Erysipelothrix

Erysipelothrix is a genus of bacteria containing four described species, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Erysipelothrix tonsillarum, Erysipelothrix inopinata and Erysipelothrix larvae.[1][2][3][4] Additional species have been proposed based on DNA-DNA hybridization studies[5][6] "The hallmark of Erysipelothrix is the presence of a type B cell wall, in which the peptide bridge is formed between amino acids at positions 2 and 4 of adjacent peptide side-chains and not, as in the vast majority of bacteria, between amino acids at positions 3 and 4."[3]

Erysipelothrix
Cellular and colonial morphology of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Bacillota
Class: Erysipelotrichia
Order: Erysipelotrichales
Family: Erysipelotrichaceae
Genus: Erysipelothrix
Rosenbach 1909
Type species
Erysipelothrix erysipeloides
(Trevisan 1889) Rosenbach 1909
Species[1]
  • E. anatis
  • E. aquatica
  • E. inopinata
  • E. larvae
  • "E. muris"
  • E. piscisicarius
  • E. rhusiopathiae
  • E. tonsillarum
  • E. urinaevulpis

The best known species within the genus is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, which is the cause of erysipelas of domestic pigs, poultry and other animal species. In humans, E. rhusiopathiae infections are termed erysipeloid. Erysipelothrix tonsillarum has been described as a pathogen for dogs and has been isolated from the tonsils of healthy pigs and cattle.[7] Disease caused by E. inopinata or E. larvae have not been described.

Bacteria of genus Erysipelothrix are straight, or slightly curved, slender, nonmotile rods which may exist singly, in V-shaped pairs, or in short chains. Some strains have a tendency to form long filaments. The bacteria are Gram-positive but can be mistaken for Gram-negative bacteria during analysis because they lose their staining easily. They are aerobic to facultatively anaerobic but not acid-fast.[8]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[9]

16S rRNA based LTP_01_2022[10][11][12] and 120 marker proteins based GTDB 07-RS207[13][14][15]
 
 

E. larvae Bang et al. 2016

 
 
 

E. inopinata Verbarg et al. 2004

 
 
 

E. tonsillarum Takahashi et al. 1987

 
 
 

E. piscisicarius Pomaranski et al. 2020

 
 

E. rhusiopathiae (Migula 1900) Buchanan 1918

 
 
 
 
 

See also

References
  1. A.C. Parte; et al. "Erysipelothrix". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  2. Takahashi, T., et al. (1987). Erysipelothrix tonsillarum sp. nov. isolated from tonsils of apparently healthy pigs. IJSB 37(2) 166-68.
  3. Verbarg, S., et al. (2004). Erysipelothrix inopinata sp. nov., isolated in the course of sterile filtration of vegetable peptone broth, and description of Erysipelotrichaceae fam. nov. IJSEM 54(1) 221-25.
  4. Bang, B.H.; Rhee, M.S.; Chang, D.H.; Park, D.S.; Kim, B.C. (2015). "Erysipelothrix larvae sp. nov., isolated from the larval gut of the rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 107 (2): 443–51. doi:10.1007/s10482-014-0342-x. PMID 25534074.
  5. Takahashi, T.; Fujisawa, T.; Tamura, Y.; Suzuki, S; Muramatsu, M.; Sawada, T.; Benno, Y.; Mitsuoka, T. (1992). "DNA relatedness among Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains representing all twenty-three serovars and Erysipelothrix tonsillarum". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 42 (3): 469–473. doi:10.1099/00207713-42-3-469. PMID 1503975.
  6. Takahashi, Toshio; Fujisawa, Tomohiko; Umeno, Annu; Kozasa, Takashi; Yamamoto, Kinya; Sawada, Takuo (2008). "A taxonomic study on erysipelothrix by DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with numerous strains isolated from extensive origins". Microbiology and Immunology. 52 (10): 469–478. doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00061.x. PMID 18822080.
  7. Takahashi, T; Tamura, Y; Yoshimura, H; Nagamine, N; Kijima, M; Nakamura, M; Devriese, LA (March 1993). "Erysipelothrix tonsillarum isolated from dogs with endocarditis in Belgium". Research in Veterinary Science. 54 (2): 264–5. doi:10.1016/0034-5288(93)90071-M. PMID 8460272.
  8. Stackebrandt, E., et al. (2006). The Genus Erysipelothrix. Prokaryotes 4 492-510.
  9. Sayers; et al. "Erysipelothrix". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  10. "The LTP". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  11. "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  12. "LTP_01_2022 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  13. "GTDB release 07-RS207". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  14. "bac120_r207.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  15. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
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