miR-338

miR-338 is a family of brain-specific microRNA precursors found in mammals, including humans.[1] The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precursor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer.[2] This sequence then associates with RISC which effects RNA interference.[3]

miR-338
Conserved secondary structure of miR-338 microRNA precursor
Identifiers
SymbolmiR-338
Alt. SymbolsMIR338
RfamRF00686
miRBaseMI0000814
miRBase familyMIPF0000097
NCBI Gene442906
HGNC31775
OMIM614059
RefSeqNR_029897
Other data
RNA typemiRNA
Domain(s)Mammalia
GO0035195
SO0001244
LocusChr. 17 q25.3
PDB structuresPDBe

miR-338 is located in an intronic region within the gene for apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinase (AATK). It has been predicted that it may downregulate genes which have a downstream negative effect on AATK expression.[4]

Function

miR-338 is a brain-specific miRNA which regulates the expression of cytochrome c oxidase IV (COX4).[1][5] The mature miR-338 miRNA sequence is complementary to a short section of the 3' untranslated region of COX4 mRNA. This mRNA sequence is presented atop a stem-loop structure, indicating it is accessible to miRNA processing.[5]

Applications

miR-338 is dysregulated in neuroblastoma, and could potentially be implemented as a biomarker or future therapeutic agent.[6] miR-338 has also been linked with hepatocellular carcinoma, and a large-scale diagnostic test has been suggested involving measurement of miR-338 expression in tissue samples.[7] Furthermore, miR-338 is one of seven microRNAs whose expression profiles can be combined to give a prediction of the probability of survival of a patient with gastric cancer.[8]

References
  1. Aschrafi A, Schwechter AD, Mameza MG, Natera-Naranjo O, Gioio AE, Kaplan BB (Nov 2008). "MicroRNA-338 regulates local cytochrome c oxidase IV mRNA levels and oxidative phosphorylation in the axons of sympathetic neurons". The Journal of Neuroscience. 28 (47): 12581–90. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3338-08.2008. PMC 3496265. PMID 19020050.
  2. Ambros V (Dec 2001). "microRNAs: tiny regulators with great potential". Cell. 107 (7): 823–6. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00616-X. PMID 11779458. S2CID 14574186.
  3. Gregory RI, Chendrimada TP, Cooch N, Shiekhattar R (Nov 2005). "Human RISC couples microRNA biogenesis and posttranscriptional gene silencing". Cell. 123 (4): 631–40. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.10.022. PMID 16271387. S2CID 16973870.
  4. Barik S (Sep 2008). "An intronic microRNA silences genes that are functionally antagonistic to its host gene". Nucleic Acids Research. 36 (16): 5232–41. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn513. PMC 2532712. PMID 18684991.
  5. Kaplan BB, Gioio AE, Hillefors M, Aschrafi A (2009). "Axonal protein synthesis and the regulation of local mitochondrial function". Cell Biology of the Axon. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. Vol. 48. pp. 225–42. doi:10.1007/400_2009_1. ISBN 978-3-642-03018-5. PMC 2786086. PMID 19343315.
  6. Ragusa M, Majorana A, Banelli B, Barbagallo D, Statello L, Casciano I, Guglielmino MR, Duro LR, Scalia M, Magro G, Di Pietro C, Romani M, Purrello M (Oct 2010). "MIR152, MIR200B, and MIR338, human positional and functional neuroblastoma candidates, are involved in neuroblast differentiation and apoptosis". Journal of Molecular Medicine. 88 (10): 1041–53. doi:10.1007/s00109-010-0643-0. PMID 20574809. S2CID 22215883.
  7. Huang XH, Wang Q, Chen JS, Fu XH, Chen XL, Chen LZ, Li W, Bi J, Zhang LJ, Fu Q, Zeng WT, Cao LQ, Tan HX, Su Q (Aug 2009). "Bead-based microarray analysis of microRNA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: miR-338 is downregulated". Hepatology Research. 39 (8): 786–94. doi:10.1111/j.1872-034X.2009.00502.x. PMID 19473441. S2CID 11863697.
  8. Li X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ding J, Wu K, Fan D (May 2010). "Survival prediction of gastric cancer by a seven-microRNA signature". Gut. 59 (5): 579–85. doi:10.1136/gut.2008.175497. PMID 19951901. S2CID 25196666.

Further reading
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