Comovirinae

Comovirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Secoviridae; its genera were formerly classified in the family Comoviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 62 species in this subfamily, assigned to 3 genera.[1][2]

Comovirinae
Structure of the Cowpea Mosaic Virus based on PDB 2BFU
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Pisoniviricetes
Order: Picornavirales
Family: Secoviridae
Subfamily: Comovirinae
Genera

Taxonomy

The genera Comovirus, Nepovirus and Fabavirus were classified into the family Comoviridae in 1993. This family was classified as part of the order Picornavirales when this order was created (2008), and its genera were reclassified as the subfamily Comovirinae of the family Secoviridae in 2009.[3][4]

The subfamily contains the following genera:[2]

Structure

Viruses in Comovirinae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=pseudo3 symmetry. The diameter is around 30 nm. Genome segments are encapsidated separately into two different types of particle similar in size. Genomes are linear and segmented, bipartite, around 24-7kb in length.[1]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
ComovirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-envelopedLinearSegmented
NepovirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-envelopedLinearSegmented
FabavirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-envelopedLinearSegmented

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical.[1]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
ComovirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: beetles
NepovirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmNematodes; mites; thrips
FabavirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: aphids

References
  1. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  2. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  3. ICTV Taxonomy History for Comoviridae, accessed on line Nov. 20, 2015.
  4. ICTV Taxonomy History for Comovirinae, accessed on line Nov. 20, 2015.
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