Nitrospinota

Nitrospinota is a bacterial phylum. Despite only few described species, members of this phylum are major nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in surface waters in oceans. By oxidation of nitrite to nitrate they are important in the process of nitrification in marine environments.[3]

Nitrospinota
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
(unranked): Tectomicrobia group
Phylum: Nitrospinota
Lücker et al. 2021[1]
Classes[2]
  • "Nitrospinia"
Synonyms
  • "Nitrospinota" Park et al. 2020
  • "Nitrospinae" Lücker et al. 2013

Although genus Nitrospina is aerobic bacterium, it was shown to oxidize nitrite also in oxygen minimum zone of the ocean. Depletion of oxygen in such zones leads to preference of anaerobic processes such as denitrification and nitrogen loss through anammox. Nitrospina thus outweight nitrogen loss by nitrification also in these oxygen depleted zones.[4][5]

Among the cultivated isolates within the genus Nitrospina are Nitrospina gracilis[6][3] and Nitrospina watsonii.[7] Further genomes were resolved by culture-independent metagenome binning.[5] The two Nitrospina species are, however, distantly related to environmentally abundant uncultured Nitrospinota.[8] The two other strains were cultivated in 2020 each in the binary culture with alphaproteobacterial heterotroph. They are called "Candidatus Nitrohelix vancouverensis" and "Candidatus Nitronauta litoralis". "Nitrohelix vancouverensis" is closely related to uncultivated environmentally abundant Nitrospinota clades 1 and 2.[8]

Taxonomy
Phylogeny of Nitrospinota[9][10][11]
Nitrospinaceae
 
 

"Ca. Nitrohelix vancouverensis"

 
 

"Ca. Nitromaritima"

 
 
 
 

"Ca. Nitronauta litoralis"

 
 

Nitrospina gracilis

 
 
 

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [12] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[13]

Phylum Nitrospinota Lücker et al. 2021

  • Class "Nitrospinia" Lücker et al. 2013
    • Order "Nitrospinales" Lücker et al. 2013
      • Family Nitrospinaceae Garrity, Bell & Lilburn 2006
        • Genus "Candidatus Nitrohelix" Mueller et al. 2021
          • "Ca. N. vancouverensis" Mueller et al. 2021
        • Genus "Candidatus Nitromaritima" Ngugi et al. 2016
        • Genus "Candidatus Nitronauta" Mueller et al. 2021
          • "Ca. N. litoralis" Mueller et al. 2021
        • Genus Nitrospina Watson & Waterbury 1971
          • N. gracilis Watson & Waterbury 1971
          • "N. watsonii" Spieck et al. 2014

References
  1. Oren A, Garrity GM (2021). "Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 71 (10): 5056. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056. PMID 34694987. S2CID 239887308.
  2. "Nitrospinae". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  3. Lücker S, Nowka B, Rattei T, Spieck E, Daims H (2013). "The Genome of Nitrospina gracilis Illuminates the Metabolism and Evolution of the Major Marine Nitrite Oxidizer". Frontiers in Microbiology. 4: 27. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2013.00027. PMC 3578206. PMID 23439773.
  4. Beman JM, Leilei Shih J, Popp BN (November 2013). "Nitrite oxidation in the upper water column and oxygen minimum zone of the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean". The ISME Journal. 7 (11): 2192–205. doi:10.1038/ismej.2013.96. PMC 3806268. PMID 23804152.
  5. Sun X, Kop LF, Lau MC, Frank J, Jayakumar A, Lücker S, Ward BB (October 2019). "Uncultured Nitrospina-like species are major nitrite oxidizing bacteria in oxygen minimum zones". The ISME Journal. 13 (10): 2391–2402. doi:10.1038/s41396-019-0443-7. PMC 6776041. PMID 31118472.
  6. Watson, Stanley W.; Waterbury, John B. (1971). "Characteristics of two marine nitrite oxidizing bacteria, Nitrospina gracilis nov. gen. nov. sp. and Nitrococcus mobilis nov. gen. nov. sp". Archiv für Mikrobiologie. 77 (3): 203–230. doi:10.1007/bf00408114. ISSN 0302-8933. S2CID 35169111.
  7. Spieck, Eva; Keuter, Sabine; Wenzel, Thilo; Bock, Eberhard; Ludwig, Wolfgang (May 2014). "Characterization of a new marine nitrite oxidizing bacterium, Nitrospina watsonii sp. nov., a member of the newly proposed phylum "Nitrospinae"". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 37 (3): 170–176. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2013.12.005. ISSN 0723-2020. PMID 24581679.
  8. Mueller, Anna J.; Jung, Man-Young; Strachan, Cameron R.; Herbold, Craig W.; Kirkegaard, Rasmus H.; Wagner, Michael; Daims, Holger (March 2021). "Genomic and kinetic analysis of novel Nitrospinae enriched by cell sorting". The ISME Journal. 15 (3): 732–745. doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00809-6. ISSN 1751-7362. PMC 8026999. PMID 33067588.
  9. "GTDB release 07-RS207". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  10. "ar53_r207.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  11. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  12. J.P. Euzéby. ""Nitrospinae"". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2020-11-17.
  13. .Sayers; et al. "Nitrospinae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2020-11-17.
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