Shenyang Mandarin

Shenyang Mandarin
Shenyang Mandarin
瀋陽話 / 沈阳话; Shěnyánghuà
Native to	China
Region	Shenyang
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Mandarin Northeastern Mandarin Shenyang Mandarin; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Linguist List	cmn-she
Glottolog	shen1252

Shenyang Mandarin (Chinese: 沈阳话) is a dialect of Northeastern Mandarin used by people in and around Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning province and the largest city in Northeast China. It is very close to Standard Chinese but has some notably distinctive words. Some people consider it a strong accent rather than a distinct dialect. Because of its similarity to the standard language, pinyin can be used to represent its pronunciation. Its usage is dwindling as schools in Shenyang teach only the standard language.

Relative pitch changes of the four tones in Standard Chinese. Shenyang diverges the most with tone 1.

The most distinctive aspect of the Shenyang dialect is the much lower pitch of the first tone than in Standard Mandarin. It would be positioned at 2, rather than 5, on the chart shown (right). As a result, it can sound rather like the third tone.

Like the Beijing dialect, the Shenyang dialect is characterized by erhua (儿化).

Some of the words in the Shenyang dialect come from other languages like the Manchu language. One example is 旮旯儿 gālár 'corner'.

Examples of words in various Northeastern dialects (not necessarily specific to Shenyang) include:

Northeastern Mandarin	pinyin	Standard Mandarin	pinyin	Translation
不赶趟儿	bù gǎntàngr	来不及	lái bù jí	too late
波楞盖儿	bōlingàr	膝盖	xīgài	kneecap
疙瘩、圪塔	gāda	地方	dìfang	place (noun)
得瑟	dèse	卖弄	màinòng	to show off
老鼻子（了）	lǎobízi(le)	很多	hěnduō	a lot
驲驲地	rírídi	（象声词：车速度快）	N/A	onomatopoeia: fast car
埋汰	máitai	脏	zāng	dirty, filthy
嘎哈	gàhá	干什么、干嘛	gànshénme, gànmá	What are you doing?
砢碜	kēchen, kēzhen	丑、难看	chǒu, nánkàn	ugly, hideous
老	lǎo	很	hěn	very
贼	zéi	特别	tèbié	exceedingly
毙	bì	棒	bàng	good, excellent
蚂蛉	māling	蜻蜓	qīngtíng	dragonfly
嘎赌	gàdu	打赌	dǎdǔ	to bet

Phonology

Shenyang dialect has 19 initial consonants, as opposed to the 21 in Standard Mandarin. Notably, the retroflex consonants [ʈ͡ʂ], [ʈ͡ʂʰ] and [ʂ] in Standard Mandarin are pronounced as [t͡s], [t͡sʰ] and [s], respectively, while [ɻ] is omitted. While lost in Standard Mandarin, Middle Chinese [ɳ] is preserved in the Shenyang dialect. [v] also exists in the Shenyang dialect.[1]

Initial consonants, Shenyang dialect
		Labial	Alveolar	Dental sibilants	Palatal	Velar
Stops	unaspirated	p	t	t͡s	t͡ɕ	k
Stops	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ	t͡sʰ	t͡ɕʰ	kʰ
Nasals		m	n		ɳ
Fricatives		f	v	s	ɕ	x
Approximants			l

Standard Mandarin diphthongs tend to be pronounced as monophthongs in the Shenyang dialect. For example, [ai] becomes [æ], and [au] becomes [ɔ].[1]

References

Meng, Xiangyu 孟祥宇 (2011). "Shěnyáng fāngyán yīn xì gàishuō" 沈阳方言音系概说. Yǔwén xuékān 语文学刊. 2011 (2): 31–33.

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[Yuwen_Xuekan-1] Meng, Xiangyu 孟祥宇 (2011). "Shěnyáng fāngyán yīn xì gàishuō" 沈阳方言音系概说. Yǔwén xuékān 语文学刊. 2011 (2): 31–33.