List of driverless train systems

This is a list of driverless train systems, which are capable of GoA3 and GoA4 (GoA3+) according to the Grade of Automation classifications specified by the standard IEC 62290‐1. These are explained diagrammatically by the UITP. This list focuses heavily on trains in the classical sense used for large-scale railways for passengers and freight but does include a few people mover systems. For a similar list for GoA2, see list of semi-automatic train systems.

Automated track-bound traffic
Automatic train operation
Lists of automated train systems
Related topics

Grade-of-Automation 3 systems

These systems are capable of driverless train operation (DTO), although some operators may choose to staff trains anyway.

GoA3 – Americas
Whereas Docklands Light Railway trains are driverless and do not have a separate cab, there is provision for manual operation
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
BrazilSalvador MetroLine 12014SelTrac[1][lower-alpha 1]
Line 22016
São Paulo Metro Line 3 (Red)10 March 1979ATO [lower-alpha 2]
United States Walt Disney World Monorail System2016SelTrac

GoA3 – Asia
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
China (Mainland)Beijing SubwayCapital Airport Express19 July 2008Alstom Urbalis 400
Shanghai Pudong Airport APM16 September 2019FITSCO JeRail
Shanghai MetroLine 5June 2018Thales, Shanghai Electric TSTCBTC2.0Initially operated in GoA1 (Manual operation) [lower-alpha 3][3]
Line 1730 December 2017CASCO TRANAVI[4]
Wuhan MetroYangluo line26 December 2017CASCO[5]
IndonesiaSoekarno–Hatta Airport Skytrain2020SiLSafe 5000[lower-alpha 4]
JapanDisney Resort Line27 July 2001
Pakistan Lahore Metro Orange Line 25 October 2020 CASCO (Alstom)
SingaporeMass Rapid Transit (Singapore)North South MRT line2017[6] Thales SelTrac Convergence CBTC[7]
East West MRT line18 June 2017 (Tuas West extension)
28 May 2018 (whole line)[6]
Sentosa ExpressNovember 2017Hitachi Moving Block Wireless CBTC

GoA3 – Europe
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
BulgariaSofia MetroLine 326 August 2020Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC [8]
HungaryBudapest MetroLine 22013Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[lower-alpha 5]
SpainBarcelona MetroLine 112009Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
TurkeyIstanbul MetroLine M1122 January 2023Aselsan[9]
United KingdomDocklands Light Railway31 August 1987SelTrac[lower-alpha 6]

Grade-of-Automation 4 systems

These systems are capable of unattended train operation (UTO), although some operators may choose to staff trains anyway.

GoA4 – Americas
GTAA LINK
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
BrazilPorto Alegre MetroMetro-Airport Connection10 August 2013Aeromovel
São Paulo Metro Line 1 (Blue) 3 July 2022 Alstom Urbalis CBTC [10]
Line 2 (Green)2 March 2020
Line 3 (Red) December 2022 (Under Conversion)
Line 4 (Yellow)25 May 2010Siemens Trainguard MT CBTCFirst completely driverless metro line in Latin America.[11]
Line 5 (Lilac)12 March 2017Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 7]
Line 15 (Silver)30 August 2014Bombardier CITYFLO 650
CanadaLINK Train6 July 2006DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
SkyTrainExpo Line11 December 1985SelTracThe longest driverless network in the Americas, at 79.6 km.[12]
Millennium Line7 January 2002
Canada Line17 August 2009
REM (Réseau Express Metropolitain) 31 July 2023 (Partially opened; rest of the line under construction) Alstom Metropolis
ChileSantiago MetroLine 322 January 2019SelTrac
Line 62 November 2017
MexicoAerotrén2007DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
United StatesAeroTrain20 January 2010SelTrac
Airport Transit System6 May 1993VAL system
AirTrain JFK17 December 2003SelTrac
AirTrain Newark31 May 1996SelTrac
AirTrain SFO24 February 2003Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Aria Express1 December 2009DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Bay Area Rapid TransitBART to OAK line22 November 2014DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Cincinnati Airport People Mover9 June 1994Otis Hovair
Detroit People Mover31 July 1987SelTrac
DFW Skylink21 May 2005Bombardier CITYFLO 650
DIA Automated Guideway Transit28 February 1995Bombardier CITYFLO 550
ExpressTram24 February 2002Otis Hovair
George Bush Intercontinental Airport People MoversSkyway24 May 1999Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Subway1969WEDway[lower-alpha 8]
Getty Center Tram1997Otis Hovair
Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport People MoversThe Plane Train21 September 1980Bombardier CITYFLO 550
ATL Skytrain8 December 2009
Skyline (Honolulu)30 June 2023Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro / DTG[13]
Huntsville Hospital Tram System19 June 2002Otis Hovair
Jacksonville Skyway1989SelTrac
Las Vegas Monorail2004SelTrac
Mandalay Bay Tram9 April 1999DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
McCarran International Airport Automated People MoversGreen Line1985Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Blue Line1998
Red Line2012
Memphis Suspension Railway1982
Miami International Airport People MoversMIA e Train1980MiniMetro[lower-alpha 9]
Skytrain15 September 2010Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
MIA Mover9 September 2011
Miami Metromover17 April 1986Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Minneapolis–St. Paul Airport TramsHub Tram3 April 2001Otis Hovair
'C' Concourse People Mover5 May 2004
Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit1975
Orlando International Airport People MoversAirside systems1981Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
Intermodal Terminal system2017
PHX Sky Train8 April 2013Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Pittsburgh International Airport People Mover1 October 1992Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Satellite Transit System1973Bombardier CITYFLO 650
SMF Automated People Mover6 October 2011Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Tampa International Airport People MoversAirside systems1971Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Monorail1991
SkyConnect2018 Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
Navajo Mine RailroadGE E60 electric locomotives[lower-alpha 10]
VenezuelaCabletren Bolivariano14 August 2013DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car

GoA4 – Asia
A Magenta Line Train waiting at a station in Delhi
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
China (Mainland)Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3 People MoverMarch 2008Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Beijing SubwayLine 1131 December 2021
Line 17
Line 19
Yanfang line30 December 2017BTCT[14]
Daxing Airport Express26 September 2019[15]
Chengdu MetroLine 918 December 2020Alstom Urbalis 400[16]
Chongqing Rail TransitBishan rubber-tyred tram16 April 2021BYD SkyShuttle
Fuzhou MetroLine 427 August 2023
Jinan MetroLine 226 March 2021[17]
Guangzhou MetroAPM Line8 November 2010Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Nanjing MetroLine 728 December 2022Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[18][19]
Nanning MetroLine 516 December 2021[20]
Ningbo Rail TransitLine 528 December 2021[21]
Shanghai MetroLine 1010 April 2010Alstom/CASCO Urbalis 888[22]Initially operated in GoA2 and GoA3, transitioned to GoA4 in 2020[23]
Line 1430 December 2021Thales, Shanghai Electric TSTCBTC2.0[lower-alpha 11][25][3]
Line 1523 January 2021Alstom Urbalis 400[26]
Line 1826 December 2020
Pujiang line31 March 2018Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Shaoxing MetroLine 226 July 2023
Shenzhen MetroLine 6 Branch28 November 2022
Line 12
Line 1428 October 2022BTCT[27]
Line 1628 December 2022CASCO Urbalis 888[28]
Line 2028 December 2021[29]
Suzhou Rail TransitLine 529 June 2021Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[30]
Line 1124 June 2023CASCO Urbalis 888[31]
Taiyuan MetroLine 226 December 2020
Tianjin MetroLine 828 December 2021[32]
Line 1018 November 2022
Wuhan MetroLine 526 December 2021[33]
Wuhu Rail TransitLine 13 November 2021
Line 228 December 2021
Xi'an MetroLine 1627 June 2023CASCO Urbalis 888[34]
Xi'an Qujiang Sightseeing Monorail16 January 2015 (closed March 2015)
1 May 2023 (re-opening)
Zhengzhou MetroLine 1028 September 2023
Hong KongHong Kong International Airport Automated People Mover6 July 1998SelTrac
MTRDisneyland Resort line1 August 2005SelTracMost trains have an attendant on board
South Island line (East)28 December 2016Alstom Urbalis 400All trains have an attendant on board[35]
IndiaDelhi MetroPink Line14 March 2018Bombardier CITYFLO 65058.59 km (36.41 mi). Initially with an attendant on board[36]
Magenta Line25 December 2017Nippon Signal SPARCSInitially with an attendant on board
Grey Line4 October 2019Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Mumbai MetroLine 22 April 2022
Line 7
IndonesiaJabodebek LRTLRT Line 128 August 2023Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[lower-alpha 12][37][38]
LRT Line 2
LRT Line 3
JapanKanazawa Seaside Line5 July 1989
Kobe New TransitPort Island Line5 February 1981World's first GoA4 line
Rokkō Island Line21 February 1990
Linimo6 March 2005World's first unmanned maglev
Osaka MetroNanko Port Town Line20 October 1991Previously used GoA2 from 1981 to 1991
Skyrail Midorizaka Line28 August 1998People Mover monorail
Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of TransportationNippori-Toneri Liner30 March 2008
Wing Shuttle4 September 1994
Yurikamome1 November 1995Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
MacauMacau Light Rapid TransitTaipa Line10 December 2019[39]
Malaysia KLIA Aerotrain1998Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Rapid KLKelana Jaya Line1 September 1998SelTracThe first GoA4 in Malaysia, at 46.4 km (28.8 mi)
Kajang Line16 December 2016Bombardier CITYFLO 650The second GoA4, at 47 km (29 mi)
Ampang Line2017SelTrac[lower-alpha 13]
Sri Petaling Line
Putrajaya Line16 June 2022Bombardier CITYFLO 650The fifth GoA4 and the longest in Malaysia, at 57.7 km (35.9 mi)
Melaka Monorail4 December 2017
PakistanLahore MetroOrange Line25 October 2020CRRC Zhuzhou LocomotiveThe first driverless metro in Pakistan.
QatarDoha MetroRed Line8 May 2019SelTrac
Green Line10 December 2019
Gold Line21 November 2019
Hamad International Airport Shuttle2014DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Saudi Arabia Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University Automated People Mover 2012 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG [40]
SingaporeChangi Airport Skytrain1990Kyosan APM[lower-alpha 14]
Light Rail Transit (Singapore)Bukit Panjang LRT line6 November 1999Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Sengkang LRT line18 January 2003Kyosan APM
Punggol LRT line29 January 2005
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)North East MRT line20 June 2003Alstom Urbalis 300[lower-alpha 15][lower-alpha 16]
Circle MRT line28 May 2009
Downtown MRT line22 December 2013Siemens Trainguard Sirius CBTC
North South MRT line2017[6] Thales SelTrac Convergence CBTC[7]
East West MRT line18 June 2017 (Tuas West extension)
28 May 2018 (whole line)[6]
Thomson–East Coast MRT line31 January 2020[42]Alstom Urbalis 400
South KoreaBusan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit9 September 2011SelTrac
Busan MetroLine 430 March 2011
Daegu MetroLine 323 April 2015
Incheon Airport Maglev3 February 2016
Incheon Airport Shuttle train20 June 2008
Incheon SubwayLine 230 July 2016SelTrac
Seoul Light Rapid TransitU Line1 July 2012VAL system
Everline26 April 2013Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Ui LRT2 September 2017
Gimpo Goldline28 September 2019Nippon Signal SPARCS
Sillim Line28 May 2022
Seoul Metropolitan SubwayShinbundang Line28 October 2011SelTrac
Wolmi Sea Train8 October 2019Urbanaut
Taiwan Taichung Metro Green Line 25 April 2021 Alstom Urbalis 400
Taipei MetroWenhu line28 March 1996Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 17][lower-alpha 18]
Circular Line31 January 2020AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTCCurrently operated with attendant on-board[40]
Taoyuan International Airport Skytrain18 January 2003
ThailandBTS SkytrainGold Line16 December 2020Bombardier CITYFLO 650
MRT (Bangkok)Yellow Line3 June 2023
TurkeyIstanbul MetroLine M515 September 2017Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 19][43]
Line M86 January 2023Bombardier CITYFLO 650
United Arab EmiratesDubai International Airport Automated People MoverTerminal 1 APM2016
Terminal 3 APMJanuary 2013
Dubai MetroRed Line9 September 2009SelTrac[lower-alpha 20]
Green Line9 September 2011
Palm Jumeirah Monorail30 April 2009

GoA4 – Europe
The Lille Metro is operated using fully automated rubber-tyred VAL vehicles
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
DenmarkCopenhagen MetroLine M119 October 2002AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG[40]
Line M2
Line M329 September 2019 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC
Line M428 March 2020
FranceCDGVALLine 13 April 2007VAL system
Line 227 June 2007
Lille MetroLine A25 April 1983VAL systemFirst line to use the VAL system
Line B1 April 1989
Lyon MetroLine B25 June 2022Alstom Urbalis 400[lower-alpha 21][lower-alpha 22]
Line D11 December 1992
Orlyval2 October 1991VAL system
Paris MetroLine 13 November 2011Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[lower-alpha 21]
Line 412 September 2022 (first GoA4 shuttle)
2023 (Full conversion)		Older manual GoA2 trains are progressively being replaced by GoA4 fully automated shuttles
Line 1415 October 1998
Rennes MetroLine A15 March 2002VAL system
Line B20 September 2022
Toulouse MetroLine A26 June 1993VAL system
Line B30 June 2007
GermanyDortmund H-Bahn2 May 1984SIPEM
Düsseldorf Airport SkyTrain1 July 2002SIPEM
Munich Airport Satellite Terminal Shuttle Train2016Bombardier CITYFLO 650[44]
Nuremberg U-BahnLine U22 January 2010[lower-alpha 21]
Line U314 June 2008
SkyLine1994VAL system
HungaryBudapest MetroLine 428 March 2014Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[45]
ItalyBrescia Metro2 March 2013AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG[40]
Marconi Express18 November 2020Intamin People Mover P30[46]
Milan MetroLine 426 November 2022AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC[40]
Line 510 February 2013 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG
Pisa Mover2017MiniMetro
Rome MetroLine C9 November 2014AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG[40]
SkyBridge1999
Turin MetroLine M14 February 2006VAL system[lower-alpha 23]
Venice People Mover19 April 2010DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
RussiaAutomated Passenger Transportation SystemJune 2018DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
SpainBarcelona MetroLine 913 December 2009Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC47.8 km (29.7 mi)
Line 1010 April 2010
Madrid Barajas Airport People MoverDecember 2005Bombardier CITYFLO 550
SwitzerlandLausanne MetroLine M227 October 2008Alstom Urbalis 300
SkymetroSeptember 2003Otis Hovair
TurkeyIstanbul MetroLine M728 October 2020Bombardier CITYFLO 650
United KingdomAirRail Link7 March 2003DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Gatwick Airport Shuttle Transit1987Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Heathrow Terminal 5 Transit2008Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Stansted Airport Transit System1991Bombardier CITYFLO 550

GoA4 – Oceania
Sydney Metro Alstom Metropolis
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
AustraliaPilbara railwaysRio Tinto iron ore trains from Roy Hill28 December 2018Hitachi AutoHaul[lower-alpha 24]
Sydney MetroNorth West Line26 May 2019Alstom Urbalis 400[lower-alpha 25]

Future systems

Americas
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
BrazilManaus MonorailSelTrac
São Paulo MetroLine 62025Nippon Signal SPARCS[lower-alpha 26][50]
Line 172024SelTrac[51][52]
ChileSantiago MetroLine 72027SelTrac
Line 8
Line 9
PeruLima MetroLine 22023AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC[40]
Line 42025

Asia
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
China (Mainland)Beijing SubwayLine 32024[53]
Line 122024
Line 222025
Line 282025
Guangzhou MetroLine 102024CARS MTC-1[54]
Line 11
Line 12[54]
Qingdao MetroLine 62024[55]
Shanghai MetroLine 192028
Line 202027
Line 212026
Line 232027
Shenzhen MetroLine 132023-2024[56][57][58]
Suzhou Rail TransitLine 62024
Line 7
Line 8
Zhengzhou MetroLine 122023[59]
Zhengxu line
IndiaMumbai MetroLine 32023
Line 42025
Line 5
Line 6
Line 8
Line 9
Line 102024
Line 11
Line 12
Line 13
Line 142026
Navi Mumbai MetroLine 12023Ansaldo STS CBTC
Namma MetroYellow Line2023
Pink Line2025
MalaysiaRapid KLShah Alam Line2024Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Malaysia /

Singapore

 RTS Link 2026
SingaporeMass Rapid Transit (Singapore)Jurong Region Line2027-2029Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC [60]
Cross Island Line2030-2032[61]
South KoreaBusan MetroLine 52026
Seoul Light Rapid TransitDongbuk Line2025
TaiwanNew Taipei MetroSanying line2025AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC[40]
Taoyuan MetroGreen Line2026Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
ThailandMRT (Bangkok)Orange Line2025
Pink Line2023Bombardier CITYFLO 650
TurkeyIstanbul MetroLine M122024Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 27]
Line M13
Line M142024Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 27]
İzmir MetroÜçyol-Çamlıkule Line2026

Europe
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
Czech RepublicPrague MetroLine D
FranceParis MétroLine 132025–2027[lower-alpha 28]
Line 152025–2026Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line 16
Line 17
Line 182026-2027Alstom Urbalis Fluence
Toulouse MetroToulouse Aerospace Express2025Alstom Urbalis Fluence
Marseille MetroLine 12026Alstom Urbalis 400[lower-alpha 29]
Line 22025
GreeceAthens MetroLine 42028Alstom Urbalis 400
Thessaloniki MetroLine 12023AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC
Line 2
IrelandMetroLink (Dublin)2035
United Kingdom Glasgow Subway 2023 Hitachi Rail STS CBTC [lower-alpha 30]
Sweden Stockholm metro Yellow Line 2034 [56][57]

Oceania
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
AustraliaSydney MetroSydney Metro West2030Alstom Urbalis 400
Western Sydney Airport line2026
Suburban Rail Loop (Melbourne)Suburban Rail Loop East2035

Notes
  1. With train captains monitoring in cab
  2. With train captains monitoring in cab
  3. UTO system jointly developed by Thales Group and Shanghai Electric.[2]
  4. Previously operated in manual mode
  5. A supervisor is monitoring the train in the cab
  6. To be converted to GoA4
  7. With train captains monitoring in cab.
  8. Rebuilt in 1981
  9. Rebuilt in 2016
  10. This railroad is GoA2 capable, able to run a train without any person on board for the entire trip out to the Four Corners Generating Station and back to the mines.
  11. UTO system jointly developed by Thales Group and Shanghai Electric.[24]
  12. DTO / GoA 3
  13. With train attendants to drive trains in the event of a disruption.
  14. Original system opened in 1990; upgraded to current system in 2006.
  15. The largest fully automated rapid transit network in the world with 202.4 km (125.8 mi) of automated rail lines.[41] Trains may have an attendant on board. Only North South line and East West line has driving cabins.
  16. North South and East West lines were converted from a lower GoA to a higher GoA
  17. Previously used VAL
  18. System started with an attendant on board each train full-time. Gradually over time, the presence of attendants decreased. By September 2017, trains have attendants only while in long tunnel sections.
  19. On the Asian side of Istanbul
  20. Red Line at 52.1 km (32.4 mi). The longest driverless network in the Middle East.
  21. Converted from manual to automated operation
  22. Rubber-tyred trains controlled by a system known as MAGGALY (Métro Automatique à Grand Gabarit de l'Agglomération Lyonnaise).
  23. First fully automatic metro in Italy. First section opened for the 2006 Winter Olympics, completed in 2014.
  24. The Rio Tinto Group "AutoHaul" system on its iron ore railways in the Pilbara.[47] This system is GoA 4 capable, able to run trains without a single person aboard for the entire trip out to the mines and back to the port. In October 2017 the first fully autonomous test took place over a 100 kilometres (62 mi) section.[48] The group was granted accreditation by Australia's Office of the National Rail Safety Regulator, approving the autonomous operation of iron ore trains in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.[49]
  25. First completely driverless metro line in Australia.
  26. GoA4
  27. UTO Fully driverless system.
  28. Conversion from manual to driverless operation
  29. Conversion from manual to driverless operation
  30. Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4 as part of Subway Modernisation.

References
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