Teschovirus

Teschovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Picornaviridae. Pigs serve as natural hosts. There are two species in this genus, including Teschovirus A (previously Porcine teschovirus), which is responsible for the porcine enteroviral encephalomyelitis disease caused in pigs.[1] The genus name comes from this species and the disease it causes: Teschen disease (a severe and fatal form of pig encephalomyelitis), which itself was named for the town Teschen in Poland/Czechoslovakia where the disease was first recognised in 1929.[1][2][3]

Teschovirus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Pisoniviricetes
Order: Picornavirales
Family: Picornaviridae
Genus: Teschovirus
Synonyms
  • Porcine teschovirus

Genome

Teschovirus has a single-stranded, linear, non-segmented RNA genome. The RNA genome is positively sensed meaning that it has the same polarity as the mRNA and no reverse transcription is necessary. The size of the genome is between 7000 and 9000 nucleotides long. In addition the virus genome contains at the 5’ end a protein called VPg and the 3’ end is polyadenylated. Through translation of the genome a polyprotein is produced. It is later cleaved in order to give twelve proteins. These proteins are nucleoproteins, non-structural proteins, a polymerase, proteases like the leader protein and the genome linked-protein.[4]

Taxonomy

The genus contains the following species:[3]

  • Teschovirus A
  • Teschovirus B

Structure

Viruses in Teschovirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical, and round geometries, and T=pseudo3 symmetry. The diameter is around 30 nm.[2]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
TeschovirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-envelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the virus to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by ribosomal skipping. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and viroporins. Pig serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are fecal-oral.[2]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
TeschovirusSwineGastrointestinal tract; CNSCell receptor endocytosisLysisCytoplasmCytoplasmOral-fecal

References
  1. "Overview of Teschovirus Encephalomyelitis". The Merck Veterinary Manual. Merck Manuals.
  2. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  3. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  4. Malik YS, Bhat S, Vlasova AN, Wang FI, Touil N, Ghosh S, Dhama K, Yadav MP, Singh RK (2020). Emerging and Transboundary Animal Viruses: Teschovirus. Springer Singapore. pp. 123–136. doi:10.1007/978-981-15-0402-0_6. ISBN 9789811504013. PMC 7123469.
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