Badnavirus

Badnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae order Ortervirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 67 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: CSSV: leaf chlorosis, root necrosis, red vein banding in young leaves, small mottled pods, and stem/root swelling followed by die-back. Infection decreases yield by 25% within one year, 50% within two years and usually kills trees within 3–4 years.[1][2]

Badnavirus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Pararnavirae
Phylum: Artverviricota
Class: Revtraviricetes
Order: Ortervirales
Family: Caulimoviridae
Genus: Badnavirus

Taxonomy

The following species are recognized:[3]

  • Aglaonema bacilliform virus
  • Banana streak GF virus
  • Banana streak IM virus
  • Banana streak MY virus
  • Banana streak OL virus
  • Banana streak UA virus
  • Banana streak UI virus
  • Banana streak UL virus
  • Banana streak UM virus
  • Banana streak VN virus
  • Birch leafroll-associated virus
  • Blackberry virus F
  • Bougainvillea chlorotic vein banding virus
  • Cacao bacilliform Sri Lanka virus
  • Cacao mild mosaic virus
  • Cacao swollen shoot virus
  • Cacao swollen shoot CD virus
  • Cacao swollen shoot CE virus
  • Cacao swollen shoot Ghana M virus
  • Cacao swollen shoot Ghana N virus
  • Cacao swollen shoot Ghana Q virus
  • Cacao swollen shoot Togo A virus
  • Cacao swollen shoot Togo B virus
  • Cacao yellow vein banding virus
  • Camellia lemon glow virus
  • Canna yellow mottle associated virus
  • Canna yellow mottle virus
  • Citrus yellow mosaic virus
  • Codonopsis vein clearing virus
  • Commelina yellow mottle virus
  • Cycad leaf necrosis virus
  • Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus
  • Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus 2
  • Dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 1
  • Dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 2
  • Dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 3
  • Dioscorea bacilliform SN virus
  • Dioscorea bacilliform TR virus
  • Dracaena mottle virus
  • Epiphyllum mottle-associated virus
  • Fig badnavirus 1
  • Gooseberry vein banding associated virus
  • Grapevine badnavirus 1
  • Grapevine Roditis leaf discoloration-associated virus
  • Grapevine vein clearing virus
  • Green Sichuan pepper vein clearing-associated virus
  • Ivy ringspot-associated virus
  • Jujube mosaic-associated virus
  • Kalanchoe top-spotting virus
  • Mulberry badnavirus 1
  • Pagoda yellow mosaic associated virus
  • Pineapple bacilliform CO virus
  • Pineapple bacilliform ER virus
  • Piper yellow mottle virus
  • Polyscias mosaic virus
  • Rubus yellow net virus
  • Schefflera ringspot virus
  • Spiraea yellow leafspot virus
  • Sugarcane bacilliform Guadeloupe A virus
  • Sugarcane bacilliform Guadeloupe D virus
  • Sugarcane bacilliform IM virus
  • Sugarcane bacilliform MO virus
  • Sweet potato pakakuy virus
  • Taro bacilliform CH virus
  • Taro bacilliform virus
  • Wisteria badnavirus 1
  • Yacon necrotic mottle virus

Structure

Viruses in Badnavirus are non-enveloped, with bacilliform geometries. These viruses are about 30 nm wide and 90-900 nm long. Genomes are circular and non-segmented.[1]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
BadnavirusBacilliformT=3Non-envelopedCircularMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear/cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. DNA-templated transcription, specifically dsDNA-RT transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export, and tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (cssv: mealybugs). Transmission routes are vector, mechanical, and seed borne.[1]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
BadnavirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementNucleusCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: mealybugs; mechanical; wounds; seed

References

  1. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  2. "Genus: Badnavirus - Caulimoviridae - Reverse Transcribing DNA and RNA Viruses - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)".
  3. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
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