Closteroviridae

Closteroviridae is a family of viruses.[1] Plants serve as natural hosts. There are four genera and 59 species in this family, seven of which are unassigned to a genus.[2][3] Diseases associated with this family include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem.[3][4]

Closteroviridae
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Kitrinoviricota
Class: Alsuviricetes
Order: Martellivirales
Family: Closteroviridae
Genera

Taxonomy
Schematic diagrams of the genome structure of the representative viruses in the four genera of the family Closteroviridae.

Genome type and transmission vector are two of the most important traits used for classification. Ampeloviruses and Closteroviruses have monopartite genomes and are transmitted by pseudococcid mealybugs (and soft scale insects) and aphids respectively. While Criniviruses are bipartite and transmitted by whiteflies.[3]

Genera:[2]

Unassigned species:[2]

  • Actinidia virus 1
  • Alligatorweed stunting virus
  • Blueberry virus A
  • Megakespama mosaic virus
  • Mint vein banding-associated virus
  • Olive leaf yellowing-associated virus
  • Persimmon virus B

Structure

Viruses in the family Closteroviridae are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 10–13 nm, with a length of 950–2200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, bipartite, around 20kb in length. [3] [4]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
CrinivirusFilamentousNon-envelopedLinearBipartite
VelarivirusFilamentousNon-envelopedLinearMonopartite
ClosterovirusFilamentousNon-envelopedLinearMonopartite
AmpelovirusFilamentousNon-envelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical.[3][4]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
CrinivirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: insects
VelarivirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: insects
ClosterovirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: insects
AmpelovirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: insects

References
  1. Fuchs, M; Bar-Joseph, M; Candresse, T; Maree, HJ; Martelli, GP; Melzer, MJ; Menzel, W; Minafra, A; Sabanadzovic, S; ICTV Report Consortium (April 2020). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Closteroviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 101 (4): 364–365. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001397. PMC 7414439. PMID 32134375.
  2. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
  3. "ICTV Report Closteroviridae".
  4. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
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