Amdoparvovirus

Amdoparvovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Parvoviridae[1][2] in the subfamily Parvovirinae. Mustelids (minks, ferrets, and foxes), skunk, and raccoons serve as natural hosts. There are five species in this genus.[3][4][5] Diseases associated with this genus include progressive disorder of immune system.[6][7][8][9][10]

Amdoparvovirus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Monodnaviria
Kingdom: Shotokuvirae
Phylum: Cossaviricota
Class: Quintoviricetes
Order: Piccovirales
Family: Parvoviridae
Subfamily: Parvovirinae
Genus: Amdoparvovirus
Species
  • Carnivore amdoparvovirus 1
  • Carnivore amdoparvovirus 2
  • Carnivore amdoparvovirus 3
  • Carnivore amdoparvovirus 4
  • Carnivore amdoparvovirus 5

Taxonomy

The following five species are assigned to the genus:[3]

  • Carnivore amdoparvovirus 1
  • Carnivore amdoparvovirus 2
  • Carnivore amdoparvovirus 3
  • Carnivore amdoparvovirus 4
  • Carnivore amdoparvovirus 5

Structure

Viruses in the genus Amdoparvovirus have non-enveloped protein particles with T=1 icosahedral symmetry.[2] They are around 18 to 26 nm in diameter and contain a single linear single-stranded DNA genome around 4.8 kb in length.[6]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
AmdoparvovirusIcosahedralT=1Non-envelopedLinearNone

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediate clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Replication follows the rolling-hairpin model.[2] DNA templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. The virus may exit the host cell by vesicular trafficking following nuclear pore export or be released following cell lysis. Mustelids, skunk, and raccoons serve as the natural host.[11][10] Transmission routes are oral and respiratory.[6]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
AmdoparvovirusMammals: minks, ferrets, foxesNoneClathrin-mediated endocytosisVesicular export or cell lysisNucleusNucleusUnknown

References
  1. Cotmore SF, Agbandje-McKenna M, Canuti M, Chiorini JA, Eis-Hubinger AM, Hughes J, et al. (ICTV Report Consortium) (March 2019). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Parvoviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (3): 367–368. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001212. PMC 6537627. PMID 30672729.
  2. "Parvoviridae". ICTV 10th Report. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. 2018.
  3. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  4. Canuti M, O'Leary KE, Hunter BD, Spearman G, Ojkic D, Whitney HG, Lang AS (January 2016). "Driving forces behind the evolution of the Aleutian mink disease parvovirus in the context of intensive farming". Virus Evolution. 2 (1): vew004. doi:10.1093/ve/vew004. PMC 4989880. PMID 27774297.
  5. "Genus: Amdoparvovirus". ICTV 10th Report. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. 2018.
  6. "Amdoparvovirus". Viral Zone. ExPASy. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  7. ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy". ICTV 2017 Master Species List (MSL32). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  8. Cheng F, Chen AY, Best SM, Bloom ME, Pintel D, Qiu J (March 2010). "The capsid proteins of Aleutian mink disease virus activate caspases and are specifically cleaved during infection". Journal of Virology. 84 (6): 2687–96. doi:10.1128/JVI.01917-09. PMC 2826067. PMID 20042496.
  9. Li L, Pesavento PA, Woods L, Clifford DL, Luff J, Wang C, Delwart E (October 2011). "Novel amdovirus in gray foxes". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 17 (10): 1876–8. doi:10.3201/eid1710.110233. PMC 3310670. PMID 22000359.
  10. Canuti M, Whitney HG, Lang AS (1 January 2015). "Amdoparvoviruses in small mammals: expanding our understanding of parvovirus diversity, distribution, and pathology". Frontiers in Microbiology. 6: 1119. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.01119. PMC 4600916. PMID 26528267.
  11. Canuti M, Doyle HE, P Britton A, Lang AS (May 2017). "Full genetic characterization and epidemiology of a novel amdoparvovirus in striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis)". Emerging Microbes & Infections. 6 (5): e30. doi:10.1038/emi.2017.13. PMC 5520478. PMID 28487558.
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