Pano-Tacanan languages

Pano-Tacanan (also Pano-Takana, Pano-Takánan, Pano-Tacana, Páno-Takána) is a proposed family of languages spoken in Peru, western Brazil, Bolivia and northern Paraguay. There are two close-knit branches, Panoan and Tacanan (Adelaar & Muysken 2004; Kaufman 1990, 1994), with 33 languages. There are lexical and grammatical similarities between the two branches, but it has not yet been demonstrated that these are genetic (Loos 1999).

Pano-Tacanan
(proposed)
Geographic
distribution		southern Amazon
Linguistic classificationMacro-Panoan ?
  • Pano-Tacanan
Subdivisions
Glottologpano1259
Panoan languages (dark green) and Tacanan languages (clear green). Circles indicate locations of modern languages.

Most Panoan languages are spoken in either Peru or western Brazil; a few are in Bolivia. All Tacanan languages are spoken in Bolivia (Ese’ejja is also spoken in Peru).

Genealogical relations

Migliazza has presented lexical evidence in support of a genetic relationship between the Panoan and Yanomaman languages. He also suggests that a Panoan–Chibchan relationship is plausible.[1]

Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with the Arawakan languages due to contact.[2]

Comparison

Below is a list of lexical cognates shared between Proto-Pano and Proto-Takana, demonstrating the genetic relatedness of the Pano and Takana branches. The two branches also share many basic cognate grammatical morphemes.[3]

glossproto-Panoproto-Takanaproto-Pano-Takana
tree*hiwi*akwi**hegwi
tooth*ʂɨ-*t͡ʂe-**ʂɨ-
two*ɾa-ßɨta*beta**bɨta
liver*takwa*takwa**takwa
leaf*pɨɁi*pei ‘to fan’**pɨɁi
bone*ʂao*t͡ʂau**ʂau
tongue*hana*ana**hana
hand*mɨ-*me-**mɨ-
night*(ya)mɨtV*meta**mɨta
skin*ßitsi*biti**bitsi
fire*tsiɁi*ti**tsiɁi
knee*ɾã-*da**da-n
blood*himi*ami**hemi
breast*ʂo-*aṭṣu**aṣu
sun*ßari*badi ‘moon’**badi
I*Ɂɨ*e**Ɂɨ
you (sg.)*mi*mi**mi
come*ßɨ- ‘come, bring’*be- ‘bring’**bɨ-
flesh*nami*ɾami**Nami
fat (n.)*ʂɨni*ṭṣeri**ṣɨNi
fingernail*mɨ̃-tsis[i]*metiji**mɨ-tsizi
foot, leg*ta- ‘foot’*ta- ‘leg’**ta-
lip, edge*kwɨ-*kwe(i)-**kwɨ ~ **kɨ-
cheek*tamo*tamu**tamu
mouth*kwɨʂa[CV]*kwat͡ʂa**kweʂa
elbow*βaȿ(u)-*–batʂu**baṣu
howler monkey*ɾoʔo*duʔu
mother*ɨwa*e-kwa
big*ani*aɾi
flute*ɾɨwɨ*dewe
hole*kini*kani

Bibliography
  • Adelaar, Willem F. H.; & Muysken, Pieter C. (2004). The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
  • Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.), Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages (pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70414-3.
  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). "The native languages of South America." In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
  • Suárez, Jorge A. (1973). Macro-Pano-Tacanan. In International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 137-154. The University of Chicago Press. Accessed from DiACL.

References
  1. American Indian Languages, Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics, Campbell, Lyle, 2000.
  2. Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016). Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas (Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.
  3. Valenzuela, Pilar; Zariquiey, Roberto (2023-02-16). "Language classification in Western Amazonia: Advances in favor of the Pano-Takana hypothesis". LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. 23. doi:10.20396/liames.v23i00.8670150. ISSN 2177-7160.
Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Pano-Takanan reconstructions
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.