sluis Siege of Lingen Siege of Groenlo Siege of Aachen Siege of Jülich Siege of Bergen op Zoom Battle of Fleurus Siege of Breda Siege of Groenlo 2nd 's-Hertogenbosch Battle of the Slaak Capture of Maastricht Siege of Leuven Siege of Schenkenschans Siege of Breda Siege of Venlo Battle of Kallo Siege of Hulst European Waters Battle of Flushing Battle of Borsele Battle of Haarlemmermeer Battle on the Zuiderzee Battle of Reimerswaal Battle of Lillo Battle of Bayona Islands Battle of the Gulf of Almería Islands Voyage Battle of the Narrow Seas Battle of Sluis Battle of Gibraltar (1607) Battle of Gibraltar (1621) Battle off Lizard Point Action of 18 February 1639 Action of 18 September 1639 Battle of the Downs Battle of Cape St. Vincent Americas Recapture of Bahia Battle in the Bay of Matanzas Capture of Saint Martin Battle of San Juan Battle of Abrolhos Attack on Saint Martin Action of 12–17 January 1640 Dutch expedition to Valdivia East Indies Battle of Playa Honda First Battle of San Salvador Second Battle of San Salvador Battles of La Naval de Manila Battle of Puerto de Cavite	Spanish Empire Spanish Netherlands New Spain Peru Holy Roman Empire Portuguese Empire (since 1580) State of Brazil	United Provinces Dutch East Indies Dutch West Indies England Nassau France	Defeat Peace of Münster Independence of the Dutch Republic Spanish retention of the Southern Netherlands
Morisco Revolt (1568–1571)	Spain Kingdom of Granada	Morisco rebels With the support of: Regency of Algiers Wattasid dynasty	Victory
Spanish-Ottoman War (1569–1580)[25] Capture of Tunis (1569) Battle of Lepanto Siege of Navarino (1572) Conquest of Tunis (1574) Part of Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515-1577	Spain Spanish Italy Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sardinia Knights of Malta Duchy of Savoy Republic of Genoa Grand Duchy of Tuscany Republic of Venice Papal States Hafsid dynasty	Ottoman Empire Egypt Eyalet Regency of Tunis Regency of Algiers Kingdom of Beni Abbas Kingdom of Kuku	Pirric Victory Stop of the Ottoman advance in Europe after the end of it's naval superiority. But lost of spanish conquests in North Africa. Division of the Mediterranean sea into areas of influence: western for Spain (from Iberian Peninsula to Italy) and eastern for the Ottomans (From the Balkans to Anatolia, and North Africa). End of the Spanish-Ottoman proxy conflict for the control of the Mediterranean Sea and Maghreb since 1515.
Fourth Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573) Battle of Lepanto (1571) Part of Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515-1577	Holy League: Republic of Venice Spain Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Naples Papal States Republic of Genoa Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Urbino Duchy of Savoy Knights of Malta	Ottoman Empire	Defeat Cyprus under Ottoman rule
Castilian War (1578) Part of Ottoman-Habsburg Wars on Southeast Asia and Spanish-Moro Wars	Spanish Empire Spanish Philippines Indian auxiliaries from Mexico and Peru Bruneians who defected to Spain	Bruneian Empire Sultanate of Sulu Maguindanao Supported by: Ottoman Empire[27] Turks, Egyptians, Swahilis, Somalis, Sindhis, Gujaratis, and Malabars forces Sultanate of Aceh	Status quo ante bellum Bruneian military Victory to seizure it's independence from Spanish Empire. Becoming a city-state until today. Spanish tactical Victory in ending Bruneian empire at sea and it's influence on Philippines.
Expeditions to Chile hostile to Spain during the colony (1578–18th century)	Spanish Empire Captaincy General of Chile	European Pirates and Corsairs (mostly English, Dutch and French)	Stalemate Mostly repelled
Second Desmond Rebellion (1579–1583) Siege of Carrigafoyle Castle Siege of Smerwick	FitzGeralds of Desmond Spain Papal States allied Irish clans	Kingdom of England Kingdom of Ireland allied Irish clans	Defeat Famine throughout Munster Plantation of Munster
War of the Portuguese Succession (1580–1583) Battle of Alcântara Capture of Oporto Battle of Salga Battle of Ponta Delgada Conquest of the Azores	Spain Portugal loyal to Philip of Spain	Portugal loyal to Prior of Crato France England Dutch Republic	Victory The Iberian Union: Acquisition of the Kingdom of Portugal and its colonial possessions by Philip II of Spain
Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1580–89) Part of Ottoman–Portuguese confrontations	Iberian Union Council of Portugal	Ottoman Empire	Victory Portuguese control in the South East African coast restored and Mir Ali Bey captured
1582 Cagayan battles (1582)	Spain New Spain Spanish Philippines Indian auxiliaries from Mexico (mostly Tlaxcalans)[28]	Wokou (Japanese, Chinese, and Korean pirates)	Victory
Cologne War (1583–88)	Ernst of Bavaria Prince-Elector, Cologne, 1583–1612 House of Wittelsbach Free Imperial City of Cologne Philip of Spain, and for him: House of Farnese House of Isenburg-Grenzau House of Mansfeld (main line) House of Berlaymont-Flyon and others	Gebhard, Truchsess von Waldburg, Prince-Elector, Cologne 1578–1588 House of Neuenahr-Alpen House of Waldburg House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken House of Nassau House of Solms-Braunfels and others	Victory
Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) Battle of San Juan de Ulúa Battle of São Vicente Battle of Cornwall Battle of Santo Domingo Battle of Cartagena de Indias Raid on St. Augustine Singeing the King of Spain's Beard Spanish Armada Spanish Armada in Ireland Watts' West Indies and Virginia expedition Blockade of Western Cuba Raid on Puerto Caballos Action of Faial Action of San Mateo Bay Capture of Recife Raleigh's El Dorado Expedition Action off Bermuda Battle of Las Palmas Capture of Santiago Preston–Somers Expedition Battle of the Guadalupe Island Battle of San Juan Battle of Pinos Capture of Cádiz 2nd Spanish Armada 3rd Spanish Armada Battle of San Juan English Armada Raid on Tabasco Battle of Flores Battle of Flores Capture of Portobello Battle of Sesimbra Bay Battle of Puerto Caballos Raid on Santiago de Cuba Battle of the Gulf of Cadiz	Spanish Empire Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Naples Duchy of Parma Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Savoy Duchy of Castro Order of Saint John	Kingdom of England United Provinces	Indecisive Status quo ante bellum Treaty of London
Revolt of the Lakans (1587–1588)	Spanish Empire Spanish encomenderos	Tondo Settlement Tagalog maginoos	Victory Tondo dissolved and became a direct territory under the Spanish Empire
Brittany Campaign (1590–1598) Part of Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) and French Wars of Religion	Spanish Empire Catholic League	Kingdom of France Huguenots Kingdom of England	Inconclusive Spaniards retreated after Peace of Vervins.
Cambodian–Spanish War (1593–97)	Spanish Empire Philippines Mexican recruits Kingdom of Portugal Cambodian allies Japanese mercenaries	Cambodia Supported by: Ayutthaya Kingdom Johor Sultanate (Muslim Malay merchants) Kingdom of Champa (Muslim Cham merchants)	Defeat
Long Turkish War (1593–1606) includes Bocskai uprising	Holy Roman Empire Habsburg Monarchy Saxony Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Ferrara Duchy of Mantua Duchy of Savoy Knights of St. Stephen Kingdom of Hungary[29] Kingdom of Croatia[29] Duchy of Carniola Principality of Transylvania Wallachia Moldavia France Spain Spanish Netherlands Spanish Italy Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Naples Zaporozhian Cossacks Serbian hajduks Papal States	Ottoman Empire Khanate of Crimea	Inconclusive Peace of Zsitvatorok
Irish Nine Years' War (1594–1603) Siege of Kinsale Battle of Castlehaven	Alliance of Irish clans Spain Scottish Gaelic mercenaries	Kingdom of England Kingdom of Ireland	Defeat Treaty of Mellifont (1603) Flight of the Earls (1607)
Franco-Spanish War (1595–1598) Battle of Fontaine-Française Siege of Le Catelet Siege of Doullens Siege of Calais Siege of Amiens Part of French Wars of Religion and Eighty Years' War	Spanish Empire	Kingdom of France Huguenots Kingdom of England Dutch Republic	Defeat Peace of Vervins
Acoma War (1598–99)	Spanish Empire New Spain	Acoma	Victory
Spanish-Portuguese conflict on China (1598–1600)	Spanish Empire El Piñal Captaincy General of the Philippines	Portuguese Empire Macau Portuguese India	Defeat End of Spain's attempts to circumvent the restrictions placed on them from reaching China. Portuguese monopoly on the 16th century China trade seizured.
Apache–Mexico Wars (1600–1915) Part of Mexican Indian Wars and American Indian Wars	Crown of Castile (1600–1716) Spain (1716–1821) Mexico (1821–1915) United States (1850–1924) Confederate States (1861–1865)	Apache	Spanish/Mexican victory
Navajo Wars (1600–1866) Part of American Indian Wars	Crown of Castile (1600–1716) Spain (1716–1821) Mexico (1821–1848) United States (1849–1866)	Navajo	United States victory Navajo moved to reservations and United
Acaxee Rebellion (1601–1603)	Spanish Empire New Spain	Acaxee Indians	Victory
Igorot revolt (1601)	Spanish Empire Filipino loyalists (Pangasinan, Kapampangan)	Igorot people rebel forces Bontoc Ibaloi Ifugao Ibilao	Defeat
Dutch–Portuguese War (1602–63) Recapture of Bahia Battle of Abrolhos Siege of Salvador Action of 12–17 January 1640 Part of Eighty Years' War	Kingdom of Portugal Brazilian colonial forces Portuguese Angola Supported by: Spanish Empire (until 1640) Kingdom of Cochin Ming China Hormuz Potiguara Tupis	Dutch Republic Dutch East Indies Dutch West Indies Dutch Brazil Supported by: Kingdom of England (until 1640) France (until 1640) Johor Sultanate Ternate Ayutthaya Kingdom of Kandy Sitawaka Jaffna Kingdom of Kongo Kingdom of Ndongo Rio Grande Tupis Nhandui Tarairiu Tribe	Pirric Victory Treaty of Hague Formation of the Dutch Empire Causes of Portuguese Restoration War against Spain. Portuguese-Spanish victory in South America and Africa Dutch victory in the east
Sangley Rebellion (1603)	Spanish Empire New Spain Spanish East Indies Japanese mercenaries	Chinese rebels Sangley	Victory
Antarctic Expedition of the Armada del Mar del Sur to the South Seas and Terra Australis (1603)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Captaincy General of Chile	Dutch corsairs	Inconclusive First western sightings of Antarctica Peruvian presence on Antarctica.
Spanish-Barbary Wars (1605–1792) Battle of Hammamet Action of 29 June 1609 Action of May 1612 Action off La Goulette (1615) Action of 3 October 1624 Battle of Larache (1631) Battle of Maâmora (1631) Siege of Oran and Mers el-Kébir (1675-1678) Siege of Maâmora (1681) Siege of Larache (1689) Sieges of Ceuta (1694–1727) Siege of the Peñón de Vélez (1702) Siege of Oran (1707–1708) Spanish conquest of Oran (1732) Action of 28 November 1751 Battle of Cape Palos (1758) Siege of Melilla (1774–1775) Invasion of Algiers (1775) Bombardment of Algiers (1783) Bombardment of Algiers (1784) Siege of Ceuta (1790–1791) Algerian reconquest of Oran and Mers el-Kébir (1790-92)	Spanish Empire Spanish Italy Supported by: Papal States Kingdom of France Knights Hospitaller Kingdom of Sicily Tuscany Kingdom of Portugal	Barbary Coast Regency of Algiers Regency of Tunis Sultanate of Morocco Supported by: Ottoman Empire Barbary pirates Great Britain	Stalemate and mostly Status quo ante bellum
Spanish conquest of Ternate and Jailolo (1606–1611)	Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies Filipino loyalists (Boholanos) Sultanate of Tidore Japanese mercenaries	Sultanate of Ternate Jailolo Sultanate Moro people Dutch Empire Dutch East India Company	Victory Sultan Saidi Berkat captured by Pedro Bravo de Acuña and exiled to Manila. Mole Majimu took over or received back a number of territories previously held by Ternate, such as parts of Makian, Mayu island, and a section of Morotai. Start of Spanish-Ternatean conflicts until 1660s, through Mudafar Syah I proclamation of Sultan of Ternate with Dutch recognization. The island was divided between the two powers: the Spaniards were allied with Tidore and the Dutch with their Ternaten allies. Spanish colonization until 1663.
Japanese insurrection in Philippines (1606)	Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies	Japanese in the Philippines	Inconclusive
War of the Jülich Succession (1609–1614) Siege of Aachen	1610: Supporting Emperor Rudolf: Holy Roman Empire Principality of Strasbourg Prince-Bishopric of Liège 1613–1614: Supporting Wolfgang William: Spain Palatinate-Neuburg Catholic League	1610: Opposed to Emperor Rudolph: Margraviate of Brandenburg Palatinate-Neuburg United Provinces Kingdom of France England Protestant Union 1613–1614: Supporting John Sigismund: Margraviate of Brandenburg United Provinces England Protestant Union	Victory Treaty of Xanten Cleves-Mark and Ravensberg to John Sigismund.[30] Jülich-Berg and Ravenstein to Wolfgang William.[30] Wesel under Spanish control.[31]
Spanish-Ottoman War (1610–1614)[25] Battle of Cape Corvo	Spain Spanish Italy Kingdom of Sicily	Ottoman Empire Egypt Eyalet Regency of Tunis	Spanish victory
War of the Montferrat Succession (1613–1617) Spanish-Savoian War (1615–1617)[25]	Supporting the Duke of Mantua: Duchy of Mantua Montferrat Tuscany (1613) Spanish Empire France (1613–14) Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Naples Genoa	Supporting the Duke of Savoy: Duchy of Savoy Montferrat Tuscany (1613) France (1615–17) Venice	Victory Peace of Asti
Dutch-Ternatean invasions of Spanish Tindore (1613-1614)	Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies Sultanate of Tidore	Dutch Empire Dutch East India Company Sultanate of Ternate Sultanate of Bacan	Victory Dutch presence on Tidore Island ended in 1621.
Conquest of La Mamora (1614)	Spain	Saadi dynasty	Victory
Uskok War (1615–1617)	Kingdom of Croatia Spanish Empire Kingdom of Naples Holy Roman Empire	Republic of Venice United Provinces England	Victory Treaty of Madrid (1617) Many Uskok pirates executed or exiled Start of Spanish-Venetian War (1617–1621)
Battle of Cape Celidonia (1616)	Spanish Empire	Ottoman Empire	Victory
Spanish-Venetian War (1617–1621)[25][32] Battle of Ragusa	Spanish Empire Kingdom of Naples	Republic of Venice	Inconclusive due to Conspiracy of Venice.
Tepehuán Revolt (1616–1620)	Spanish Empire New Spain	Tepehuánes	Victory
Spanish-Ottoman War (1618–1619)[25]	Spanish Empire	Ottoman Empire	Inconclusive
Thirty Years' War (1618–48) Bohemian Revolt Battle of White Mountain Spanish conquest of the Palatinate Siege of Bad Kreuznach Capture of Oppenheim Capture of Bacharach Battle of Wimpfen Battle of Höchst Siege of Heidelberg Capture of Mannheim Siege of Frankenthal Siege of Rheinfelden Battle of Nördlingen Part of Eighty Years' War	1618–1625 Holy Roman Empire Electorate of Bavaria Catholic League Spanish Empire Saxony 1625–1629 Holy Roman Empire Catholic League 1630–1635 Holy Roman Empire Catholic League Spanish Empire 1635–1648 Holy Roman Empire Spanish Empire Supported by: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Papal States	1618–1625 Bohemia Electorate of the Palatinate Transylvania United Provinces England Ottoman Empire 1625–1629 Denmark–Norway United Provinces England 1630–1635 Sweden Saxony Brandenburg-Prussia 1635–1648 France Sweden Supported by: Tsardom of Russia	Defeat
Spanish conquest of Petén (1618–1697)	Spain	Independent Maya, including: Itza people Kowoj people Kejache people Yalain people Lakandon Chʼol people Manche Ch'ol people	Victory Incorporation of the Petén Basin into the Captaincy General of Guatemala.
Valtellina War (1620–26) Part of Thirty Years' War	Papal States Holy Roman Empire Spain	France The Three Leagues Venice Savoy	Defeat France prevents Habsburg total control of Valtellina
Tamblot Uprising (1621)	Spanish Empire Filipino loyalists	Pagans forces (mostlyBoholanos) lidered by the babaylan Tamblot	Victory Repression against Filipino shamans.
Spanish-Siam War (1624–1636)[33][34][35]	Iberian Union Spanish East Indies Council of Portugal Macau Goa Malacca	Siam Dutch East India Company	Defeat Dutch hegemony on Southeast Asia.
First Genoese–Savoyard War (1625) Part of Thirty Years' War	Spain Republic of Genoa	Kingdom of France Duchy of Savoy	Victory France surrenders its claims on Savoy and withdraws its troops from the Piedmont and the Republic of Genoa, stipulated by the Treaty of Monzón[36][37] Reconquest of some territories in the French Riviera by the combined forces of Spain and the Republic of Genoa[38]
Anglo-Spanish War (1625–30) Part of Thirty Years' War	Spain	England United Provinces	Victory[39] Treaty of Madrid Spain seeks and signs peace treaty with England in light of imminent war with France Treaty of Madrid, similar to previous Anglo-Spanish treaty although somewhat less strict regarding trade
Spanish expedition to Formosa (1626)	Spanish East Indies Spanish East Indies	Kingdom of Middag	Victory Spanish establishment in Formosa until Dutch conquest in 1642.
War of the Mantuan Succession (1628–31) Battle of Veillane Part of Thirty Years' War	Supporting the Duke of Guastalla: Holy Roman Empire Spain Duchy of Savoy	Supporting the Duke of Nevers: France Republic of Venice	Defeat Duke of Nevers recognized as ruler of Mantua
Salt Tax Revolt (1631–34)	Spain	Biscayan rebels	Victory
Franco-Spanish War (1635–59) Battle of Les Avins Crossing of the Somme Battle of Tornavento Siege of Saint-Omer Siege of Fuenterrabía Battle of Getaria Relief of Thionville Siege of Salses Battle of Cádiz Battle of La Marfée Battle of Honnecourt Battle of Rocroi Battle of Orbetello Battle of Lens Action of 23 November 1650 Battle of Bordeaux Capture of Fort Rocher Battle of Arras Battle of Valenciennes Siege of Dunkirk Battle of the Dunes Part of Thirty Years' War	Spanish Empire Spanish Netherlands Spanish Italy Modena and Reggio (1635–46) Holy Roman Empire (until 1648) English Royalists (from 1657)	France Dutch Republic (until 1648) Duchy of Savoy Duchy of Modena (1647–1649 and 1655–1659) Duchy of Parma (1635–1637) Commonwealth of England (1654–59) Principality of Catalonia (from 1640) Kingdom of Portugal (1640–59)	Defeat Treaty of the Pyrenees
Spanish campaigns in Lanao (1637–1639) Spanish occupation of Jolo	Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies	Confederate States of Lanao Supported by: Dutch Empire	Defeat Failure of the conquest and Christianize the Maranao people
Piedmontese Civil War (1639–42) Siege of Turin Part of Thirty Years' War and Franco-Spanish War	Spain Prince Thomas faction	France Regency faction	Stalemate
Catalan Revolt (1640–59) Battle of Cambrils Battle of Montjuïc Naval Battle of Tarragona Battle of Tarragona Battle of Montmeló Siege of Perpignan Battle of Barcelona Battle of Lerida Siege of Lleida Siege of Barcelona Part of Thirty Years' War and Franco-Spanish War	Spain	Principality of Catalonia France	Victory Revolt crushed Treaty of the Pyrenees County of Roussillon and the northern half of Cerdanya ceded to France
Portuguese Restoration War (1640–68) Siege of São Filipe Battle of Montijo Battle of Vilanova Siege of Badajoz Battle of the Lines of Elvas Siege of Arronches Battle of Ameixial Siege of Évora Battle of Castelo Rodrigo Battle of Montes Claros Battle of the Berlenga Part of Thirty Years' War and Franco-Spanish War	Castile and Aragon	Kingdom of Portugal Supported by: France (1641–59)[40] Kingdom of England (after 1662)[41]	Defeat Treaty of Lisbon Charles of Spain recognizes the sovereignty of the House of Braganza over Portugal and its colonial possessions[42] Portugal cedes Ceuta to Castile
Neapolitan Revolt (1647–48) Part of Thirty Years' War and Franco-Spanish War	Spain	Neapolitan Republic France	Victory Revolt crushed
The Fronde (1648–1653) Part of The General Crisis and Franco-Spanish War	Parlements (1648–1649) Princes of the Blood (1650–1653) Parti Dévot Spanish Empire[43]	Kingdom of France	Defeat Revolt suppressed and instauration of Absolutism in France.
Communera rebellion of Paraguay (1649–1650)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of the Río de la Plata	Paraguayan comunero rebels	Victory
Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60) Siege of Santo Domingo Invasion of Jamaica Raid on Málaga Battle of Cádiz Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife Battle of Ocho Rios Battle of Rio Nuevo Part of the Franco-Spanish War	Spain	Commonwealth of England	Defeat Treaties of Madrid (1667 and 1670) Acquisition of Jamaica, the Cayman Islands, Dunkirk and Mardyck by the Commonwealth of England
VOC-Tidore war (1653-1654)	Sultanate of Tidore Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies	Dutch East India Company	Inconclusive
Mapuche uprising of 1655 (1655–1656) Part of Arauco War	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Captaincy General of Chile	Mapuche rebels	Defeat Beginning of a ten-year period of warfare between the Spanish and the Mapuche, led by Mestizo Alejo. Start a civil war among the Spanish due to the deposition of Acuña from Royal Governor of Chile.
Chinese piracy incursions and rebellions to the Philippines (1662–63)	Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies	Koxinga's Chinese-Japanese pirate forces	Inconclusive Koxinga's forces raided effectively several towns in the Philippines, but demanded tribute from the colonial government never accomplished and threatened invasion cancelled due to his death. Spanish forces withdrawal from Spanish Formosa, Tidore, south Ternate, Mindanao. Then, permanently abandon their colony in the Maluku Islands and their fortress on Zamboanga, being an important factor in the Spanish failure to conquer the Muslim Moro people
War of Devolution (1667–68)	Spanish Empire Spanish Netherlands Triple Alliance: Dutch Republic Kingdom of England Swedish Empire	France	Defeat Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668) France gains Armentières, Bergues, Charleroi, Kortrijk, Douai, Veurne, Lille, Oudenaarde and Tournai
Spanish–Chamorro Wars (1670–99)	Spanish Empire	Chamorros	Victory
Franco-Dutch War (1672–78) Siege of Maastricht Siege of Bonn Siege of Besançon Battle of Seneffe Battle of Stromboli Battle of Augusta Battle of Palermo Siege of Cambrai Siege of Ypres Battle of Saint-Denis	Dutch Republic Holy Roman Empire (from 1673) Electorate of Brandenburg-Prussia Lorraine Spain (from 1673) Spanish Netherlands Denmark–Norway England (1678)	France Sweden England (1672–74) Bishopric of Münster (1672–1673) Archbishopric of Cologne (1672–1673)	Defeat Treaty of Nijmegen: France gains Franche-Comté Treaty of Westminster
Second Genoese–Savoyard War (1672–73)	Republic of Genoa Supported by: Spain	Duchy of Savoy	Victory Status quo ante bellum
Chepo expedition (1679)	Spanish Empire New Spain Captaincy General of Guatemala Viceroyalty of Peru New Kingdom of Granada	England Piracy	Defeat. Looting and then burning the town of Chepo, Panama.
Pueblo Revolt (1680)	Spanish Empire New Spain	Puebloans	Defeat Expulsion of Spanish settlers
Combat of San Marcos de Arica (1681)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Captaincy General of Chile	England Piracy	Victory
Spanish-Brandenburg War (1680-1682) Action of 30 September 1681	Spanish Empire	Brandenburg-Prussia	Victory
Great Turkish War (1683–1699)	Holy Roman Empire Habsburg monarchy Bavaria Franconia Saxony Swabia Duchy of Styria Royal Hungary Kingdom of Croatia Duchy of Mantua Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Tsardom of Russia Cossack Hetmanate Republic of Venice Spanish Empire Montenegro Albanian rebels Serbian rebels Greek rebels Bulgarian rebels Romanian rebels Croatian rebels	Ottoman Empire Vassal states: Crimean Khanate Shamkhalate of Tarki[44] Upper Hungary (1683–5) Moldavia Wallachia Transylvania	Victory Treaty of Karlowitz Ottoman decline in Europe The Habsburg monarchy wins lands in Hungary, the Principality of Transylvania and the Balkans. Poland-Lithuania captures Podolia. Russia captures the port of Azov. Venice captures Morea and inner Dalmatia. Montenegro gains de facto independence.
War of the Reunions (1683–1684)	Spanish Empire Spanish Netherlands Holy Roman Empire Republic of Genoa	France	Defeat Truce of Ratisbon Spain cedes Luxembourg to France Holy Roman Empire cedes Strasbourg to France
Revolt of the Barretinas (1687-1689)	Spain Kingdom of Aragon	Peasant rebels of Catalonia	Spanish Crown victory.
Nine Years' War (1688–97) Battle of Walcourt Battle of Fleurus Battle of Staffarda Battle of Sabana Real Siege of Mons Siege of Cuneo Siege of Namur Battle of Marsaglia Raid on Cartagena de Indias (1697)	Grand Alliance: Dutch Republic England New England Holy Roman Empire Spain Spanish Netherlands Piedmont-Savoy Sweden (until 1691) Scotland	France New France Wabanaki Confederacy Irish and Scottish Jacobites	Indecisive Treaty of Ryswick Louis XIV recognizes William III of Orange as King of England, Scotland and Ireland France retains Alsace (including Strasbourg) and surrenders Freiburg, Breisach and Philippsburg to the Holy Roman Empire, regains Pondicherry (after paying the Dutch a sum of 16,000 pagodas) and Nova Scotia Spain recovered Catalonia from France, and the barrier fortresses of Mons, Luxembourg and Kortrijk The Duchy of Lorraine was restored to Leopold Joseph from France
Second Brotherhood (1693)	Spain Kingdom of Valencia	agermanats (peasant rebel forces)	Victory
Siege of Oran (1693) Part of Conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and Morocco	Spanish Empire Spanish Oran Regency of Algiers	Sultanate of Morocco	Algerian-Spanish victory
Sieges of Ceuta (1694–1727)	Spain Bourbons (1704–1713)	Morocco Supported by: England (from 1707)	Victory

Bourbon Spain

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results	Casualties
War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14)	Kingdom of France New France French East India Company Spain loyal to Philip Crown of Castile Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily New Spain Bavaria (until 1704) Duchy of Mantua (until 1708) Cologne (until 1702) Liège (until 1702) co-beligerant:[45] Kuruc (Kingdom of Hungary) Principality of Transylvania	Holy Roman Empire: Austria Prussia (from 1702) Hanover Great Britain (formed on 1707)[46] England (until 1707) Scotland (until 1707) British America British East India Company Dutch Republic Duchy of Savoy (after 1703) Kingdom of Portugal (from 1703) Spain loyal to Charles Crown of Aragon Spanish Netherlands Danish Auxiliary Corps co-beligerant:[45] Hungarian Royalists Kingdom of Croatia	Political victory for Spain loyal to Philip Military victory for Spain loyal to Charles Treaty of Utrecht (1713) Treaty of Rastatt (1714) Treaty of Baden (1714) Philip is recognised as King of Spain, but once more renounces any claim to the throne of France. Spain and Britain sign the Asiento Spain cedes the Spanish Netherlands, Kingdom of Naples, Duchy of Milan and Sardinia to the Habsburg monarchy, Sicily to the Duchy of Savoy and Gibraltar and Menorca to Britain France recognizes British sovereignty over Rupert's Land and Newfoundland and cedes Acadia and its half of Saint Kitts to Great Britain. The Dutch Republic retains various forts in the Southern Netherlands and annexes a part of Spanish Guelders. Spain cedes the Colony of Sacramento to the Portuguese Empire
Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) Battle of Flint River Siege of St. Augustine Apalachee massacre Lefebvre's Charles Town expedition Siege of Pensacola Part of War of the Spanish Succession	France New France Spain New Spain Wabanaki Confederacy Caughnawaga Mohawk Choctaw Timucua Apalachee Natchez	England (before 1707)[47] English America Great Britain (after 1707)[47] British America Muscogee (Creek) Chickasaw Yamasee Iroquois Confederacy	Defeat France cedes control of Acadia, Newfoundland, Hudson Bay and Saint Kitts to Britain.
Comanche Wars (1700s–1870s) Part of the Texas–Indian wars	Spanish Empire (until 1820) Mexico (since 1821) Republic of Texas (since 1836) Choctaw Republic[48] United States (since 1845)	Comanche Other Indigenous nations	Defeat
Apache Wars (1700s) Part of Mexican Indian Wars	Spanish Empire New Spain	Apache	Defeat
Siege of Oran (1707–1708)	Kingdom of Spain Spanish Oran	Regency of Algiers Beylik of Mascara	Defeat Algerians conquers Oran.
Pablo Presbere's insurrection (1709–1710) Part of Mexican indian war	Spanish Empire New Spain Captaincy General of Guatemala	Talamanca Teribe Cabécare	Victory
Huilliche rebellion (1712)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of Chiloé	Huilliches of Chiloé	Victory Key encomenderos killed Suppression of the rebellion Encomienda mildened
Tzeltal Rebellion of 1712 (1712–1713) Part of Mexican Indian Wars	Spanish Empire New Spain Captaincy General of Guatemala	Maya communities	Victory
Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–18)	Republic of Venice Austria (from 1716) Portugal Order of Malta Papal States Spain[49] Himariotes	Ottoman Empire	Defeat Treaty of Passarowitz Morea ceded back to Ottoman Empire
War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718–20) Spanish conquest of Sardinia Battle of Cape Passaro Battle of Milazzo Capture of Eilean Donan Castle Battle of Glen Shiel Battle of Francavilla Capture of Pensacola Capture of Vigo Battle of Cape St. Vincent Battle of Nassau Villasur expedition	Spain New Spain Spanish Florida Jacobites	Great Britain British West Indies France New France Holy Roman Empire Austria Viceroyalty of Naples Viceroyalty of Sardignia Dutch Republic Savoy Viceroyalty of Sicily	Defeat Treaty of The Hague: Spain renounces claims to its former Italian possessions. Savoy and Austria swap Sicily for Habsburgs and Sardinia for Savoy.	4,350 killed or wounded[50]
Jacobite rising of 1719 Part of Jacobite risings and War of the Quadruple Alliance	Jacobites Spain	Great Britain	Defeat
Revolt of the Comuneros (Paraguay) (1721–25/1730–35)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of the Río de la Plata Governorate of Paraguay Jesuit Province	Paraguayan comunero rebels	Victory
Mapuche uprising of 1723 Part of Arauco War	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru	Mapuche rebels	Victory Parliament of Negrete (1726)
Anglo-Spanish War (1727–29) Blockade of Porto Bello Siege of Gibraltar Action of 11 March 1727	Spain	Great Britain	Indecisive Treaty of Seville (1729)	20,000 killed (both sides)[51]
Spanish-Algerian War (1732)	Spain	Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers Beylik of Oran	Victory Spanish reconquest of Oran Spanish reconquest of Mers-el-Kébir	30 dead
War of the Polish Succession (1733–38) Battle of Bitonto Siege of Gaeta Siege of Capua	Poland loyal to Stanisław I France Spain Sardinia Duchy of Parma	Poland loyal to Augustus III Russian Empire Habsburg Empire of Austria Saxony Kingdom of Prussia	Victory Treaty of Vienna Augustus III ascends the throne of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Bourbon territorial gains. Both Naples and Sicily were conquered by the Spanish Bourbons. France guaranteed Lorraine following death of Stanisław Leszczyński	3,000 killed or wounded[52]
Spanish–Portuguese War (1735–37)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of the Río de la Plata	Portuguese Empire Brazilian colonial forces	Defeat
War of Jenkins' Ear (1739–48) Spanish Alarm Battle of Porto Bello (1739) Siege of Fort Mose Siege of St. Augustine (1740) George Anson's voyage around the world Attacks on Fuerteventura in 1740 Action of 8 April 1740 Battle of Cartagena de Indias Invasion of Cuba Action of 14 June 1742 Invasion of Georgia Battle of Bloody Marsh Battle of Gully Hole Creek Battle of La Guaira Battle of Puerto Cabello Battle of Toulon Voyage of the Glorioso Action of 18 March 1748 Battle of Santiago de Cuba Battle of Havana Part of War of the Austrian Succession	Spanish Empire New Spain Cuba Florida New Granada Venezuela Province	Great Britain British America	Victory Status quo ante bellum British offensive in the Caribbean theatre defeated British invasion of Florida repulsed Spanish invasion of Georgia repulsed Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) leading to Treaty of Madrid (1750) The British suffer 20,000 casualties and lose 407 ships (1739–1741)[53]
War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48) Battle of Campo Santo Battle of Toulon Battle of Villafranca Battle of Velletri Battle of Madonna dell'Olmo Battle of Bassignano Battle of Piacenza Battle of Rottofreddo Siege of Genoa	France New France Wabanaki Confederacy Prussia Spain Bavaria (1741–45) Saxony (1741–42) Sicily and Naples Republic of Genoa (1745–48) Sweden (1741–43) Savoy-Sardinia (1741–42)	Habsburg Monarchy Great Britain British America Iroquois Confederacy Hanover Dutch Republic Saxony (1743–45) Savoy-Sardinia (1742–48) Russia (1741–43, 1748)	Victory Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Maria Theresa retains the Austrian throne Prussian control of Silesia confirmed Duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla restored to the Spanish Bourbons	3,000 killed or wounded[54]
Dagohoy rebellion (1744–1829)	Spanish Empire Spanish Philippines	Dagohoy rebel group Boholano people	Victory Pardoned 19,420 survivors and permitted them to live in new villages at the lowlands
Pima Revolt (1751) Part of Mexican indian war	Spanish Empire New Spain (Spanish Arizona)	Pima Indians	Victory
Action of 28 November 1751 (1751)	Spain	Regency of Algiers	Victory
Guaraní War (1754–56)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of the Río de la Plata Portuguese Empire Brazilian colonial forces	Guaraní people Jesuits Jesuit missions among the Guaraní	Spanish-Portuguese victory. Ratification of the Exchange Treaty. Declaration of the border between Spain and Portugal in South America Treaty of El Pardo. Total abandonment of the eastern missions by the Guarani (Transfer of the Guarani out of the territories ceded to Portugal.).
Seven Years' War (1756–63)	France Holy Roman Empire Austria Russia (until 1762) Spanish Empire (from 1762) Sweden (1757–62) Saxony Mughal Empire (from 1757)	Great Britain Prussia Hanover Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Iroquois Confederacy Portugal (from 1762) Hesse-Kassel Schaumburg-Lippe	Defeat Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762) Treaty of Hamburg (1762) Treaty of Paris (1763) Treaty of Hubertusburg (1763) Status quo ante bellum in Europe Transfer of colonial possessions between Great Britain, France, and Spain after French-Indian war.	3,000 killed or wounded[55]
Anglo-Spanish War (1762–63) Battle for the Río San Juan de Nicaragua Battle of Havana Action of 31 May 1762 Spanish invasion of Portugal Battle of Valencia de Alcántara Battle of Manila Battle of Vila Velha Action of 30 October 1762 Battle of Marvão	Spanish Empire New Spain Viceroyalty of Peru France New France	Great Britain British America Portugal Filipino rebels	Defeat Spain cedes Florida to Britain in exchange for return of Havana. Spain received Louisiana from France.
Silang Revolt (1762–1763) Part of Seven Years' War and British occupation of Manila	Spanish Empire Filipino loyalist	Diego Silang and Gabriela Silang rebel forces Supported by: Great Britain	Victory
Fantastic War (1762–63) First Cevallos expedition Mojeño War	Spain Viceroyalty of Peru France	Portuguese Empire Brazilian colonial forces Great Britain	Stalemate Spanish victory on River Plate. In present-day Uruguay, Spanish captured Colónia do Sacramento and advanced into Rio Grande do Sul. The thesis of the Portuguese Empire prevailed that the Guaporé river should serve as a border between the two Empires in the Amazon Jungle on present-day Bolivia. The Portuguese conquered most of the valley of Rio Negro, expelling the Spaniards from S. Gabriel and S. josé de Maribatanas.
Quito Revolt of 1765	Spain Viceroyalty of New Granada	Quito rebels	Victory
Mapuche uprising of 1766 (1766) Part of Arauco War	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Captaincy General of Chile Mapuche allies Pehuenche	Mapuche rebels	Defeat
Louisiana Rebellion (1768)	Spanish Empire New Spain Louisiana	Louisiana Creole people	Victory
Communera Revolution of Paraguay (1770)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of the Río de la Plata	Paraguayan comunero rebels	Victory
Spanish expeditions to Tahiti (1772–75 )[56][57]	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Allied Christianized Tahitians	Pagan Tahitians Spanish and Peruvian mutineers	Victory, but withdrawal due to anti-clerical policies of Charles III and economical problems in Peru to support the stability of the catholic missions.
Siege of Melilla (1774)	Spain	Morocco Supported by: Great Britain	Victory	600
Spanish expeditions against Algiers (1775, 1783, 1784) Bombardment of Algiers (1783) Bombardment of Algiers (1784)	Spain Kingdom of Naples Tuscany Hospitaller Malta Two Sicilies Portugal	Regency of Algiers	Defeat	500 dead (1775) 26 dead (1783) 53 dead (1784)
Spanish–Portuguese War (1776–77)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	Portuguese Empire Brazilian colonial forces	Victory First Treaty of San Ildefonso Portugal remains neutral during the American Revolutionary War
American Revolutionary War (1775–1782) Spain and the American Revolutionary War Western theater of the American Revolutionary War Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War	United States Spain New Spain Louisiana France Canadian Auxiliaries Iroquois Oneida Tuscarora Watauga Association Catawba Lenape Choctaw Dutch Republic Mysore	Great Britain Loyalists of Thirteen Colonies British Canada Iroquois Onondaga Cayuga Seneca Cherokee German Auxiliaries	Victory Treaty of Paris (1783) Britain recognizes the independence of the United States of America and the Thirteen Colonies.
Spanish expedition to Fernando Poo and Annobón(1778–80)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	Bubi people loyal to Portuguese rule Spanish mutineers of Jerónimo Martín Great Britain	Defeat The rebels apprehend the highest authority (Lieutenant Colonel Primo de Rivera), passing command to the second in command, Sergeant Martín. The new chief evacuated the colony, directing the survivors to São Tomé, where he was captured by the Portuguese who restored the Ten. Cor. Primo de Rivera in his position. The Spanish city of Concepción is razed by the native Africans. Due to the adversity of the climate, the tropical diseases that decimated the soldiers, the hostility of the nearby British fleet and the fear of an attack by the Bubi population. The Spanish leave the colony after taking possession in the name of Carlos III of Spain of the Territories of the Gulf of Guinea. Later British occupation of Fernando Poosince 1827 to 1843
Anglo-Spanish War (1779–83) Part of the American Revolutionary War Europe & Atlantic Armada of 1779 Great Siege of Gibraltar Action of 14 September 1779 Action of 11 November 1779 Action of 20 November 1779 Action of 8 January 1780 Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1780) Action of 9 August 1780 Action of 25 February 1781 Action of 1 May 1781 Invasion of Minorca (1781) Action of 16 March 1782 Battle of Cape Spartel Louisiana and the Gulf Coast Spanish conquest of West Florida Battle of St. Louis Siege of Pensacola Battle of Arkansas Post Central America Capture of Río Hondo Capture of Cayo Cocina Battle of San Fernando de Omoa Action of 12 December 1779 San Juan Expedition (1780) Battle of Roatán Battle of the Black River West Indies Action of 15 January 1782 Capture of the Bahamas (1782) Action of 17 February 1783 Capture of the Bahamas (1783)	Spain New Spain Captaincy General of Guatemala Captaincy General of Cuba Captaincy General of Santo Domingo Captaincy General of Puerto Rico Viceroyalty of New Granada	Great Britain British West Indies	Victory Peace of Paris East Florida, West Florida, the Mosquito Coast, Campeche, the San Andrés archipelago and Menorca recovered by Spain; The Bahamas, the island of Grenada, and Montserrat captured by Spain but returned to Britain. Spanish empire achieves its maximum territorial expansion.	5,000 killed or died of disease
Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II (1780–83) Oruro Rebellion Part of Protests and rebellions of the eighteenth century in the Viceroyalty of Peru	Spain Viceroyalty of Peru Peruvian Royalists Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata Real Audiencia of Charcas	Túpac Amaru II forces Aymara and Quechua rebels Spanish rebels, mostly peasants, including creoles, mestizos and blacks	Victory	100,000 Indians and 10,000–40,000 non-Indians[58][59]
Revolt of the Comuneros (New Granada) (1781)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of New Granada	Comunero rebels of New Granada	Victory
Insurrection of the comuneros of Venezuela (1781)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of New Granada	Comunero rebels of Captaincy General of Venezuela	Victory
Cherokee–American wars [2nd phase post-revolution] (1783–1795) Part of American Indian Wars	Spanish Empire New Spain Louisiana Cherokee Co-belligerent: Northwestern Confederacy[60]	United States	Spanish withdrawal due to Coalition Wars. Defeat of Cherokees Treaty of Tellico
Nootka Crisis (1789–1790) Part of Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest	Spanish Empire New Spain	Great Britain British North America (The Canadas) Nuu-chah-nulth people Russian Empire Russian Alaska United States	Defeat Nootka Convention
Hispano-Moroccan War (1790–1791) Siege of Ceuta (1790–1791)	Spain	Sultanate of Morocco	Victory
Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) Battle of Saint-Raphaël Battle of Gonaïves Part of French Revolutionary Wars	1791–1793 Ex-slaves French royalists Spanish Empire (from 1793) Captaincy General of Santo Domingo 1793–1798 French royalists Great Britain Spanish Empire (until 1795) Captaincy General of Santo Domingo 1798–1801 Louverture Loyalists 1802–1804 Ex-slaves United Kingdom	1791–1793 Slave owners Kingdom of France (until 1792) French Republic 1793–1798 French Republic Ex-slaves 1798–1801 Rigaud Loyalists French Republic Polish Legions	Defeat
Huilliche uprising of 1792	Spanish Empire Governorate of Chiloé	Huilliche people of Futahuillimapu	Victory Parliament of Las Canoas
Algerian conquest of Oran (1792)	Spanish Empire Spanish Oran	Regency of Algiers	Defeat Spain cedes Oran to Algiers in exchange of economical privileges.
War of the First Coalition (1792–97) Mediterranean campaign of 1793–1796 Part of French Revolutionary Wars and French Revolution	Kingdom of France (until 1792) French First Republic (from 1792) Spain (from 1796) Batavian Republic (from 1795) Sister republic Polish Legions (from 1797)	First Coalition: Holy Roman Empire Habsburg monarchy Prussia (until 1795) Great Britain Army of Condé Spain (until 1795) Dutch Republic (until 1795) Portugal Sardinia (until 1796) Naples Other Italian states	Victory Peace of Basel, Treaty of Campo Formio Establishment and survival of the French First Republic French annexation of the Austrian Netherlands, the Left Bank of the Rhine and other smaller territories Several French "sister republics" established Hostilities resume in 1798 with the formation of a Second Coalition against France
War of the Pyrenees (1793–95) Battle of Mas Deu Capture of San Pietro and Sant'Antioco Siege of Bellegarde Battle of Perpignan Battle of Peyrestortes Battle of Truillas Battle of Collioure Capture of Fort-Dauphin Battle of Sans Culotte Camp Battle of Boulou Siege of Collioure Battle of the Baztan Valley Battle of San Lorenzo de la Muga Battle of Orbaitzeta Battle of the Black Mountain Siege of Roses Action of 14 February 1795 Battle of Bascara Part of French Revolutionary Wars	Spain Portugal French Émigrés	France	Defeat Peace of Basel Second Treaty of San Ildefonso
French expedition to Sardinia (1792–1793) Part of French Revolutionary Wars	Sardinia Spain (since 1793)	France	Spanish-Sardinian victory
Federalist revolts Siege of Toulon (1793) Part of French Revolution and French Revolutionary Wars	Fédéralistes French Royalists Great Britain Kingdom of Spain Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Sardinia	France Convention montagnarde	Defeat
East Indies theatre of the French Revolutionary Wars (1793–1801) Raid on Manila Macau Incident (1799) Part of French Revolutionary Wars	French Republic French India Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies Batavian Republic Dutch East Indies	Great Britain British East India Company Portugal Coalition forces	Defeat
Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808) Part of French Revolutionary Wars Atlantic Action of 25 January 1797 Battle of Cape St Vincent Action of 26 April 1797 Assault on Cádiz Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife Action of 16 October 1799 Action of 6–7 April 1800 Ferrol Expedition Action of 5 October 1804 Action of 25 November 1804 Action of 7 December 1804 Battle of Cape Finisterre Battle of Trafalgar Action of 4 April 1808 Mediterranean Action of 13 October 1796 Action of 19 December 1796 Capture of Minorca Action of 15 July 1798 Action of 19 January 1799 Action of 6 February 1799 Action of 7 July 1799 Action of 10 December 1800 Action of 6 May 1801 Algeciras Campaign Americas Newfoundland expedition Invasion of Trinidad Battle of San Juan Battle of St. George's Caye Cutting out of the Hermione Battle of Diamond Rock British invasions of the Río de la Plata Action of 23 August 1806	Spain Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata Viceroyalty of New Granada Captaincy General of Venezuela Viceroyalty of New Spain Captaincy General of Santo Domingo Captaincy General of Puerto Rico France	Great Britain British America	Inconclusive Treaty of Amiens (1802) Belligerence resumed in May 1804 Cessation of hostilities and de facto Anglo-Spanish alliance upon outbreak of the Peninsular War (1808) Trinidad ceded to Britain (1802) Menorca returned to Spain (1802)	7,000 killed or wounded (1796–1802)[52]
War of the Second Coalition (1798–1802) Mediterranean campaign of 1798 Part of French Revolutionary Wars	France Spain Polish Legions Denmark–Norway French client republics: Batavian Republic Helvetic Republic Cisalpine Republic Roman Republic (until 1799) Parthenopaean Republic (1799)	Second Coalition: Holy Roman Empire Austria Great Britain (until 1801) United Kingdom (from 1801) Russia (until 1799) Portugal Naples Grand Duchy of Tuscany Order of Saint John (1798) Malta (1798–1800) Ottoman Empire French Royalists United States (Quasi-War) (until 1800)	Victory Treaty of Lunéville, Treaty of Amiens Survival of the French Republic Previous annexations by France confirmed Hostilities resume in 1803 between France and Great Britain; Third Coalition later formed against France
Spanish-Russian War (1799–1801) Part of French Revolutionary Wars	Spain	Russia	Inconclusive Treaty of Paris (1801)	0
War of the Oranges (1801) Portuguese conquest of the Eastern Missions Part of French Revolutionary Wars	France Spain Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	Portugal Brazilian colonial forces	Victory Treaty of Badajoz Question of Olivença Portuguese territory returned, except Olivenza, and border territories, which remained in Spanish possession France territorial guarantees in Trinidad, Port Mahon (Menorca) and Malta, as well as lands north of Brazil
War of the Third Coalition (1803–06) Part of Napoleonic Wars	French Empire Etruria Batavian Republic Napoleonic Italy Spain Electorate of Bavaria Württemberg	Third Coalition: Holy Roman Empire Russian Empire United Kingdom Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily Sweden French counter-revolutionaries French royalists	Victory Treaty of Pressburg Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Creation of the Confederation of the Rhine Hostilities resume few months later with the formation of a Fourth Coalition against France
Caribbean campaign of 1803–1810 Battle of Diamond Rock Battle of Palo Hincado Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo Part of Napoleonic Wars	United Kingdom British America Portugal State of Brazil Spain (since 1808) Santo Domingo Cuba Puerto Rico	French Empire French Antilles Spain (until 1808) Santo Domingo Cuba Puerto Rico Batavian Republic Dutch West Indies Denmark–Norway (since 1808) Danish West Indies	Coallition Victory West Indies were in total control of British and Spanish naval forces.
Franco-Swedish War (1805–10) Siege of Stralsund (1807) Part of Napoleonic Wars	French Empire Holland Denmark–Norway (1808-1809) Spain (until 1808) Division of the North Russian Empire (since 1808)	Sweden Swedish Pomerania United Kingdom Prussia Austria Saxony Russian Empire (until 1807)	Spanish retreat of the conflict due to Peninsular War. French victory Treaty of Paris (1810)
War of the Fourth Coalition (1806–07) Part of Napoleonic Wars	French Empire Spanish Empire Confederation of the Rhine Bavaria Württemberg Saxony (after 11 December 1806) Italy Naples Etruria Holland Switzerland Polish Legions	Fourth Coalition: Prussia Russian Empire United Kingdom Saxony (until 11 December 1806) Sweden Sicily	Victory Treaties of Tilsit Prussia loses half of its territory Creation of the Duchy of Warsaw Saxony joins the Confederation of the Rhine Franco-Russian alliance Creation of the Continental System Hostilities resume later in 1807 with the commencement of the Peninsular War and expanded in 1809 with the formation of a Fifth Coalition against France
British invasions of the River Plate (1806–1807) 1st Battle of Buenos Aires Battle of Perdriel Battle of Cardal Battle of Montevideo (1807) Battle of Colonia del Sacramento (1807) Action of 2 June 1807 Battle of San Pedro (1807) Battle of Miserere 2nd Battle of Buenos Aires Part of Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808) and Napoleonic Wars	Spain Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	United Kingdom	Spanish-Rioplatense Victory
Invasion of Portugal (1807) Part of Napoleonic Wars	French Empire Spain	Portugal	Victory Franco-Spanish occupation of Portugal Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil Start of French occupation of Spain
English Wars (Scandinavia) (1807–1814) Part of Napoleonic Wars and Gunboat War	Denmark–Norway Supported by: French Empire Spain (until 1808)	United KingdomSupported by: Sweden	Spanish retreat of the conflict after Evacuation of La Romana's division. Start of "Huéscar-Danish War". Anglo-Swedish Victory
Peninsular War (1808–14) Part of Napoleonic Wars Battle of Évora Dos de Mayo Uprising Combat of El Bruch Battle of Alcolea Bridge Battle of Cabezón Battle of Gerona Evacuation of the La Romana Division First Siege of Zaragoza Second Siege of Gerona Battle of Medina de Rioseco Battle of Valencia Capture of the Rosily Squadron Battle of Bailén Battle of Valmaseda Battle of Burgos Siege of Roses Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros Battle of Tudela Battle of Somosierra Battle of Cardadeu Battle of Molins de Rey Second Siege of Zaragoza Battle of Castellón Battle of Mansilla Battle of Villafranca Battle of Puente Sanpayo Battle of Uclés Battle of Miajadas Battle of Los Yébenes Battle of Ciudad Real Battle of Medellín Battle of Talavera Battle of Arzobispo Battle of Almonacid Battle of Puerto de Baños Battle of Tamames Battle of Ocaña Battle of Carpio Battle of Alba de Tormes Siege of Cádiz Battle of Valls Third Siege of Gerona Battle of Alcañiz Battle of María Battle of Belchite Battle of Mollet Battle of Vich Battle of Manresa Siege of Lérida Siege of Mequinenza Battle of La Bisbal Siege of Tortosa Battle of Pla Siege of Tarragona (1811) Battle of Montserrat Siege of Figueras Battle of Cervera Battle of Saguntum Siege of Valencia Battle of Altafulla Battle of Castalla (1812) Battle of Castalla Siege of Tarragona (1813) Siege of Astorga Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo Siege of Cádiz Battle of Fuengirola Battle of Baza Battle of Barrosa Battle of Zújar Battle of Bornos (1811) Battle of Bornos (1812) Battle of the Gebora Battle of Albuera Battle of Usagre Battle of Arlabán (1811) Battle of Cogorderos Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos Siege of Tarifa Battle of Arlabán (1812) Battle of Salamanca Siege of Burgos Battle of Tordesillas Battle of San Millan-Osma Battle of Vitoria Battle of Tolosa Battle of the Pyrenees Battle of Sorauren Battle of San Marcial Battle of the Bidassoa Siege of Pamplona Battle of Nivelle Battle of the Nive Battle of Garris Battle of Toulouse Battle of Bayonne	Bourbon Spain Courts of Cadiz United Kingdom Portugal	French Empire Bonapartist Spain Afrancesado Duchy of Warsaw Kingdom of Italy Confederation of the Rhine	Victory Treaty of Valençay Treaty of Paris	300,000 military deaths 200,000 civilian deaths[61]
Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo (1808–09) Battle of Palo Hincado Part of Napoleonic Wars	Spain United Kingdom	French Empire	Victory
War of the Fifth Coalition (1809) Part of Napoleonic Wars	Fifth Coalition: Austria Hungary Tyrol United Kingdom Spain Sicily Sardinia Black Brunswickers	France Confederation of the Rhine Bavaria Saxony Württemberg Westphalia Italy Polish Legions Naples Switzerland Holland	Defeat Treaty of Schönbrunn Franco-Austrian Alliance Napoléon marries Marie Louise of Austria Hostilities in the Peninsular War maintained General hostilities across Europe resume in 1812 with the French Invasion of Russia and expand in 1813 with the formation of a Sixth Coalition against France
Bolivian War of Independence (1809–25) Battle of Cotagaita Battle of Suipacha Battle of Huaqui Battle of Pequereque Battle of Vilcapugio Action of Tambo Nuevo Battle of Ayohuma Battle of Sipe-Sipe Battle of la Tablada de Tolomosa Part of Spanish American wars of independence	Spain Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata Real Audiencia of Charcas Viceroyalty of Peru Peruvian Royalists Royalists	United Provinces of the River Plate Republiquetas	Defeat Independence of Bolivia
Ecuadorian War of Independence (1809–22) Part of Spanish American wars of independence	Spain Viceroyalty of New Granada Real Audiencia of Quito Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of Guayaquil Peruvian Royalists Royalists	Independentist Armies Government Junta of Quito Free Province of Guayaquil Gran Colombia Republic of Peru	Defeat Independence of Ecuador from Spain
Mexican War of Independence (1810–21) Battle of Monte de las Cruces Battle of Calderón Bridge Battle of Puerto de Piñones Battle of Zacatecas Battle of El Veladero Battle of El Maguey Battle of Llanos de Santa Juana Battle of Zitácuaro Battle of Tecualoya Battle of Tenancingo Siege of Cuautla Battle of Izúcar Siege of Huajuapan de León Battle of Tenango del Valle Battle of Escamela Battle of Zitlala Capture of Orizaba Capture of Oaxaca Battle of Rosillo Creek Siege of Acapulco Battle of La Chincúa Battle of Alazan Creek Battle of Medina Battle of Lomas de Santa María Battle of Puruarán Battle of Temalaca Battle of Azcapotzalco Part of Spanish American wars of independence	Spain New Spain Mexican royalists	Insurgents Army of the Three Guarantees (1821)	Defeat First Mexican Empire gains independence from Spain
Argentine War of Independence (1810–18) Battle of Campichuelo Battle of Paraguarí Battle of San Nicolás Battle of Tacuarí Battle of Tucumán Siege of Montevideo Battle of Cerrito Battle of San Lorenzo Battle of Salta Battle of Martín García Battle of Buceo Battle of Yavi Crossing of the Andes Part of Spanish American wars of independence	Royalists Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata Viceroyalty of Peru Peruvian Royalists	Patriots United Provinces of the River Plate Chilean exiles Supported by: United Kingdom[62]	Defeat Argentine victory and emancipation from Spanish colonial rule Slavery partially abolished
Chilean War of Independence (1810–26) Battle of Yerbas Buenas Battle of San Carlos Siege of Chillán Battle of El Roble First Battle of Talca Battle of El Quilo Battle of Membrillar First Battle of Cancha Rayada Battle of Quechereguas Battle of Las Tres Acequias Battle of Rancagua Battle of Chacabuco Battle of Curapalihue Second Battle of Cancha Rayada Battle of Maipú Battle of Píleo Battle of Tarpellanca Capture of Valdivia Battle of Agüi Battle of El Toro Part of Spanish American wars of independence	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Captaincy General of Chile Governorate of Chiloé Chilean and Chilota royalists Peruvian Royalists Mapuche allies	Chile United Provinces Mapuche allies Supported by: United Kingdom[62]	Defeat Chilean emancipation from Spanish colonial rule
Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental (1811–1812) Part of Napoleonic Wars and Spanish American wars of independence	Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves	Inconclusive
Venezuelan War of Independence (1811–23) Part of Spanish American wars of independence	Kingdom of Spain Viceroyalty of New Granada Captaincy General of Venezuela	Venezuela Gran Colombia New Granada Haiti British Legions	Defeat Venezuelan independence
Peruvian War of Independence (1811–26) Callao affair Battle of Zepita Battle of Junín Battle of Ayacucho Part of Spanish American wars of independence	Kingdom of Spain Viceroyalty of Peru Real Audiencia of Charcas Real Audiencia of Quito Peruvian Royalists	United Liberating Army United Army (Argentine-Chilean) Gran Colombia Republic of Peru Peruvian patriots British Legions (from 1824)	Defeat Peru becomes independent of the Spanish monarchy. End of mainland South American war of independence.
Huánuco rebellion (1812) Part of Peruvian War of Independence	Kingdom of Spain Viceroyalty of Peru Peruvian Royalists	Huánuco rebels	Victory
Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition (1812) Part of Mexican War of Independence	Spain Viceroyalty of New Spain	Republican Army of the North Filibuster	Victory
French invasion of Russia Part of the Napoleonic Wars	French Empire Duchy of Warsaw Napoleonic Italy Naples Confederation of the Rhine Baden Bavaria Berg Saxony Westphalia Bonapartist Spain Swiss Confederation Allies: Austria Prussia Denmark–Norway	Russian Empire	Defeat Destruction of French Allied Army Start of the War of the Sixth Coalition
Anglo-American war (1812–1815) Gulf Theater 1813–1815 Battle of Pensacola Part of Napoleonic Wars	United Kingdom British North America (The Canadas) Tecumseh's Confederacy Kingdom of Spain (from 1813) Spanish Florida	United States Choctaw Nation Cherokee Nation Creek Allies	Inconclusive Treaty of Ghent Spain loses West Florida to the United States.
War of the Sixth Coalition (1813–1814) Campaign in south-west France (1814) Part of Napoleonic Wars	Russia Prussia Austria United Kingdom Sweden Spain Portugal Sicily Sardinia	French Empire Napoleonic Italy Kingdom of Naples Duchy of Warsaw Denmark–Norway Confederation of the Rhine United States (War of 1812)	Victory
Cuzco Rebellion of 1814 (1814) Part of Peruvian War of Independence	Kingdom of Spain Viceroyalty of Peru Peruvian Royalists	Government Junta of Cuzco Supported by: United Provinces	Victory
War of the Seventh Coalition (1815) Part of Napoleonic Wars	Seventh Coalition: United Kingdom Prussia Austrian Empire Russian Empire Hanover Nassau Brunswick Sweden Netherlands Spain Portugal Sardinia Sicily Tuscany Switzerland French Kingdom	French Empire Kingdom of Naples	Victory Second Treaty of Paris End of Napoleonic Wars Second exile of Napoleon and second Bourbon Restoration Beginning of the Concert of Europe
Spanish reconquest of New Granada (1815–16) Part of Colombian War of Independence	Kingdom of Spain	United Provinces of New Granada	Victory Reconquest of New Granada by the Spanish monarchy
Seminole Wars (1817–18)	Seminole Kingdom of Spain Spanish Florida	United States	Defeat Spain cedes Spanish Florida to the United States in the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819 The United States forcibly relocates Seminole in northern Florida to a reservation in the center of the peninsula in the Treaty of Moultrie Creek of 1823
Amelia Island affair (1817) Part of Spanish American wars of independence	Kingdom of Spain Spanish Florida United States	Republic of the Floridas Venezuela	No victor United States annexation of Florida.
Guerra a muerte (1819–32) Part of Spanish American wars of independence	Kingdom of Spain Captaincy General of Chile Mapuche allies Lafkenches Wenches Pehuenches Boroans	Chile	Defeat
Rebellion of Rafael de Riego (1820) part of Revolutions during the 1820s	Kingdom of Spain	Liberal Rebels of Rafael del Riego Supported by: United Provinces of the River Plate	Defeat Victory for the Spanish veinteañistas and the River Plate agents. End of Sexenio Absolutista. Cancellation of the gran expedición de Ultramar and withdrawal of Spanish europpean support to the royalists from Spanish American wars of independence.
Totonicapán Uprising of 1820 Part of Independence of Central America	Spanish Empire Captaincy General of Guatemala	K'iche of Totonicapán	Victory
Spanish reconquest attempts in Mexico (1821–29) Part of Spanish American wars of independence	Spanish Empire	Mexico	Defeat Spain recognizes the independence of the United Mexican States in 1836
Guerra Realista (1822–23) part of Revolutions during the 1820s	Kingdom of Spain Royalists forces Spanish absolutists Ultras/Apostolics (traditionalists) Supported by: Quintuple Alliance[63]	Junta Provisional Consultiva Liberals (constitucionals) forces Doceañista/Moderados (liberal conservatives) Exaltados (radical liberals)	Absolutist victory End of the Trienio Liberal Intervention of France.
French invasion of Spain (1823)	Kingdom of France Armée de la Foi	Partisans of the Cortes	Royalist victory Start of Ominous Decade A part of the French army would remain occupying Spain until 1828 to save the Counter-revolutionary regime.
Chilean conquest of Chiloé (1824–26) Part of Spanish American wars of independence	Kingdom of Spain Governorate of Chiloé	Chile	Defeat. End of Spanish presence in South America.
War of the Agraviados (1827)	Kingdom of Spain Spanish absolutists (moderate royalists) Supported by: Kingdom of France	Cuerpo de Voluntarios Realistas rebel forces Ultra-royalits/Apostolics (traditionalists)	Victory The Agraviados, who rose up against the “reformist” Enlightened absolutism government that supposedly had King Ferdinand VII “kidnapped”, lay down their arms when Ferdinand VII had to go to Catalonia to demonstrate that he enjoyed full freedom.
Portuguese Civil War (1828–34) Part of Revolutions of 1830	Liberal Forces of Queen Maria II Spain (Since 1834) United Kingdom France (Since 1830)	Traditionalist Forces of King Miguel Spain (Until 1833)	Liberal victory Concession of Evoramonte: Constitutional monarchy is restored Dom Miguel renounces all his claims to the throne and goes into exile.
First Carlist War (1833–1839) Part of Carlist Wars Part of Revolutions of 1830	Forces of Queen Isabella II United Kingdom French Kingdom Forces of Queen Maria II	Carlists: Forces of Infante Carlos Forces of King Miguel	Liberal victory British mediated Convention of Vergara.	135,000 dead[64]
Second Egyptian-Ottoman War (1839–1841) Part of Oriental Crisis of 1840	Eyalet of Egypt Kingdom of France Kingdom of Spain	Ottoman Empire British Empire Austrian Empire Russian Empire Kingdom of Prussia	Defeat Egypt renounces claim on Syria, Britain recognizes Muhammad Ali and his descendants as the legitimate rulers of Egypt.
Revolt of the indigenous Benga against their king Bonkoro I (1843–1858)	Spain Benga people, from Corisco Bay, loyal to Bonkoro I and under Spanish protectorate	Benga people rebels led by Imunga	Stalemate The throne of the ndowés (Kingdom of Corisco) remains separated into two branches (Cabo San Juan and the north of the Corisco island) since 1843. Bonkoro I flee to Cape san juanand complies the arrangement with Juan José Lerena y Barry (Treaty of Tika) of stablishing a Spanish protectorate. His son, king Bonkoro II recognized Spanish sovereignty over Cabo San Juan, including several towns that had not been ceded by his father, such as Corisco and Elobey. Imunga proclaims himself as king Munga I of Kombe people, then reigned in Corisco between the years 1848 and 1858, date on which he received the support of the first Spanish governor, Carlos de Chacón y Michelena, who appointed him lieutenant governor of Corisco, transforming also in a Spanish protectorate. In 1906 the two parts of the kingdom (Cabo San Juan and northern Corisco) were reunited under the kingdom of Santiago Uganda.
Second Carlist War (1846–49) Part of Carlist Wars	Spain	Carlist insurgents	Liberal victory	10,000 dead[64]
Patuleia (1846) part of Revolution of Maria da Fonte	Forces of Queen Maria II Cartista (conservative liberals) Quadruple Alliance Spain United Kingdom	Junta in Porto forces Septembrists (radical liberals) Miguelist (traditionalists)	Victory Convention of Gramido
Spanish expedition to Balanguingui (1848)	Spain Philippines	Moro Pirates	Victory
Cochinchina Campaign (1858–62) Siege of Tourane Siege of Đà Nẵng Siege of Saigon Battle of Ky Hoa Capture of Mỹ Tho Capture of Biên Hòa Capture of Vĩnh Long	Spain Philippines French Empire	Đại Nam	Victory Treaty of Saigon: Cochinchina becomes a French colony.
Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60) Battle of Castillejos Battle of Tétouan	Spain	Morocco	Victory Treaty of Wad-Ras: Morocco recognises Spanish sovereignty over Sidi Ifni and Western Sahara. Morocco pays 400 million reales as war reparations	1,152 killed[65] 2,888 died of disease[65]
Expedition of the Thousand (1860–61)	Two Sicilies Supported by Papal States French Empire Spain	Sardinia Supported by United Kingdom	Defeat Unification of Italy by House of Savoy against Spanish allies of House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and House of Bourbon-Parma.
Franco-Mexican War (1861–67)	French Empire Mexican Empire Supported by Austrian Empire Spain (until 1862) United Kingdom (until 1862) Belgium Eyalet of Egypt Confederate exiles Polish exiles	Mexican republicans Supported by United States	Withdrawal Establishment, then fall, of the Second Mexican Empire French withdrawal Execution of Emperor Maximilian I, Miguel Miramon, and Tomas Mejia.
Loja uprising (1861)	Spain	Socialists	Victory
Dominican Restoration War (1863–65) Battle of Monte Cristi	Spain Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (Dominican annexationists) Captaincy General of Puerto Rico Captaincy General of Cuba	Dominican Republic	Defeat Restoration of Dominican sovereignty	10,888 killed or wounded 30,000 died of disease
Chincha Islands War (1864–66) Battle of Papudo Battle of Abtao Capture of the Paquete de Maule Valparaíso bombardment Battle of Callao Action of 22 August 1866	Spain	Chile Peru Nominal participation: Ecuador Bolivia	Indecisive, both sides claimed victory The state of war is maintained between the belligerent parties until the signing of an indefinite armistice in 1871. Peace treaties between Spain and Perú (1879), Bolivia (1879), Chile (1883) and Ecuador (1885).	300[65]
Glorious Revolution (1868)	Kingdom of Spain Moderate Party	Revolutionaries Liberal Union Progressive Party Democratic Party	Defeat Expulsion of Isabella II and Establishment of a Provisional Government Start of Sexenio Democrático

Restoration

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results	Casualties
Battle of the Cucumber (1868)	Spain Captaincy General of Puerto Rico	Puerto Rico rebels	Victory
Ten Years' War (1868–78) Battle of Pino de Baire Battle of Las Guasimas	Spain Captaincy General of Cuba	Cuban rebels	Victory Pact of Zanjón	90,000 dead[64]
Cavite mutiny (1872)	Spain Captaincy General of the Philippines	Filipino mutineers	Victory
Third Carlist War (1872–76) Part of Carlist Wars	Kingdom of Spain (1872–73) I Republic (1873–74) Kingdom of Spain (1875–76)	Carlist insurgents	Royal Victory	50,000 dead[64]
Cantonal rebellion (1872–74)	I Republic	Canton of Cartagena Cantonalist	Victory of the Republican Government
Little War (1879–1880)	Spain	Cuban rebels	Victory
Carolines Question (1885)	Spain Spanish East Indies	Germany German New Guinea	Victory
First Melillan campaign (1893–1894)	Spain	Kingdom of Morocco	Victory Treaty of Fez: Morocco pays war reparations of 20 million pesetas and pledges to pacify northern provinces. Melilla hinterlands ceded to Spain.
Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898) Action of 25 April 1898 First Battle of Cárdenas Battle of Cárdenas Battle of Cienfuegos Battle of Guantánamo Bay Action of 13 June 1898 Battle of Las Guasimas First Battle of Manzanillo Battle of Tayacoba Battle of the Aguadores Battle of El Caney Battle of San Juan Hill Second Battle of Manzanillo Battle of Santiago de Cuba Siege of Santiago Third Battle of Manzanillo Battle of Nipe Bay Battle of Rio Manimani	Spain Captaincy General of Cuba	Cuban rebels United States	Defeat American Intervention; Expulsion of the Spanish colonial government during Spanish–American War (1898). Treaty of Paris Protectorate over Cuba Cuban independence	45,100 dead[64]
Philippine Revolution (1896–1898) Cry of Pugad Lawin Battle of Manila Battle of Sambat Cry of Tarlac Battle of Pasong Tamo Battle of San Juan del Monte Battle of San Mateo and Montalban 1896 Manila mutiny Battle of San Francisco De Malabon Battle of Noveleta Kawit Revolt Cry of Nueva Ecija Battle of Imus Battle of San Francisco de Malabon Battle of Talisay Battles of Batangas Battle of Binakayan-Dalahican Battle of Pateros Battle of Kakarong de Sili Battle of Zapote Bridge Battle of Perez Dasmariñas Retreat to Montalban Battle of Aliaga Raid at Paombong Battle of Tres de Abril Battle of Camalig Battle of Calamba Battle of Alapan Siege of Baler Battle of Tayabas Battle of Manila Siege of Masbate Negros Revolution Battle of Barrio Yoting Battle of Sapong Hills Siege of Zamboanga	Spain Philippines loyalists Guardia Civil	Katipunan Revolutionaries 1896-1897 Tagalog Republic 1897 Republic of Biak-na-Bato (until 1897) Filipino rebels (1898) United States (1898)	Peace Treaty (1897) Signing of Pact of Biak-na-Bato. Defeat (1898) Resumption of hostilities during Spanish–American War. Expulsion of the Spanish colonial government. Establishment of First Philippine Republic with Emilio Aguinaldo as the first President (1899) Outbreak of the Philippine–American War (1899).
Spanish–American War (1898)	Spain Captaincy General of Puerto Rico Captaincy General of Cuba Spanish East Indies	United States	Defeat	1,000 killed 800 wounded 15,000 died of disease 30,000 captured
1898 Guinean rebellion led by Sas-Ebuera (1898)	Spain Spanish Guinea	Bubis rebels	Victory
Siege of the International Legations (1900) Part of Boxer Rebellion	Eight-Nation Alliance France British Empire Australia New Zealand India Russia Japan Germany United States Italy Austria-Hungary Netherlands Belgium Spain Mutual Protection of Southeast China	Qing dynasty Yìhéquán	Victory Boxer Protocol
Second Melillan campaign (1909–1910) Part of Spanish-Moroccan conflicts and Scramble for Africa	Spain	Rif tribes	Victory Melilla territory extended to Cape Three Forks and the Bḥar Ameẓẓyan lagoon
Kert campaign (1911–1912) Part of Spanish-Moroccan conflicts and Scramble for Africa	Spain	Riffian tribes	Victory Consolidation of the Spanish-controlled territory in Kelaïa east of the Kert River
Bubi uprising of 1910 (1910)	Spain Spanish Guinea	Bubis rebels	Victory Colonial forces pressured King Malabo to influence local chiefs and prevent further confrontation
Río Muni Punishment Expedition (1918)	Spain Spanish Guinea	Fang people Mawomo	Victory Colonial Guard of Spanish Guinea will do military campaigns to subdue the indigenous Fang people in Río Muni until 1929.
Rif War (1920–1926)	Spain Spanish protectorate in Morocco France French protectorate in Morocco	Republic of the Rif	Victory Debellation of the Republic of the Rif	18,000 killed or died of disease 5,000 wounded or missing
Jaca uprising (1930)	Kingdom of Spain	Spanish republicans	Victory

Second Spanish Republic

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results	Casualties
Revolution of 1934 Asturian miners' strike of 1934 Events of 6 October	Spanish Republic	Asturian Workers Alliance PSOE UGT CNT Militias Catalan State Mossos d'Esquadra Escamots	Victory The Spanish Republican government effectively eliminates the rebellions in Asturias and Catalonia.
Spanish Civil War (1936–39) (See Category:Battles of the Spanish Civil War for battles)	Spain People's Army Popular Front UGT CNT-FAI Generalitat de Catalunya Euzko Gudarostea Supported by: Soviet Union Mexico Volunteers International Brigades	Rebel or Nationalist faction FET y de las JONS[lower-alpha 4] FE de las JONS[lower-alpha 5] Requetés/CT[lower-alpha 5] CEDA[lower-alpha 5] Renovación Española[lower-alpha 5] Army of Africa Supported by: Italy Germany Portugal	Nationalist faction victory Defeat of the Second Spanish Republic Beginning of Franco's dictatorship	500,000–1,000,000 dead

Francoist Spain

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results	Casualties
Spanish occupation of Tangier (1940–1945)	Spain Spanish protectorate in Morocco	Tangier International Zone	Inconclusive Spanish withdrawal after the end of World War II
Eastern Front (World War II) (1941–1945) Volunteers only Siege of Leningrad Battle of Krasny Bor	Axis powers Germany Romania (until 1944) Italy (until 1943) Hungary Axis puppet states Slovakia Croatia Co-belligerents Finland (until 1944) Bulgaria (until 1944) Spain Spanish Volunteers Blue Division (until 1944)	Allies Soviet Union Poland Czechoslovakia (from 1943) Yugoslavia (from 1944) Tuva (until 1944) Former Axis powers or co-belligerents Romania (from 1944) Bulgaria (from 1944) Finland (from 1944) Aerial and naval only United States United Kingdom Free France (1943–45) Volunteers Exiled Spanish Republic Volunteers La Nueve	Soviet-allied victory	22,700
Ifni War (1957–1958)	Spain Ifni France Colonial Mauritania	Morocco	Victory Treaty of Angra de Cintra	190 dead
Basque Conflict (1959–1975)	Spain	Euskadi Ta Askatasuna	Inconclusive ETA continued its terrorist activities during the Spanish transition to democracy period and the subsequent Spanish Democracy pursuant to the 1978 Constitution
Western Sahara Revolt (1973–75)	Spain Spanish Sahara	Polisario Front of National Liberation	Inconclusive Spanish unilateral withdrawal from the Sahara pursuant to the 1975 tripartite Madrid Accords The Polisario Front continued the struggle for self-determination against Mauritania and Morocco.
Green March (1975)	Spain Spanish Sahara	Morocco	Inconclusive Morocco annexation of Western Sahara and start of Western Sahara conflict.

Modern

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Basque Conflict (1975–2011)	Spain France Supported by: European Union United Kingdom United States Canada	Euskadi Ta Askatasuna	Victory ETA declares definitive cessation of its terrorist activities.
Gulf War (1991)	Kuwait United States United Kingdom Spain Saudi Arabia France Egypt Syria Other Allies	Iraq	Victory Kuwait regains its independence
Somali Civil War (1992–1995)	United States United Kingdom Spain Saudi Arabia Malaysia Pakistan Italy India Greece Germany France Canada Botswana Belgium Australia	Somalia	Victory UN humanitarian mandate fulfilled. About 100,000 lives were saved by outside resistance. Civil war is ongoing.
Bosnian intervention (1992–1996) Operation Deliberate Force Part of Yugoslav Wars and NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina	NATO United Nations Protection Force	FR Yugoslavia	Victory Dayton Accords: Siege of Sarajevo lifted. Bosnian Serbs return to negotiations.
Turbot War (1994-1996)	Spain European Union	Canada	Defeat Canadian Position Recognized In 1996, Canada agrees not to apply its laws to Spanish fishing vessels with criteria of extraterritoriality.
Kosovo War (1998–99) part of Yugoslav Wars	KLA NATO	FR Yugoslavia	Victory Kumanovo Treaty Yugoslav forces pull out of Kosovo
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) Battle of Sabzak	Afghanistan ISAF	Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan	Defeat Fall of Taliban regime Osama bin Laden killed Renewed Taliban offensive in 2021 Taliban forces capture Kabul on August 15, 2021
Perejil Island crisis (2002)	Spain	Morocco	Victory Moroccan soldiers removed by Spanish military
Iraq War (2003–04)	MNF–I United States United Kingdom Poland Denmark Australia (2003–09) Italy (2003–06) Spain (2003–04) Dominican Republic (2003–04) Honduras (2003–04) Nicaragua (2003–04) El Salvador (2003–09) Iraq after the fall of Saddam Hussein Iraqi Kurdistan	Iraq under Saddam Hussein Various insurgents	Coalition victory Fall of Ba'athist rule in Iraq Deployment in Najaf Spanish withdrawal in 2004, escalation of sectarian insurgency after U.S. withdrawal in 2011
Boko Haram insurgency (2009–)	Nigeria Cameroon Chad Niger Supported by: African Union Belgium Benin Canada China Colombia France Iran Israel Italy Spain United Kingdom United States	Boko Haram	Ongoing
Libyan intervention (2011) Part of Libyan Civil War	Many NATO members acting under UN mandate and Anti-Gaddafi forces several Arab League states Sweden	Pro-Gaddafi forces	Victory Fall of Gaddafi regime Muammar Gaddafi killed National Transitional Council take control
2012 Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera incident (2012)	Spain	Morocco	Victory Moroccan activists arrested
Mali War (2012–) Operation Serval Part of Islamist insurgency in the Sahel	France Mali Chad Spain [66] Poland United Kingdom Germany	Ansar Dine Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb ISIL Azawad	Ongoing
Military intervention against ISIL (2014–) Part of War on terror	United States Belgium (2014–17) Denmark Sweden France Germany Italy Turkey (2014–17) Netherlands Jordan Morocco (2014–16) Spain[67][68] United Kingdom	ISIL	Ongoing

Notes

Fought against England during Despenser's Crusade.
Fought with England during the Caroline War.
Fought with England during Despenser's Crusade.
The only party under Francisco Franco from 1937 onward, a merger of the other factions on the Nationalist side.
1936–1937, then merged into FET y de las JONS

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"Eighteenth Century Death Tolls". necrometrics.com.
Newman, Gerald; Brown, Leslie Ellen; Graham Cummings, A. J.; Fruchtman (Jr.), Jack; Tasch, Peter A. (1997). Britain in the Hanoverian Age, 1714–1837: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780815303961.
"Eighteenth Century Death Tolls". necrometrics.com.
"Eighteenth Century Death Tolls". necrometrics.com.
"Tahití hubiera podido ser española". vivatacademia.web.uah.es. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
Jorge Ortiz Sotelo (2005). "Expediciones peruanas a Tahití, siglo XVIII" [Peruvian expeditions to Tahiti, 18th century] (PDF). Derroteros de la Mar del Sur (in Spanish) (13): 95–103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2007. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
Serulnikov, Sergio (2013). Revolution in the Andes: The Age of Túpac Amaru. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822354833.
Robins, Nicholas A. (19 January 2002). Genocide and Millennialism in Upper Peru: The Great Rebellion of 1780-1782. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780275975692 – via Google Books.
Northwest Indian War
"De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios". remilitari.com.
British intervention in Spanish American independence
Congress of Verona
"Victimario Histórico Militar".
"Nineteenth Century Death Tolls". necrometrics.com.
"España promete ayuda militar y apoyo logístico a Mali en la guerra contra Ansar Dine". Cuartopoder (in Spanish). 13 January 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
González, Miguel (22 October 2014). "El Congreso apoya la misión en Irak". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
González, Miguel (25 November 2017). "Cuando España volvió a la guerra". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 21 June 2023.

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[8] Fought against England during Despenser's Crusade.

[9] Fought with England during the Caroline War.

[10] Fought with England during Despenser's Crusade.

[FetJons-69] The only party under Francisco Franco from 1937 onward, a merger of the other factions on the Nationalist side.

[Natmerge-70] 1936–1937, then merged into FET y de las JONS

[1] Wise Bauer, Susan (2010). The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 369. ISBN 9780393078176.

[2] Dupuy, R. Ernest; Dupuy, Trevor N. (1986). The Encyclopedia of Military History from 3500 B.C. to the Present (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row Publishers. ISBN 0-06-181235-8.

[3] Thomas F. Glick. Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages. (Princeton, Princeton University Press), p. 38

[4] Abbasid–Carolingian alliance

[DK-5] D. K (October 2009). War. Dorling Kindersley Limited. ISBN 9781405347785.

[Heath-6] Heath, Ian (5 June 2016). Armies of Feudal Europe 1066–1300. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781326686215.

[Enc_Duitsland-7] "Duitsland §6. Geschiedenis". Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins (in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 2002.

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[12] Philippe Contamine, War in the Middle Ages, p.257 (citing Hillgarth, The Spanish Kingdoms, i.342)

[13] White, Matthew (7 November 2011). Atrocities: The 100 Deadliest Episodes in Human History. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393083309.

[Tuchman548-14] Tuchman, Barbara W. (1978). A Distant Mirror: the Calamitous 14th Century. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-345-28394-5.

[Hunyadi-15] The Crusades and the military orders: expanding the frontiers of latin christianity; Zsolt Hunyadi page 226

[16] Valerii︠a︡ Fol, Bulgaria: History Retold in Brief, (Riga, 1999), 103.

[17] Bell, Adrian. "English Members of the Order of the Passion: Their Political, Diplomatic and Military Significance". In Philippe de Mézières and His Age, (Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2012) doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004211445_018 “whether his influence encouraged the involvement of an English force at the battle of Nicopolis in 1396”

[18] Belhatem, Romaissa, and Fatima Maameri. "British foreign policy towards the Ottoman empire." (2019). p.6. “In fact, the English contributed a thousand crusaders under Lord Huntington”

[Madgearu90-19] Alexandru Madgearu, The Wars of the Balkan Peninsula: Their Medieval Origins, ed. Martin Gordon, (Scarecrow Press, 2008), 90.

[20] Portuguese expedition to Otranto

[Jaques-21] Jaques, Tony (19 January 2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: P-Z. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313335396 – via Google Books.

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[24] Ramerini, Marco (16 February 2014). "The Spanish Presence in the Moluccas: Ternate and Tidore". Colonial Voyage. Retrieved 20 June 2023.

[25] Ramerini, Marco (15 May 2023). "Moluccas 2 - The conquest of Ternate, 1606". Colonial Voyage. Retrieved 20 June 2023.

[26] Ramerini, Marco (1 January 2005). "The Spanish presence in the Moluccas: The fortifications of Ternate - Ramerini Marco". www.colonialvoyage.com (First published: 2005).

[27] 1527 election in Cetin

[Levy4-28] Levy, Jack S. (15 July 2014). War in the Modern Great Power System: 1495--1975. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 9780813163659 – via Google Books.

[29] "MÉXICO EN LA CONQUISTA DE FILIPINAS". exploramex.com. Retrieved 20 June 2023.

[30] Ottoman embassy to Aceh

[31] Tampico, Vladimir Meza | El Sol de. "La batalla de Cagayán, tlaxcaltecas contra piratas y ¿samuráis?". El Sol de Tampico | Noticias Locales, Policiacas, sobre México, Tamaulipas y el Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 June 2023.

[MKT-32] Csorba, Csaba; Estók, János; Salamon, Konrád (1998). Magyarország Képes Története. Budapest: Hungarian Book-Club. ISBN 963-548-961-7. 62.-64. p.

[Hayden_p._22-33] Hayden p.22

[34] The Spanish army under Spinola refused to give up the key fortress of Wesel. Hayden p.22

[35] Jan Glete, La guerra sul mare 1500-1650, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2010, p. 161.

[36] "History of Ayutthaya - Foreign Settlements - Portuguese Settlement". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.

[37] "History of Ayutthaya - Essays - Spain". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.

[38] "History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1600-1649". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.

[39] Parker p.146

[Thion-18-40] Thion p.18

[Kirk-100-41] Kirk p.100

[42] "Charles I and the Spanish Plot: Anglo-Habsburg Relations and the Outbreak of the War of Three Kingdoms, 1630–1641" (PDF). The Anglo-Spanish War of 1625–1630 proved a miserable and ill-led affair for England and wholly unprofitable for English merchants

[43] Treaty of alliance between France and Portugal concluded at Paris, 1 June 1641. Davenport, Frances Gardiner: European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies to 1648. Clark, New Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2012. ISBN 9781584774228, pp. 324–328

[44] English expedition to Portugal (1662–1668)

[45] Birmingham, p.51

[46] Amigo Vázquez, Lourdes (2019). "Un nuevo escenario de la guerra con Francia. La intervención española en la Fronda (1648–1653)". Studia historica. Historia moderna (in Spanish). España. 41 (1): 153–188. doi:10.14201/shhmo2019411153188. hdl:10366/142076. S2CID 198725766.

[47] "Абдусаламов Магомед-паша Балашович Феодальные междоусобицы кумыкских владетелей во второй половине XVII века", ИСОМ, no. 4, C.33, 2014, retrieved 26 May 2023

[:2-48] From 1703 started the Rákóczi's War of Independence as a proxy conflict of the Habsburg-Bourbon conflict during Spanish Succession War. Spanish mercenaries fought in the Hungarian conflict for both sides due to alliances.

[49] The Acts of Union of 1707 united the crowns of England and Scotland, forming the Kingdom of Great Britain. For much of the war, Scottish units were under Dutch pay and operated as part of the army of the Dutch Republic.

[GB-50] In 1707, the kingdoms of England and Scotland were unified as the Kingdom of Great Britain, sharing a single Parliament at Westminster under the Act of Union 1707. After this, Scottish troops joined their English counterparts in all colonial wars.

[51] From H.M.C. Brown to Peter P. Pitchlynn. Re: rumors of a band of Comanches and Apaches of hostile nature gathering. "Peter P. Pitchlynn Collection" Archived 17 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Western Histories Collection, University of Oklahoma Libraries

[52] Cesáreo Fernández Duro, Armada española desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y de León, Est. tipográfico Sucesores de Rivadeneyra, Madrid, 1902, Vol. VI, p. 118

[53] "Eighteenth Century Death Tolls". necrometrics.com.

[54] Nash, Jay Robert (18 May 1976). Darkest Hours. M. Evans. ISBN 9781590775264.

[necrometrics-55] "Eighteenth Century Death Tolls". necrometrics.com.

[56] Newman, Gerald; Brown, Leslie Ellen; Graham Cummings, A. J.; Fruchtman (Jr.), Jack; Tasch, Peter A. (1997). Britain in the Hanoverian Age, 1714–1837: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780815303961.

[57] "Eighteenth Century Death Tolls". necrometrics.com.

[58] "Eighteenth Century Death Tolls". necrometrics.com.

[59] "Tahití hubiera podido ser española". vivatacademia.web.uah.es. Retrieved 23 June 2023.

[60] Jorge Ortiz Sotelo (2005). "Expediciones peruanas a Tahití, siglo XVIII" [Peruvian expeditions to Tahiti, 18th century] (PDF). Derroteros de la Mar del Sur (in Spanish) (13): 95–103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2007. Retrieved 23 June 2023.

[:0-61] Serulnikov, Sergio (2013). Revolution in the Andes: The Age of Túpac Amaru. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822354833.

[:3-62] Robins, Nicholas A. (19 January 2002). Genocide and Millennialism in Upper Peru: The Great Rebellion of 1780-1782. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780275975692 – via Google Books.

[63] Northwest Indian War

[64] "De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios". remilitari.com.

[:1-65] British intervention in Spanish American independence

[66] Congress of Verona

[remilitari-67] "Victimario Histórico Militar".

[wars-68] "Nineteenth Century Death Tolls". necrometrics.com.

[71] "España promete ayuda militar y apoyo logístico a Mali en la guerra contra Ansar Dine". Cuartopoder (in Spanish). 13 January 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2023.

[72] González, Miguel (22 October 2014). "El Congreso apoya la misión en Irak". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 21 June 2023.

[73] González, Miguel (25 November 2017). "Cuando España volvió a la guerra". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 21 June 2023.

Lists of wars involving European countries
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Artsakh Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria
Dependencies and other entities	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard