Myxococcus

Myxococcus is a genus of bacteria in the family Myxococcaceae. Myxococci are Gram-negative, spore-forming, chemoorganotrophic, obligate aerobes. They are elongated rods with rounded or tapered ends, and they are nonflagellated. The cells move by gliding and can predate other bacteria. The genus has been isolated from soil.

Myxococcus
Fruiting bodies of M. xanthus
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Myxococcota
Class: Myxococcia
Order: Myxococcales
Family: Myxococcaceae
Genus: Myxococcus
Thaxter 1892
Type species
Myxococcus fulvus
(Cohn 1875) Jahn 1911
Species
Synonyms
  • Myxococcus section "Simplices" Jahn 1911
  • Myxococcus section "Stipitatae" Jahn 1911

At least eleven species had been identified with confidence by late 2020 and each had been characterised to some extent. As well as using traditional biochemical tests, strains of some species had been compared using whole genome sequences. This approach has provided evidence that the genus, like most bacterial genera, has a core set of genes found in all members of the genus, along with others that are confined to particular species. The identity of Myxococcus species therefore continues to change. An example where taxonomy may be changed is that comparisons of genome sequences and biochemical tests indicated that M. xanthus and M. virescens were not distinguishable.[1][2]

Sources

"Myxococcus - Information on Myxococcus - Encyclopedia of Life." Encyclopedia of Life. Encyclopedia of Life, n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2014.

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[3] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[4]

16S rRNA based LTP_01_2022[5][6][7] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 07-RS207[8][9][10]
 
 
 

M. stipitatus Thaxter 1897

 
 

M. fulvus (Cohn 1875) Jahn 1911

 
 
 
 
 

Pyxidicoccus fallax corrig. Reichenbach 2007

 
 

Pyxidicoccus trucidator Chambers et al. 2020

 
 
 
 
 

M. eversor Chambers et al. 2021

 
 

M. llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis
Chambers et al. 2021

 
 
 
 

M. vastator Chambers et al. 2021

 
 
 

M. macrosporus (Krzemieniewska & Krzemieniewski 1926) Zahler & McCurdy 1974

 
 
 

M. virescens Thaxter 1892

 
 

M. xanthus Beebe 1941

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

M. stipitatus

 
 
 

M. eversor

 
 

M. fulvus

 
 
 
 
 
 

Pyxidicoccus fallax

 
 
 

Pyxidicoccus caerfyrddinensis
Chambers et al. 2020

 
 

Pyxidicoccus trucidator

 
 
 
 
 

"M. hansupus" Sharma et al. 2016

 
 
 

M. macrosporus

 
 
 

M. virescens

 
 

M. xanthus

 
 
 
 
 
 

See also

References
  1. Chambers, James; Sparks, Natalie; Sydney, Natashia; Livingstone, Paul G.; Cookson, Alan R.; Whitworth, David E. (2020). "Comparative genomics and pan-genomics of the Myxococcaceae, including a description of five novel species: Myxococcus eversor sp. nov., Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis sp. nov., Myxococcus vastator sp. nov., Pyxidicoccus caerfyrddinensis sp. nov. and Pyxidicoccus trucidator sp. nov" (pdf). Genome Biology and Evolution. evaa212 (12): 2289–2302. doi:10.1093/gbe/evaa212. ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 7846144. PMID 33022031. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  2. Sharma, Gaurav; Narwani, Tarun; Subramanian, Srikrishna (2016). "Complete Genome Sequence and Comparative Genomics of a Novel Myxobacterium Myxococcus hansupus". PLOS ONE. 11 (2): e0148593. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1148593S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148593. PMC 4765838. PMID 26900859.
  3. A.C. Parte; et al. "Myxococcus". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  4. Sayers; et al. "Myxococcus". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  5. "The LTP". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  6. "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  7. "LTP_01_2022 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  8. "GTDB release 07-RS207". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  9. "bac120_r207.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  10. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
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