La Follette–Bulwinkle Act
La Follette–Bulwinkle Act or Venereal Diseases Control and Prevention Act of 1938 sanctioned federal assistance to U.S. states establishing preventive healthcare for venereal diseases. The United States federal statute commissioned the United States Public Health Service for demonstrations, investigations, and studies as related to the control, prevention, and treatment of opportunistic infections. The public law amended the Army Appropriations Act of 1918 appending the judicial context which created the Division of Venereal Diseases within the Bureau of the Public Health Service.
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| Long title | An Act to impose additional duties upon the United States Public Health Service in connection with the investigation and control of the venereal diseases. |
|---|---|
| Nicknames | Venereal Diseases Control and Prevention Act of 1938 |
| Enacted by | the 75th United States Congress |
| Effective | May 24, 1938 |
| Citations | |
| Public law | Pub.L. 75–540 |
| Statutes at Large | 52 Stat. 439 |
| Codification | |
| Acts amended | Chamberlain–Kahn Act |
| Titles amended | 42 U.S.C.: Public Health and Social Welfare |
| U.S.C. sections created | 42 U.S.C. ch. 1, subch. I §§ 25a-25e |
| Legislative history | |
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Passage
The bill was introduced into the U.S. Senate by Robert M. La Follette Jr. of Wisconsin and supported in the House by Alfred L. Bulwinkle of North Carolina. The S. 3290 legislation was passed during the 75th United States Congressional session and enacted into law by the 32nd President of the United States Franklin Roosevelt on May 24, 1938.
Sections of the Act
The Title 42 Section 25 codified law was penned as five sections establishing federal rulings for the Public Health Service enforcement to control and eradicate venereal diseases in the United States as determined by the Surgeon General of the United States.
- 42 U.S.C. § 25a ~ Assistance to U.S. states
- 42 U.S.C. § 25b ~ Basis and determination of annual allotments
- 42 U.S.C. § 25c ~ Quarterly allotments
- 42 U.S.C. § 25d ~ Prescribe the rules and regulations
- 42 U.S.C. § 25e ~ Provisions not to limit or supersede existing functions
Approval of Wonder Drug
After the discovery of Penicillium at London's St. Mary's Hospital in 1928, the United States Congress appealed for the antibacterial discovery seeking to diminish the peril of bacterial infection among sexually exploratory populaces.[1]
The 79th United States Congress passed the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act Penicillin Amendment on July 6, 1945.[2] The United States public law required the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to certify and test penicillin samplings validating the effectiveness, potency, purification, and safety of the antibiotic drugs.
Communicable Diseases & Public Health Service Act
The 1960s sexual revolution movement prompt the United States Congress to draft amendments for the Public Health Service Act authorizing control, prevention, and vaccination assistance for communicable diseases. The United States statutes were enacted into law by the 37th President of the United States Richard Nixon and the 38th President of the United States Gerald Ford.
In popular culture
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By 1914, American exploitation films were produced promoting awareness about hygiene and venereal disease.
- Damaged Goods (1914)
- Is Your Daughter Safe? (1927)
- Damaged Lives (1933)
- The Road to Ruin (1934)
- Sex Madness (1938)
- Sex Hygiene (1942)
- To the People of the United States (1943)
- Mom and Dad (1945)
See also
| August von Wassermann | Social hygiene movement |
| Birth control movement in the United States | Thomas Parran Jr. |
| History of syphilis | Tuskegee syphilis experiment |
| John Friend Mahoney | Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test |
| Mann Act | World War II U.S. Military Sex Education |
19th & 20th Century Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Organizations
| American School Hygiene Association | Hospital for Tropical Diseases |
| American Sexual Health Association | London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine |
| American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
19th & 20th Century Medicinal Treatments
| Arsphenamine | Magic Bullet |
| Blue mass | Mercuric Chloride |
| Calomel | Neosalvarsan |
| Guaiacum | Sulfonamide |
Opportunistic Infectious Diseases
| Chlamydia trachomatis | Neisseriaceae |
| Gram-negative bacteria | Pseudomonadota |
| Herpesviridae | Spirochaete |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Treponema pallidum |
References
- Gaynes, Robert (May 2017). "The Discovery of Penicillin - New Insights After More Than 75 Years of Clinical Use" (PDF). Emerging Infectious Diseases. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 23 (5): 849–853. doi:10.3201/eid2305.161556.
- "Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act Penicillin Amendment ~ P.L. 79-139" (PDF). 59 Stat. 463 ~ House Bill 3266. USLaw.Link. July 6, 1945.
- "Communicable Disease Control Amendments of 1970 ~ P.L. 91-464" (PDF). 84 Stat. 988 ~ Senate Bill 2264. U.S. Government Printing Office. October 16, 1970.
- "Communicable Disease Control Amendments of 1972 ~ P.L. 92-449" (PDF). 86 Stat. 748 ~ Senate Bill 3442. U.S. Government Printing Office. September 30, 1972.
- "Disease Control Amendments of 1976 ~ P.L. 94-317" (PDF). 90 Stat. 695 ~ Senate Bill 1466. U.S. Government Printing Office. June 23, 1976.
- "S. 1466 ~ Disease Control Amendments of 1976". P.L. 94-317 ~ 90 Stat. 695. Congress.gov. April 17, 1975.
Historical Video Archive
- Syphilis: A Motion Picture Clinic (USPHS, 1937) on YouTube
- Three Counties Against Syphilis (USPHS, 1938) on YouTube
- Gonorrhea: A Film for Physicians (USPHS, 1943) on YouTube
- To the People Of The United States (USPHS, 1944) on YouTube
- Penicillin and Venereal Disease (USPHS, 1947) on YouTube
External links
- Parascandola, Ph.D, John (March–April 1996). "VD at the Movies: PHS Films of the 1930s and 1940s". U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. PHS Chronicles – Public Health Reports. 111 (2): 173–175. PMC 1381727. PMID 8606918.
- Roosevelt, Franklin D. (December 24, 1936). A Letter to the National Conference on Venereal Disease Control. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service. pp. 619–620 – via Internet Archive.
- Roosevelt, Franklin D. (July 15, 1938). A Call for a Coordinated National Health Program. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service. pp. 459–462 – via Internet Archive.
- Parran, Thomas (1937). Shadow on the Land: Syphilis. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock. pp. 1–309. ASIN B00085AB5G. OCLC 587745.
- Brandt, Allan M. (1987). No Magic Bullet: A Social History of Venereal Disease in the United States Since 1880. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–304. ISBN 9780195042375. OCLC 925216287.
- "Review of Venereal Disease Prevention and Control Program" (PDF). U.S. GAO ~ HRD-78-150. U.S. Government Accountability Office. September 5, 1978.
- "Shadow on the Land": Thomas Parran and the New Deal" (PDF). Program in History & Philosophy of Science. Stanford University. March 26, 2004. pp. 1–39.
- "'Thanks to Penicillin...He Will Come Home!' – The Challenge of Mass Production" (PDF). NationalWW2Museum.org. The National WWII Museum.
- "Venereal Disease – Visual Culture and Public Health Posters". National Institutes of Health – U.S. National Library of Medicine. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.