Cefpodoxime

Cefpodoxime is an oral, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Notable exceptions include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides fragilis. Currently, it is only marketed as generic preparations in the US, according to the FDA Orange Book. It is commonly used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, sinusitis, and gonorrhea. It also finds use as oral continuation therapy when intravenous cephalosporins (such as ceftriaxone) are no longer necessary for continued treatment.

Cefpodoxime
Clinical data
Trade namesVantin, others
Other namesCefpodoxime proxetil
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa698024
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B1
Routes of
administration		Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability50%
Protein binding21% to 29%
MetabolismNegligible. Cefpodoxime proxetil is metabolized to cefpodoxime by the liver
Elimination half-life2 hours
ExcretionRenal, unchanged
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • (6R,7R)-7-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyimino-acetyl]amino}-3-(methoxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.210.871
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC15H17N5O6S2
Molar mass427.45 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
SMILES
  • O=C2N1/C(=C(\CS[C@@H]1[C@@H]2NC(=O)C(=N\OC)/c3nc(sc3)N)COC)C(=O)O
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C15H17N5O6S2/c1-25-3-6-4-27-13-9(12(22)20(13)10(6)14(23)24)18-11(21)8(19-26-2)7-5-28-15(16)17-7/h5,9,13H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H2,16,17)(H,18,21)(H,23,24)/b19-8-/t9-,13-/m1/s1 Y
  • Key:WYUSVOMTXWRGEK-HBWVYFAYSA-N Y
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Cefpodoxime inhibits cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in cell walls. It has well established pharmacokinetic profile with absorption of 50%. It is indicated in community acquired pneumonia, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, and uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

It was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1989.[1]

Spectrum of bacterial susceptibility and resistance

Cefpodoxime has been used to fight pathogenic bacteria responsible for causing gonorrhoea, tonsillitis, pneumonia, and bronchitis. Representative pathogenic genera include Streptococcus, Haemophilus, and Neisseria. The following represents MIC susceptibility data for a few medically significant microorganisms.[2]

  • Haemophilus influenzae: ≤0.03 – 1 μg/ml
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae: 0.004 – 0.06 μg/ml
  • Streptococcus pyogenes: ≤0.004 – 2 μg/ml

Brand name

Zoetis markets cefpodoxime proxetil under the trade name Simplicef for veterinary use, Finecure,[3] India markets the products under trade name Cefpo.[4]

Vantin (by Pfizer)[5] in suspension or tablet form.

Toraxim (by Delta Pharma Ltd. Bangladesh)

Trucef (by Renata Limited, Bangladesh)

Tricef (by Alkaloid Skopje, North Macedonia)

Orelox (by Sanofi-Aventis)[6]

MAPDOX-CV: Cefpodoxime and Clavulanic acid combination

MONOTAX O (Cefpodoxime)/ MONOTAX CV (Cefpodoxime and Clavulanic acid combination) (by Zydus Healthcare Ltd.)

POSTPOD-50 (Cefpodoxime 50mg/5ml) (by Laafon Galaxy Pharmaceuticals)[7]

References
  1. Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 495. ISBN 9783527607495.
  2. "Cefpodoxime, Free Acid Susceptibility and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Data" (PDF).
  3. "Pharmaceuticals Manufacturer, Marketer, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company India". www.finecurepharma.com. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  4. "Anti Biotics and Anti Bacterial". Finecurepharmaceuticalsltd. Archived from the original on 2012-03-06. Retrieved 2012-03-27.
  5. "Vantin – Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Retrieved 2019-05-02.
  6. "Orelox - Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
  7. "Postpod dry syrup". Laafon Galaxy Pharmaceuticals Company in Karnal. Retrieved 2020-09-16.
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