List of ruling political parties by country

This is a list of ruling political parties by country, in the form of a table with a link to an overview of political parties in each country and showing which party system is dominant in each country. A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. Individual parties are properly listed in separate articles under each nation.

For other lists, see Lists of political parties.

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The ruling party in a parliamentary system is the political party or coalition of the majority in parliament. It generally forms the central government.

Table

A
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Afghanistan One-party[lower-alpha 1] Taliban 2016 (supreme leader)
See also 2021 takeover
 Abkhazia Multi-party Independents, Amtsakhara
Aitaira		 2022 (parliament)
 Åland Multi-party Centre, Moderate Coalition, ObS, Sustainable Initiative
Liberals, Social Democrats, Future of Åland, Ålandic Democracy[3]		 2019 (legislative)
 Albania Multi-party Socialist Party of Albania, PSD
PD – Alliance for Change (PD, PR, PDIU, PAA, PLL, LZHK, PBDNJ), LSI		 2021 (parliament)
 Alderney Non-partisan Independents
No political parties		 2022 (general)
 Algeria Multi-party National Liberation Front, National Rally for Democracy, Future Front, El-Bina
MSP, LP, FBG, FDJ, EFED, PLJ, Jil Jadid, FAN, El Karama, FNA, FFS		 2021 (legislative)
2019 (presidential)
 Andorra Multi-party Democrats for Andorra, Committed Citizens, Action for Andorra
Concord, Social Democratic Party–Progressives, Andorra Forward		 2023 (parliament)
 Angola Dominant-party People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola
UNITA, PRS, FNLA, PHA		 2022 (general)
 Anguilla Two-party Anguilla Progressive Movement
Anguilla United Front		 2020 (general)
 Antigua and
  Barbuda		 Dominant-party Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party
United Progressive Party, Barbuda People's Movement		 2023 (general)
 Argentina Multi-party Frente de Todos (PJ, FR, Federal Commitment), SER, MPN
Juntos por el Cambio (PRO, UCR), Federal Peronists (CF, VcV, PDC, PS, 3P), FIT-U (PO, PTS), AL-LA		 2021 (legislative)
2019 (general)
 Armenia Multi-party Civil Contract, United Labour Party
Armenia Alliance (ARF, Reborn Armenia, One Armenia), I Have Honor Alliance (RPA, Homeland)		 2021 (parliament)
 Artsakh Multi-party Free Motherland - UCA Alliance, United Motherland
Justice, Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Democratic Party		 2020 (general)
 Aruba Multi-party People's Electoral Movement, RAIZ
AVP, Aruban Sovereignty Movement, RED, Accion 21		 2021 (general)
 Ascension Non-partisan Independents
No political parties		 2022 (general)
 Australia Multi-party Labor Party
Coalition (Liberal Party, National Party) (official opposition), Greens, Centre Alliance, KAP, One Nation, JLN		 2022 (federal)
 Austria Multi-party Austrian People's Party, The Greens
Social Democratic Party, Freedom Party, NEOS		 2019 (legislative)
 Azerbaijan Dominant-party New Azerbaijan Party, VHP, ADMP, VBP, AVP, BQP, Unity Party, MCP
DİP, REAL, BACXP		 2020 (parliament)

B
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Bahamas Two-party Progressive Liberal Party
Free National Movement		 2021 (general)
 Bahrain Dominant-party Pro-monarchy independents, Al Rabitah, Gathering of National Unity
Progressive Democratic Tribune		 2022 (general)
 Bangladesh Dominant-party Awami League, Workers Party, JASAD, Jatiya Party (Manju), BTF
Jatiya Party (Ershad), Bangladesh Nationalist Party, BDB, Gano Forum		 2018 (general)
 Barbados Two-party Barbados Labour Party
No parliamentary opposition, Democratic Labour Party		 2022 (general)
 Belarus Dominant-party Independents, Belaya Rus, Communist Party, RPTS
LDPB[lower-alpha 2]		 2019 (parliament)
 Belgium Multi-party PS, MR, Ecolo, CD&V, Open Vld, Groen, Vooruit
N-VA, Vlaams Belang, PTB/PVDA, Les Engagés, DéFI		 2019 (general)
 Flanders Multi-party N-VA, CD&V, Open Vld
Vooruit, Groen, Vlaams Belang, PTB/PVDA		 2019 (parliament)
 Wallonia Multi-party PS, MR, Ecolo
PTB/PVDA, Les Engagés		 2019 (parliament)
 Brussels Multi-party PS, Ecolo, DéFI, Groen, Open Vld, Vooruit
MR, PTB/PVDA, Les Engagés, DierAnimal, N-VA, Vlaams Belang, CD&V, Agora		 2019 (parliament)
 Belize Two-party People's United Party
United Democratic Party		 2020 (general)
 Benin Multi-party Progressive Union for Renewal, Republican Bloc
The Democrats		 2021 (presidential)
2023 (parliament)
 Bermuda Two-party Progressive Labour Party
One Bermuda Alliance		 2020 (general)
 Bhutan Two-party Bhutan United Party
Bhutan Peace and Prosperity Party		 2018 (legislative)
 Bolivia Multi-party Movement for Socialism
Civic Community (FRI), Creemos (PDC, UCS)		 2020 (general)
 Bonaire Multi-party Bonaire People's Movement
Bonaire Democratic Party, Bonaire Patriotic Union		 2019 (general)
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Multi-party SNSD, HDZ BiH, People and Justice, SDP BiH, DNS, Our Party, ZNG, DEMOS, United Srpska, BHI KF
Party of Democratic Action, Democratic Front-Civic Alliance, SDS, PDP, NES, ZPR		 2022 (general)
 Botswana Dominant-party Botswana Democratic Party
UDC (official opposition), Botswana Patriotic Front, Alliance for Progressives		 2019 (general)
 Brazil Multi-party Brazil of Hope (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, PDT, PSOL-REDE, PSD, MDB, Avante, Cidadania, Solidariedade, PROS
PL, PP, UNIÃO, Republicanos, PSC, Patriota, PTB, PSDB, NOVO, PODE		 2022 (general)
 Brunei One-party Independents
No political parties		 No elections
 Bulgaria Multi-party GERB–SDS, PP–DB
Revival, DPS, BSP for Bulgaria, ITN		 2021 (general)
2023 (legislative)
 Burkina Faso Dominant-party Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration
Civilian government suspended		 2022 coup d'état
 Burundi Dominant-party National Council for the Defense of Democracy
National Congress for Liberty, Union for National Progress		 2020 (general)

C
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Cambodia Dominant-party Cambodian People's Party
FUNCINPEC		 2023 (parliament)
 Cameroon Dominant-party Cameroon People's Democratic Movement
UNDP, Social Democratic Front, CPNR, Cameroon Democratic Union, FNSC, MDR, USM		 2020 (parliament)
 Canada Multi-party Liberal Party (minority), New Democratic Party
Conservative Party (main opposition), Bloc Québécois, Green Party		 2021 (federal)
 Cape Verde Multi-party Movement for Democracy
African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (president's party), UCID		 2021 (presidential)
2021 (parliament)
 Cayman Islands Two-party Independents
People's Progressive Movement		 2021 (general)
 Central African
  Republic		 Multi-party United Hearts Movement
Kwa Na Kwa, URCA, MLPC, MOUNI, RDC and others		 2020-21 (general)
 Chad Dominant-party National Transitional Council
No parliamentary opposition		 2021 coup d'état
 Chile Multi-party Government Alliance (Apruebo Dignidad (Broad Front (CS, RD, Comunes), Chile Digno (PCCh, FREVS, AH), Democratic Socialism (PS, PPD, PR, PL))
Chile Vamos (RN, UDI, Evópoli), Christian Social Front (PLR, PSC), PDC, PDG, AxCh, Democrats		 2021 (general)
 China (People's Republic of) One-party Chinese Communist Party, other minor political parties (JS, CAPD, CDL, CNDCA, CPWDP, RCCK, CZGP, Taimeng) 2023 (congressional)
 Hong Kong Dominant-party Pro-Beijing camp (DAB, FTU, BPA, NPP, LP, FEW, FLU, Roundtable, PP, KWND, NP, NCF)
Third Side, Pro-democracy camp		 2021 (legislative)
2019 (local)
 Macau Dominant-party Pro-Beijing camp (ACUM, UPD, UMG, UPP, ABL)
Pro-democracy camp (NE), Synergy Power		 2021 (legislative)
 China (Republic of) Multi-party Democratic Progressive Party
Kuomintang (official opposition), People's Party, New Power Party		 2020 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
 Colombia Multi-party Historic Pact, Liberal Party, Green Alliance, Colombia Reborn, ASI, Citizen Force, Commons
Democratic Center, Radical Change, LIGA, PVO, MIRA, Conservative Party, Party of the U, MSN, CJL		 2022 (legislative)
2022 (presidential)
 Comoros Dominant-party Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros
Orange Party		 2020 (legislative)
 Congo Dominant-party Congolese Party of Labour, MAR, RDPS
UPADS, UDH-Yuki, MAR, PRL, Club 2002, DRD, RDPS, APC, MUST, MDC, CPR, URDP, RC, MCDDI		 2021 (presidential)
2022 (parliament)
 DR Congo Multi-party President: UDPS; Parliament: Common Front for Congo
Parliamentary opposition: Lamuka, Heading for Change		 2018 (general)
2019 (senate)
 Cook Islands Multi-party Cook Islands Party, Pro-government independents
Democratic Party, Cook Islands United Party, One Cook Islands Movement		 2022 (general)
 Costa Rica Multi-party Social Democratic Progress Party (minority)
PLN, PUSC, PNR, PLP, Broad Front		 2022 (general)
 Croatia Multi-party Croatian Democratic Union (incl. HDS), SDSS, HSLS, HNS-LD, HSU
Social Democrats, SDP, The Bridge, DP (incl. BLOK), Green–Left (We can!, NL), Sovereignists, Centre-GLAS, HSS-RF, IDS-DDI, Focus (incl. DBNL, NS-R)		 2020 (parliament)
 Cuba One-party Communist Party of Cuba 2023 (parliament)
 Curaçao Multi-party MFK, National People's Party
PAR, Partido MAN, Kòrsou Esun Miho, Work for Curaçao		 2021 (general)
 Cyprus Multi-party Democratic Party, Democratic Alignment, EDEK
Democratic Rally, AKEL, ELAM, KOSP		 2023 (presidential)
2021 (legislative)
 Czech Republic Multi-party SPOLU (ODS, KDU–ČSL, TOP 09), PaS (STAN, Pirate Party)
ANO 2011, Freedom and Direct Democracy		 2021 (legislative)
2023 (presidential)

D
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Denmark Multi-party Social Democrats, Venstre, Moderates, Union Party, Social Democratic Party, Siumut, Inuit Ataqatigiit
Green Left, Denmark Democrats, Liberals, Conservatives, Red–Greens, Social Liberals, Alternative, New Right, DF		 2022 (general)
 Djibouti Dominant-party Union for the Presidential Majority (RPP, FRUD, PND, PSD, UPR)
UDJ		 2021 (presidential)
2023 (parliament)
 Dominica Dominant-party Dominica Labour Party
No parliamentary opposition, Team Unity Dominica, United Workers' Party		 2022 (general)
 Dominican Republic Multi-party Modern Revolutionary Party, Broad Front, APD, Dominicans for Change, PHD, BIS, PRSD, PQDC, PCR
Dominican Liberation Party, People's Force, PRSC, Dominican Revolutionary Party, ALPAÍS, PLR		 2020 (general)

E
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 East Timor Multi-party National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction, Democratic Party
FRETILIN, KHUNTO, People's Liberation Party		 2023 (parliament)
2022 (presidential)
 Ecuador Multi-party CREO, PSE, MC, MEU, Avanza, PSP, MDS, UE, MC25, Pachakutik, ID
Union for Hope (Citizen Revolution, CD), Social Christian Party		 2021 (general)
 Egypt Dominant-party Independents, Nation's Future Party, RPP, New Wafd, HDP, MEP, SDP
CDM (RDP, ESDP, Justice) Tagammu, Conference, EFP, Al-Nour, EPM, EGP		 2018 (presidential)
2020 (parliament)
 El Salvador Multi-party Nuevas Ideas, GANA, PCN, PDC
ARENA, FMLN, Nuestro Tiempo, Vamos		 2019 (presidential)
2021 (legislative)
 Equatorial Guinea Dominant-party Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea
No parliamentary opposition, Convergence for Social Democracy		 2022 (general)
 Eritrea One-party People's Front for Democracy and Justice Elections postponed
 Estonia Multi-party Reform Party, Estonia 200, Social Democratic Party
Conservative People's Party, Centre Party, Isamaa		 2023 (parliament)
 Eswatini Non-partisan Independents
No political parties		 2018 (general)
 Ethiopia Dominant-party Prosperity Party
NaMA, EZEMA, Gedeo People's Democratic Organization		 2021 (general)
 European Union Multi-party EPP, PES, ALDE
ECR, ID, EGP, EFA, PEL, EDP, ECPM		 2019 (parliament)

F
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Falkland Islands Non-partisan Independents
No political parties		 2021 (general)
 Faroe Islands Multi-party Social Democratic Party, Republic, Progress
Union Party, People's Party, Centre Party		 2022 (general)
 Fiji Multi-party People's Alliance, National Federation Party, SODELPA
FijiFirst		 2022 (general)
 Finland Multi-party National Coalition, Finns Party, Christian Democrats, Swedish People's Party
SDP, Centre Party, The Greens, Left Alliance, Movement Now		 2023 (parliament)
 France Multi-party RE, MoDem, HOR, MR (minority)
RN (main opposition), LFI, LR, PS, EELV, PCF, DLF, REC		 2022 (presidential)
2022 (legislative)
 French Guiana Multi-party DVG, Péyi Guyane, La France Insoumise, MDES, Socialist Party
DVC, Guiana Rally, The Republicans		 2021 (regional)
 French Polynesia Multi-party Tāvini Huiraʻatira
Tapura Huiraatira, A here ia Porinetia, ʻĀmuitahiraʻa		 2023 (legislative)

G
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other Parties		Last election
 Gabon Dominant-party Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions
Civilian government suspended		 2023 coup d'état
 Gambia Multi-party National People's Party, National Reconciliation Party, APRC
United Democratic Party, PDOIS		 2021 (presidential)
2022 (parliament)
 Georgia Multi-party Georgian Dream, People's Power
Strength Is in Unity (ENM, SK, PdT, EDP), For Georgia, Girchi, European Socialists, Strategy Builder, Lelo, Citizens, SRP, KdS		 2020 (parliament)
 Germany Multi-party Social Democratic Party, A90/Greens, Free Democratic Party
Christian Democratic Union of Germany(CDU/CSU), AfD, The Left		 2021 (federal)
 Ghana Two-party New Patriotic Party
National Democratic Congress		 2020 (general)
 Gibraltar Multi-party GSLP–Liberal Alliance (GSLP, LPG)
Gibraltar Social Democrats, Together Gibraltar		 2019 (general)
 Greece Multi-party New Democracy
Syriza (official opposition), PASOK-KINAL (PASOK, KIDISO), KKE, Greek Solution, Spartans, Victory, Course of Freedom		 2023 (legislative)
 Greenland Multi-party Inuit Ataqatigiit, Naleraq, Atassut
Siumut, Democrats		 2021 (general)
 Grenada Two-party National Democratic Congress
New National Party		 2022 (general)
 Guadeloupe Multi-party GUSR, DVC
Plural Left		 2021 (regional)
 Guatemala Multi-party Semilla, TBD
Vamos, UNE, Cabal, VIVA, Valor-PU, VOS, Todos, Winaq-URNG, PPN, BIEN, Victoria, PA, CE, CREO, Cambio		 2023 (general)
 Guernsey Multi-party Independents
Future Guernsey, Guernsey Party		 2020 (general)
 Guinea Dominant-party National Committee of Reconciliation and Development
Civilian government suspended		 2021 coup d'état
 Guinea-Bissau Multi-party PAI – Terra Ranka (PAIGC and others), PRS, PTG
Madem G15 (president's party), Assembly of the People United		 2019 (presidential)
2023 (legislative)
 Guyana Multi-party People's Progressive Party
People's National Congress (APNU, AFC) (official opposition), LJP–ANUG–TNM		 2020 (legislative)

H
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Haiti Multi-party Non-partisan acting government
Parliament now dissolved, Tèt Kale, Inite, Haiti in Action, OPL, RDNP, Fanmi Lavalas, Renmen, Platfom Pitit Desalin, UNCRH, PFSDH		 2016–17 (senate)
Nov 2016 (presidential)
 Honduras Multi-party Liberty and Refoundation, Savior Party of Honduras, PINU, Christian Democratic Party
National Party, Liberal Party, Anti-Corruption Party		 2021 (general)
 Hungary Multi-party Fidesz–KDNP (Fidesz, KDNP), LdU
United for Hungary (DK, Momentum, MSZP, Jobbik, Dialogue, LMP, MMM), Our Homeland Movement		 2022 (parliament)

I
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Iceland Multi-party Independence Party, Progressive Party, Left-Green Movement
Samfylkingin, People's Party, Pirate Party, Liberal Reform Party, Centre Party		 2021 (parliament)
 India Multi-party National Democratic Alliance (BJP, SS, AD(S), AJSU, NDPP, NPP, NPF, MNF, SKM, JD(S), AGP)
INDIA (INC, DMK, AITC, AAP, JDU, CPI(M), SS (UBT), NCP, RJD, JKNC, IUML, JMM, SP, CPI, RSP, VCK)
Others (YSRCP, BJD, BSP, BRS, TDP, SAD, AIMIM, AIUDF, KC(M), RLP, AIADMK)		 2019 (general)
 Indonesia Multi-party Onward Indonesia Coalition (PDI-P, Golkar, Gerindra Party, Nasdem Party, PKB, PAN, PPP)
Democratic Party, PKS		 2019 (general)
 Iran Dominant-party[lower-alpha 3] Principlists (SHANA, Stability Front)
Reformists (Moderation and Development Party, Executives of Construction Party), independents		 2021 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
 Iraq Multi-party Takadum, State of Law, PDK, Fatah, PUK, Azem, Victory Alliance, Babylon Movement
Emtidad, New Generation Movement, Tasmim, National Contract, Ishraq Kanoon, NPI, MDR, others		 2021 (parliament)
 Kurdistan Region Multi-party Kurdistan Democratic Party, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
Gorran Movement, New Generation Movement, Kurdistan Justice Group, Kurdistan Islamic Union		 2018 (parliament)
 Ireland Multi-party Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, Green Party
Sinn Féin, Labour Party, Social Democrats, PBP–S, Aontú, Right to Change		 2020 (general)
 Isle of Man Multi-party Independents
Labour Party, Liberal Vannin Party		 2021 (general)
 Israel Multi-party Likud, Shas, UTJ (Degel HaTorah, Agudat), Religious Zionist Party, Otzma, Noam
Yesh Atid, National Unity Party (Resilience Party, New Hope), Yisrael Beiteinu, Ra'am, Hadash (Maki), Labor, Ta'al		 2022 (legislative)
 Italy Multi-party Brothers of Italy, League, Forza Italia, Us Moderates, MAIE
PD–IDP (Democratic Party, Art. 1, DemoS, CD), Five Star Movement, Action – Italia Viva, AVS, +E, SVP, UV		 2022 (general)
 Ivory Coast Dominant-party Rally of Houphouëtists for Democracy and Peace (RDR)
PDCI-RDA, Together for Democracy and Sovereignty, UDPCI, FPI		 2021 (parliament)

J
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Jamaica Two-party Jamaica Labour Party
People's National Party		 2020 (general)
 Japan Dominant-party Liberal Democratic Party, Komeito
Constitutional Democratic Party, Ishin, DPP, Communist Party, Reiwa, SDP, Sanseitō, NHK Party		 2021 (general)
2022 (Sangiin)
 Jersey Multi-party[lower-alpha 4] Independents
Reform Jersey, Jersey Liberal Conservatives, Progress Party		 2022 (general)
 Jordan Dominant-party[lower-alpha 5] Pro-monarchy independents, Jordanian United Front Party, National Loyalty Party
Islamic Action Front, Islamic Centre Party		 2020 (general)

K
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Kazakhstan Dominant-party Amanat
Auyl, Respublica, Aq Jol, People's Party, Nationwide Social Democratic Party		 2022 (presidential)
2023 (legislative)
 Kenya Multi-party Kenya Kwanza (UDA, ANC, UDM, FORD–K, PAA, MCC, UPIA, TSP, CCK, DP, MDG, GDDP, NAP, NOPEU)
Azimio la Umoja (ODM, Jubilee, WDM-K, DAP-K, KANU, KUP, UPA, UDP)		 2022 (general)
 Kiribati Two-party Tobwaan Kiribati Party
Boutokaan Kiribati Moa Party		 2020 (presidential)
2020 (parliament)
 Korea (Democratic People's Republic of) One-party Workers' Party of Korea, other DFRK members (Social Democratic Party, Chondoist Chongu Party, Chongryon) 2019 (parliament)
 Korea (Republic of) Multi-party People Power Party
Democratic Party, Justice Party, Basic Income Party, Transition Korea		 2022 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
 Kuwait Non-partisan Independents
No political parties		 2022 (general)
 Kyrgyzstan Multi-party Mekenchil, Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan, Ishenim, Yntymak
Eldik, Alliance, United Kyrgyzstan, Light of Faith, Social Democrats, Afghans' Party		 2021 (presidential)
2021 (parliament)
 Kosovo Multi-party Vetëvendosje, Guxo, KDTP, NDS, IRDK, Vakat, LPRK, SDU, PAI
PDK, LDK, Serb List, AAK, JGP, RI		 2021 (parliament)

L
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Laos One-party Lao People's Revolutionary Party 2021 (parliament)
 Latvia Multi-party New Unity (Unity), United List (LRA, LZP, LP), National Alliance
Union of Greens and Farmers (LZS, LSDSP, LuV), For Stability!, The Progressives, Latvia First		 2022 (parliament)
 Lebanon Multi-party Acting govt: Free Patriotic Movement, Amal, Hezbollah, PSP, Marada, Tashnag, Al-Ahbash, Ba'ath, Union Party, Islamic Group
Lebanese Forces, Kataeb, Taqaddom, Independence Movement, Tahalof Watani, ReLebanon, Khatt Ahmar, Lana, Osos, NDP, PNO		 2022 (general)
 Lesotho Multi-party Revolution for Prosperity, Alliance of Democrats, MEC
Democratic Congress, All Basotho Convention, Basotho Action Party, LCD, SR, BNP, PFD, BCM, MPS, NIP, HOPE		 2022 (general)
 Liberia Two-party Coalition for Democratic Change (Congress for Democratic Change, NPP)
Unity Party (main opposition), Liberty Party, ANC, PUP, ALP, MEE, MDR, LTP, UPP, VCP, LPP, LINU		 2017 (general)
 Libya Non-partisan Government of National Unity, Government of National Stability
Independents		 2014 (parliament)
See also Peace process
 Liechtenstein Multi-party Patriotic Union, Progressive Citizens' Party
Free List, Democrats for Liechtenstein		 2021 (general)
 Lithuania Multi-party Homeland Union, Liberal Movement, Freedom Party
LVŽS, DSVL, LSDP, Labour Party, LLRA–KŠS, LRP, Freedom and Justice, TTS		 2020 (parliament)
2019 (presidential)
 Luxembourg Multi-party Democratic Party, LSAP, The Greens
CSV, ADR, Pirate Party, The Left		 2018 (general)

M
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Madagascar Multi-party Young Malagasies Determined, Freedom, ADN
Tiako I Madagasikara, independents, RPSD-Vaovao, MTS, GJPS, MDM, MATITA, Malagasy Miara Miainga		 2018 (presidential)
2019 (parliament)
 Malawi Multi-party Malawi Congress Party, UTM, independents
DPP, UDF, People's Party, Alliance for Democracy		 2020 (presidential)
 Malaysia Multi-party PH (PKR, DAP, AMANAH, UPKO), BN (UMNO, MCA, MIC, PBRS), GPS (PBB, PRS, PDP, SUPP), GRS (PBS, STAR), WARISAN, KDM, MUDA, PBM
PN (BERSATU, PAS, GERAKAN)		 2022 (general)
 Maldives Multi-party Maldivian Democratic Party, Jumhooree Party
PPM, People's National Congress, MDA, DRP		 2018 (presidential)
2019 (parliament)
 Mali Multi-party Malian Armed Forces
Civilian government suspended		 2021 coup d'état
 Malta Two-party Labour Party
Nationalist Party		 2022 (general)
 Marshall Islands Two-party Independents (Aelon̄ Kein Ad, United Democratic Party) 2019 (general)
 Mauritania Multi-party Equity Party, UDP, Trust (Islah, Karama, HATEM, Vadila, PMM), Justice (AND, NW), HIWAR
Tewassoul, Hope Mauritania, Sawab—RAG, AJD/MR, State of Justice		 2019 (presidential)
2023 (parliament)
 Mauritius Multi-party MSM, ML, OPR, MAG, Plateforme Militante
MMM, PMSD, Labour Party		 2019 (general)
 Mayotte Multi-party The Republicans, NÉMA, DVD
MDM, Renaissance, DVC		 2021 (legislative)
 Mexico Multi-party Morena, Green Party, Labor Party
PAN, PRI, Citizens' Movement, PRD		 2018 (general)
2021 (legislative)
 Micronesia Non-partisan Independents
No political parties		 2023 (parliament)
 Moldova Multi-party Party of Action and Solidarity
Bloc of Communists and Socialists (PSRM, PCRM), ȘOR bloc (de facto), Revival, MAN		 2021 (parliament)
 Monaco Multi-party Monegasque National Union (Priorité Monaco, Horizon Monaco, Union Monégasque)
No parliamentary opposition, New Ideas for Monaco		 2023 (parliament)
 Mongolia Multi-party Mongolian People's Party
Democratic Party, Right Person Electorate Coalition		 2021 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
 Montenegro Multi-party Socialist People's Party, CnB (URA, Civis), BS, SDP, FORCA, UDSH, Democratic Party of Socialists, Liberal Party
Democratic Front (NSD, DNP, PZP, RP), Peace is Our Nation (Democrats, DEMOS), SD, Prava, UCG		 2023 (legislative)
 Montserrat Two-party Movement for Change and Prosperity
People's Democratic Movement		 2019 (general)
 Morocco Multi-party National Rally of Independents, Istiqlal Party, Authenticity and Modernity Party
USFP, Popular Movement, PPS, Constitutional Union, PJD, MDS, FFD, AFG, PSU		 2021 (general)
 Mozambique Dominant-party FRELIMO Party
RENAMO, Democratic Movement		 2019 (general)
 Myanmar Multi-party State Administration Council
Civilian government suspended		 2021 coup d'état

N
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Namibia Dominant-party SWAPO Party of Namibia
PDM, LPM, NUDO, APP, UDF, Republican Party, NEFF, IPC, RDP, CDV, SWANU		 2019 (general)
 Nauru Multi-party Independents, Nauru First
Opposition independents		 2022 (parliament)
2022 (presidential)
 Nepal Multi-party Nepali Congress, Socialist Front (CPN (Maoist Centre), CPN (Unified Socialist), PSP-N), Janamat Party, LSP-N, NUP, Rastriya Janamorcha
CPN (UML), RSP, RPP, NWPP		 2022 (general)
 Netherlands Multi-party VVD, CDA, D66, Christian Union
PVV, PvdA, GL, SP, PvdD, FvD, 50PLUS, SGP, Volt, JA21, DENK, BVNL, BBB, BIJ1		 2021 (general)
 New Caledonia Multi-party Caledonian Union, FLNKS, L'EO, UNI, LKS, Labour Party
Future with Confidence, Caledonia Together, Generations NC		 2019 (legislative)
 New Zealand Multi-party National Party, ACT New Zealand
Labour Party (official opposition), Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, Te Pāti Māori, New Zealand First		 2023 (general)
 Nicaragua Dominant-party Sandinista National Liberation Front, YATAMA
Constitutionalist Liberal Party, ALN, PLI, Alliance for the Republic, Nicaraguan Christian Path		 2021 (general)
 Niger Multi-party National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland
Civilian government suspended		 2023 coup d'état
 Nigeria Multi-party All Progressives Congress
Peoples Democratic Party (official opposition), YPP, APGA, ADC, PRP		 2019 (general)
 Niue Non-partisan Independents
No political parties		 2020 (general)
 North Macedonia Multi-party We Can (SDSM, NSDP, VMRO – People's Party, TDP, THP, POPGM, SSM), DUI, Alternativa, LDP, DPA, DOM, DS
Renewal (VMRO-DPMNE, SPM, DPSM, GROM, ROM), Alliance for Albanians, The Left, Besa		 2019 (presidential)
2020 (parliament)
 Northern Cyprus Multi-party National Unity Party, Democratic Party, Rebirth Party
Republican Turkish Party, People's Party		 2022 (parliament)
 Norway Multi-party Labour Party, Centre Party
Conservative Party, FrP, SV, Liberal Party, Red Party, KrF, Green Party, Patient Focus		 2021 (parliament)

O
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalitionLast election
 Oman Non-partisan Independents
No political parties		 2019 (general)

P
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Pakistan Multi-party Pakistan Democratic Movement (PML(N), PPP, MMA, MQM-P, BNP-M, BAP, JWP, ANP)
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, PML(Q), GDA, AML		 2018 (general)
2022 crisis
 Palau Non-partisan Independents
No political parties		 2020 (general)
 Palestine Multi-party PLO (Fatah, PFLP, DFLP, PPP), National Initiative, Third Way
Hamas (de facto control of the Gaza Strip)		 2006 (legislative)
 Panama Multi-party Democratic Revolutionary Party, MOLIRENA
Democratic Change, Panameñista Party		 2019 (general)
 Papua New Guinea Multi-party Pangu, URP, NA, People's, SDP, PFP, PNGP, ULP, Advance, National, AP, Green, Liberal, MAP, NGP, ODP, PLP, PMC, PPP, PRP, Destiny, THE
People's National Congress Party		 2022 (general)
 Paraguay Multi-party Colorado Party
PLRA, Guasú Front, PPQ, PDP, UNACE, GANAR, Hagamos Party, PEN, MCN		 2018 (general)
 Peru Multi-party Non-partisan government, Popular Force, Popular Action, Popular Renewal, Go on Country, Alliance for Progress, We Are Peru
Free Peru, Magisterial Bloc, Bicentennial Peru, Democratic Peru, Together for Peru, Podemos Perú		 2021 (general)
2022 crisis
 Philippines Multi-party UniTeam Alliance (PFP, Lakas–CMD), Nacionalista, NPC, LDP, PDP–Laban, United Nationalist Alliance, Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino, NUP, others
Team TRoPa (Liberal Party,Akbayan), Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas, Makabayan, Reporma, Aksyon, others		 2022 (general)
 Pitcairn Islands Non-partisan Independents
No political parties		 2021 (general)
 Poland Multi-party United Right (PiS, SP, Republican Party, OdNowa RP), Kukiz'15
KO (PO, .N, IPL, PZ), KP (PSL, UED), The Left (NL, Razem), Confederation (KORWiN, RN, KKP), PL2050, PJG, PPS, KWMN		 2020 (presidential)
2019 (parliament)
 Portugal Multi-party Socialist Party
Social Democratic Party, Chega, Liberal Initiative, Communist Party, Left Bloc, People Animals Nature, LIVRE		 2022 (parliament)
2021 (presidential)
 Puerto Rico Two-party Popular Democratic Party
New Progressive Party (governor's party), MVC, PIP, PD		 2020 (general)

Q
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalitionLast election
 Qatar Non-partisan Independents
No political parties		 2021 (general)

R
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Romania Multi-party National Coalition for Romania (PSD, PNL), Ethnic minority parties
Save Romania Union, Alliance for the Union of Romanians, UDMR/RMDSZ, Force of the Right, REPER, AD, NR, ROASIT		 2019 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
 Russia Dominant-party United Russia, LDPR, A Just Russia — For Truth, Rodina, Civic Platform
Communist Party, New People, Party of Growth		 2018 (presidential)
2021 (legislative)
 Rwanda Dominant-party Rwandan Patriotic Front
Social Democratic Party, PS-Imberakuri, PL, Democratic Greens		 2017 (presidential)
2018 (parliament)

S
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Saint Helena Non-partisan Independents
No political parties		 2021 (general)
Multi-party Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party
Concerned Citizens' Movement, People's Labour Party, People's Action Movement		 2022 (general)
 Saint Lucia Two-party Saint Lucia Labour Party
United Workers Party		 2021 (general)
Two-party Archipelago Tomorrow (LR)
Together for the Future (PRG)		 2022 (legislative)
Two-party Unity Labour Party
New Democratic Party		 2020 (general)
 Samoa Two-party Faʻatuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi, Samoa National Democratic Party
Human Rights Protection Party		 2021 (general)
 San Marino Multi-party Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party, RETE Movement, DML, NplR
Libera, Future Republic		2019 (general)
Multi-party Independent Democratic Action
MLSTP/PSD, MCI/PS-PUN, Basta		 2021 (presidential)
2022 (legislative)
 Saudi Arabia One-party Council of Ministers
No parliamentary opposition		 No elections
 Senegal Dominant-party United in Hope (APR, AFP, PS), Bokk Gis Gis
Liberate the People (PASTEF, PUR, TS), Wallu Sénégal (PDS), MPR, AAR		 2019 (presidential)
2022 (legislative)
 Serbia Dominant-party Together We Can Do Everything (SNS, PSS-BK, SNP, PS, SPO, NSS, USS, BS), IDPS (SPS, ZS), JS, SDPS, PUPS, VMSZ, SPP
Ujedinjeni (SSP, PSG, PZP, Sloga, Fatherland), NADA (New DSS, POKS, NN—IJS), NS, DS, SSZ, Together, Dveri, SDA S–DSHV–ZZV–PVD, NDB, ZKS		 2022 (general)
 Seychelles Two-party Linyon Demokratik Seselwa (Seychelles National Party, Seychellois Alliance, SPSJD, SUP)
United Seychelles		 2020 (general)
 Sierra Leone Two-party All People's Congress
Sierra Leone People's Party (president's party), C4C, NGC		 2018 (general)
 Singapore Dominant-party People's Action Party
Workers' Party, Progress Singapore Party		 2020 (general)
 Sint Maarten Multi-party National Alliance, United People's Party
USP, Party for Progress, UD		 2020 (general)
 Slovakia Multi-party Ordinary People, Freedom and Solidarity, We Are Family, For the People
Smer–SSD, Hlas–SD, ĽSNS, Republic, Život–NS, Progressive Slovakia, SPOLU		 2020 (parliament)
 Slovenia Multi-party Freedom Movement, Social Democrats, The Left
Slovenian Democratic Party, New Slovenia		 2022 (parliament)
 Solomon Islands Multi-party Independents, Kadere Party, Democratic Alliance Party, People's Alliance Party
Democratic Party, United Democratic Party, United Party, People First Party, SIPRA		 2019 (general)
 Somalia Multi-party Independents, Forum for National Parties (UPD (president's party))
Tayo		 2022 (presidential)
 Somaliland Multi-party Waddani, Justice and Welfare Party
Kulmiye Peace, Unity, and Development Party (president's party)		 2017 (presidential)
2021 (parliamentary)
 South Africa Dominant-party African National Congress
DA (official opposition), EFF, IFP, FF+, ACDP, UDM, ATM, Good, NFP, AIC, COPE		 2019 (general)
 South Ossetia Dominant-party Independents, Nykhaz (president's party)
United Ossetia, People's Party, Unity of the People, Communist Party		 2019 (parliament)
 South Sudan Dominant-party Sudan People's Liberation Movement
SPLM-in-Opposition, South Sudan Opposition Alliance		 2010 (general)
 Spain Multi-party PSOE, Unidas Podemos (Podemos, IU, ECP), ERC–S, EAJ-PNV, EH Bildu, PDeCAT, Más País, MC, NCa, TE, PRC
People's Party, Vox, Citizens, Junts, Popular Unity Candidacy, NA+, CC, Asturias Forum, BNG		 2019 (general)
 Sri Lanka Multi-party SLPFA (Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna, EPDP, MEP, TMVP), UNP
Samagi Jana Balawegaya, FPA (SLFP, ULS, FPC), TNA, NPP, TNPF, TPNA		 2022 (presidential)
2020 (parliament)
 Sudan Dominant-party Transitional Sovereignty Council
No parliamentary opposition		 Transition to democracy
 Suriname Multi-party VHP, ABOP, National Party of Suriname, Pertjajah Luhur
National Democratic Party, Brotherhood and Unity in Politics		 2020 (general)
 Sweden Multi-party Moderate Party, Christian Democrats, Liberals, Sweden Democrats
Social Democratic Party, Left Party, Centre Party, Green Party		 2022 (general)
 Switzerland Multi-party Swiss People's Party (Ticino League, EDU-UDF), Social Democratic Party, The Centre (EVP), FDP.The Liberals
Greens (solidaritéS, Party of Labour), Green Liberal Party		 2019 (federal)
 Syria Dominant-party National Progressive Front: (Ba'ath Party, SSNP, SUP, SCP (Bakdash), ASU, SCP (Unified), NCP, ADU, DSUP)
No parliamentary opposition, Syrian opposition		 2020 (parliament)
2021 (presidential)

T
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Tajikistan Dominant-party People's Democratic Party, Agrarian Party, Communist Party
Party of Economic Reforms, Democratic Party, Socialist Party		 2020 (presidential)
2020 (parliament)
 Tanzania Dominant-party Chama Cha Mapinduzi
Chadema, Civic United Front, Alliance for Change and Transparency		 2020 (general)
 Zanzibar Dominant-party Chama Cha Mapinduzi
Alliance for Democratic Change, Alliance for Tanzania Farmers Party, Tanzania Democratic Alliance		 2020 (general)
 Thailand Multi-party Palang Pracharath, BJT, Democrat Party, Chartthaipattana, Chart Pattana, ACT, TLP, NEP, FCP, New Palangdharma, NDP
Pheu Thai, Move Forward, Liberal, Prachachart, Pheu Chat, Palang Puangchon Thai, Thai Civilized Party		 2019 (general)
Tigray Region Dominant-party Tigray People's Liberation Front
National Congress of Great Tigray, TIP, SAWET, ADP		 2020 (parliament)
 Togo Dominant-party Union for the Republic
Union of Forces for Change, NET, MPDD, PDP, MRC		 2020 (presidential)
2018 (parliament)
 Tokelau Non-partisan Independents
No political parties		 2020 (general)
 Tonga Two-party Independents, Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands, Tongan nobles
Independents, Tonga People's Party		 2021 (general)
 Transnistria Dominant-party Republican Party "Obnovlenie"
No parliamentary opposition, Transnistrian Communist Party		 2021 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
Two-party People's National Movement
United National Congress		 2020 (general)
 Tobago Two-party Progressive Democratic Patriots
Tobago Council of the People's National Movement		 2021 (legislative)
 Tunisia Multi-party Non-partisan government, 25th of July Movement
People's Movement		 2019 (president)
2022–23 (parliament)
 Turkey Multi-party Justice and Development Party, Nationalist Movement Party, Great Unity Party
Republican People's Party, Peoples' Democratic Party, Good Party, TIP, Homeland Party, DP, ZP, DEVA, DBP, Saadet, YP		 2023 (president)2023 (parliament)
 Turkmenistan Dominant-party Democratic Party of Turkmenistan, Agrarian Party, Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs
No parliamentary opposition		 2023 (parliament)
2022 (presidential)
Two-party Progressive National Party
People's Democratic Movement		 2021 (general)
 Tuvalu Non-partisan Independents
No political parties		 2019 (general)

U
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Uganda Dominant-party National Resistance Movement
NUP, FDC, Democratic Party, UPC, JEEMA, PPP		 2021 (general)
 Ukraine Multi-party Servant of the People, Platform for Life and Peace, For the Future, Dovira, Restoration of Ukraine
European Solidarity, Batkivshchyna, Holos		 2019 (president)
2019 (parliament)
 United Arab Emirates Non-partisan Independents
No political parties		 2019 (parliament)
 United Kingdom Multi-party Conservative Party
Labour (official opposition), Lib Dems, SNP, DUP, Sinn Féin, Plaid Cymru, SDLP, Alba, Greens, Alliance, Reclaim		 2019 (general)
 Northern Ireland Multi-party Direct rule[lower-alpha 6]
Sinn Féin, DUP, Alliance, UUP, SDLP, TUV, People Before Profit		 2022 (parliament)
 Scotland Multi-party Scottish National Party, Scottish Greens
Conservatives, Labour, Liberal Democrats		 2021 (parliament)
 Wales Multi-party Labour
Conservatives (official opposition), Plaid Cymru, Lib Dems		 2021 (parliament)
 United States Two-party Democratic Party
Republican Party (majority in U.S. House)		 2020 (general)
2022 (legislative)
 Uruguay Multi-party National Party, Colorado Party, CA, PI, Partido de la Gente
Broad Front, PERI		 2019 (general)
 Uzbekistan Multi-party Liberal Democratic Party, National Revival Democratic Party
Justice Social Democratic Party, People's Democratic Party, Ecological Party		 2021 (presidential)
2019-20 (parliament)

V
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Vanuatu Multi-party UMP, RMC, LPV, GJP, NUP, PPP, VNDP, Laverwo
Vanua'aku Pati, RDP, Iauko Group, Nagriamel, PUDP, VPDP, UCM, NCM		 2022 (general)
 Vatican City One-party Independents
No parliamentary opposition		 2013 (papal conclave)
 Venezuela Dominant-party GPPSB (PSUV, PPT, Tupamaro, MSV, PODEMOS, APC, MEP, ORA, UPP)
Democratic Alliance (AD, AP, El Cambio, PV, COPEI), APR (PCV)		 2020 (parliament)
2018 (presidential)
 Vietnam One-party Communist Party of Vietnam, Fatherland Front2021 (parliament)
 British Virgin Islands Multi-party Virgin Islands Party
NDP, Progressive Virgin Islands Movement, Progressives United		 2019 (general)
 U.S. Virgin Islands Multi-party Democratic Party
Republican Party, Independent Citizens Movement		 2022 (gubernatorial)

W
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Wallis and Futuna Non-partisan Independents
No political parties		 2022 (legislative)
 Western Sahara One-party Polisario Front2020 (legislative)

Y
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Yemen Dominant-party General People's Congress[lower-alpha 7]
Al-Islah, Yemeni Socialist Party, Nasserist Unionist People's Organisation, Ba'ath Party		 2012 (presidential)
2003 (parliament)
See also 2014–2015 takeover

Z
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Zambia Multi-party United Party for National Development
Patriotic Front, Party of National Unity and Progress		 2021 (general)
 Zimbabwe Dominant-party Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front
Citizens Coalition for Change		 2023 (general)

See also

Notes
  1. All political parties are banned as "un-Islamic". The Taliban is the only legal political force in the current regime.[1][2]
  2. The Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus asserts that it is an opposition party, but supports the presidency of Alexander Lukashenko nonetheless.
  3. Iran's parties must adhere to a religious system of governance.
  4. Independent politicians dominate Jersey's political system.
  5. Independent pro-monarchy politicians dominate Jordan's political system.
  6. The Executive of the 7th Northern Ireland Assembly is yet to be appointed, following the 2022 election to the seventh Northern Ireland Assembly held on 5 May. The DUP refused to assent to the election of a Speaker, on 13 May and again on 30 May, in further protest to the Northern Ireland Protocol, so the Assembly could not continue to other business, including the appointment of a fresh Executive. The Speaker and incumbent ministers would continue in office in caretaker roles until the Assembly would meet again, or fresh elections are called by the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland.
  7. Competing factions of the General People's Congress are in charge of different parts of the country in the course of the ongoing civil war. In North Yemen, the Houthi movement-aligned faction loyal to party founder Ali Abdullah Saleh only partially shares power with the movement.[4]

References
  1. Azadi, RFE/RL's Radio. "Taliban Bans Political Parties In Afghanistan After Declaring Them Un-Islamic". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 2023-08-20.
  2. "Taliban Ban Afghan Political Parties, Citing Sharia Violations". VOA. 2023-08-16. Retrieved 2023-08-20.
  3. "Ny regering på Åland | Ålands landskapsregering". www.regeringen.ax. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
  4. Tawfeek al-Ganad (20 September 2022). "Weak and Divided, the General People's Congress Turns 40". Sana'a Center For Strategic Studies. Sanaa. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
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