1350s

The 1350s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1350, and ended on December 31, 1359.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
Categories:
  • Births
  • Deaths
  • By country
  • By topic
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments

Events

1350

January–December
  • January 9 – Giovanni II Valente becomes Doge of Genoa.
  • May 23 (possible date) – Hook and Cod wars in the County of Holland: A number of nobles and progressive cities supporting William V, Count of Holland, in his power struggle with his mother Margaret I, Countess of Holland, found the Cod League and perhaps sign the Cod Alliance Treaty.
  • August 29 – Battle of Winchelsea (Les Espagnols sur Mer) off the south coast of England: An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Castilian fleet.
  • September 5 – Hook and Cod wars in the County of Holland: Conservative noblemen found the Hook League and sign the Hook Alliance Treaty.
  • November 17 – To pay for the expenses of the revived war with the Republic of Venice, the Republic of Genoa has to subscribe a loan at an interest rate of 10%, from an association of creditors known as the Compera imposita per gerra Venetorum.[1]

Date unknown
  • Hayam Wuruk becomes ruler of the Majapahit Empire.
  • The Punta Lobos massacre is carried out by members of the powerful Chimu Empire in Peru, leaving a residue of 200 murders.
  • The Black Death first appears in Scotland[2] and Sweden.[3]
  • The castle of Rapperswil is largely destroyed by Rudolf Brun, mayor of the city of Zürich.

1351

January–December

Date unknown
  • The Red Turban Rebellions break out in China, leading to permanent weakening of the Mongolian-run Yuan dynasty.
  • King Gongmin ascends the throne in Goryeo.
  • The region of Vantaa in Finland is first mentioned (as Helsinge).

1352

January–December

Date unknown
  • Süleyman Pasha (son of Orhan) is probably granted control of Çimpe Castle on the Gallipoli peninsula by Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos, the first territory west of the Bosporus held by the Ottoman Empire.[5]

1353

January–December

Date unknown

1354

January–December
  • Early in the year – Ibn Battuta returns from his travels at the command of Abu Inan Faris, sultan of Morocco, who appoints a scribe to write an account of the adventures.
  • February 12 – The Treaty of Stralsund settles border disputes between the duchies of Mecklenburg and Pomerania.
  • March 2 – The Gallipoli earthquake occurs, followed within a month by Turkish capture and settlement, the Fall of Gallipoli.
  • October 8 – Cola di Rienzo, self-proclaimed "tribune" of Rome, is killed by an angry mob.
  • December 10 – The reign of John VI Kantakouzenos as Byzantine Emperor is ended, after John V Palaiologos retakes Constantinople and is restored as sole emperor.

Date unknown
  • After 24 years of struggling for independence, since the Battle of Posada (1330), won against Hungarians by his father, Nicholas Alexander of Wallachia becomes vassal to Hungarian king Louis I.
  • The Ottoman Turks capture the city of Didymoteicho from the Byzantine Empire.
  • Sahab-ud-Din becomes Sultan of Kashmir.
  • Assassins strike down Sultan Hassan, and his body is never returned.

1355
  • January 6 – Charles IV of Bohemia is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy as King of Italy in Milan.
  • January 7 – King Alphonso IV of Portugal sends three men who kill Inês de Castro, beloved of his son Peter, who revolts and incites a civil war.
  • February 10 – St Scholastica Day riot in Oxford, England, breaks out, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead in two days.
  • April – Philip II, Prince of Taranto, marries Maria of Calabria, daughter of Charles, Duke of Calabria, and Marie of Valois.
  • April 5 – Charles IV is crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome.
  • April 18 – In Venice, the Council of Ten beheads Doge Marin Falier, for conspiring to kill them.
  • August – Battle of Nesbit Moor: The Scottish army decisively defeats the English.
  • September 1 – The old town of Visoki is first mentioned in Tvrtko I of Bosnia's charter in castro nostro Vizoka vocatum.
  • October 5–December 2 – Hundred Years' War: Black Prince's chevauchée of 1355: A large mounted Anglo-Gascon force under the command of Edward the Black Prince marches from Bordeaux in English-held Gascony 300 miles (480 km) south to Narbonne and back, devastating a wide swathe of French territory.
  • Date unknown – Battle of Ihtiman: The Ottoman Turks defeat the Bulgarian Empire.

1356

January–December

Date unknown

1357

January–December
  • February 3 – The Estates General in France meets and passes Étienne Marcel's Great Ordinance in an attempt to impose limits on the monarchy, in particular in fiscal and monetary matters.[7]
  • April 28 – Erik Magnusson is recognized as king of most of Sweden, in opposition to his father, King Magnus.[8]
  • May 28 – Peter I becomes King of Portugal, after the death of his father, Alfonso IV.[9]
  • July 9 – Formal start of construction on Charles Bridge in Prague.[10]
  • July 22 – On the death of Jani Beg, he is succeeded as Khan of the Blue Horde by his son Berdi Beg[11] who orders the death of at least 12 of his close kinsmen to secure his position.
  • October 3 – The Treaty of Berwick ends the Second War of Scottish Independence and King David II of Scotland is released by the English in return for a ransom.[12]

Date unknown
  • The Blue Horde unseats Ghazan II as the ruler of the Il-Khanate, and appoints their own governor.
  • Battle of Bubat: The Sundanese royal family is massacred by the Majapahit Army on the orders of Gajah Mada; the death toll includes Sundanese King Lingga Buana and Princess Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi, who commits suicide.
  • Rao Kanhadev becomes Rathore ruler of Marwar (part of modern-day India).[13]
  • Influenza is first identified as a disease.[14]
  • The first public exhibition of the Shroud of Turin is recorded.[15]
  • The Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat (Famous Wat Yai) Temple is constructed in Phitsanulok, Thailand.[16]

1358

January–December
  • January 10 – Muhammad II as Said becomes ruler of the Marinid dynasty in modern-day Morocco after the assassination of Abu Inan Faris.
  • February 11 – Mohammed Shah I becomes Bahmani Sultan of Deccan (part of modern-day southern India) after the death of Sultan Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah.
  • February 18 – Treaty of Zadar, between Louis I of Hungary/Croatia and the Republic of Venice: The Venetians lose influence over their former Dalmatian holdings.
  • March 16 – King Haakon VI of Norway designates the city of Skien as a city with trading privileges, making it the sixth town with city status in Norway.
  • May 28 – Hundred Years' War: The Jacquerie – A peasant rebellion begins in France, which consumes the Beauvais, and allies with Étienne Marcel's seizure of Paris.
  • June 27 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded.
  • July 10 – Battle of Mello: The Jacquerie rebellion is defeated by a coalition of nobles, led by Charles II of Navarre.

Date unknown
  • Mubariz al-Din Muhammad, leader of the Arab Muzaffarid tribe, expels the Blue Horde from Ilkhanate territory in Persia. The Muzaffarid then release control of the Il-Khanate, after being marched on by the Mongol Jalayirid tribe, ruled by Shaikh Uvais. Shaikh Uvais becomes the new Il-Khan. The Ilkhanate is effectively now disbanded, and replaced by the Jalayirid dynasty of Persia.
  • Shah Shuja overthrows his father, Mubarazuddin Muhammad, as leader of the Muzaffarid tribe.
  • Estimation: Nanjing in Mongolian China becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Hangzhou in Mongolian China.[17]

1359

January–December
  • May 25 – The French States-General repudiates the terms of the Second Treaty of London, signed earlier in the year between England and France.
  • June 21 – Upon the death of Erik Magnusson, his claims to the Swedish throne die with him, and power is restored undivided to his father, King Magnus.
  • July 4 – Francesco II Ordelaffi surrenders to the Papal commander, Gil de Albornoz.
  • August – Qulpa becomes Khan of the Blue Horde after the death of Berdi Beg.
  • August 23 – Ismail II overthrows his uncle, Muhammed V, as Sultan of Granada (in modern-day Spain).
  • September – Margaret, Countess of Tyrol, and her second husband, Louis V, Duke of Bavaria, are absolved from excommunication.
  • December 19 – The Catalan Courts are held in Cervera, giving birth to the Deputation of the General of Catalonia (Diputació del General de Catalunya), also called Generalitat of Catalonia (Generalitat de Catalunya).

Date unknown
  • Abu Salim Ali II overthrows Muhammad II as-Said as ruler of the Marinid dynasty, in modern-day Morocco.
  • The Zayanids under Abu Hamuw II recapture Algeria.
  • Shah Mahmud overthrows his brother, Shah Shuja, as leader of the Muzaffarid tribe in Persia.
  • Ananda Patel (considered common ancestor for most of the modern-day population of Bhadran) moves to Bhadran from Anklav.
  • Berlin joins the Hanseatic League.
  • probable date – Battle of Megara: A Christian coalition defeats a Turkish raider fleet.
  • earliest possible date – Bogdan I becomes Prince of Moldavia (modern-day Moldova) after freeing it from Hungarian control. He will be ancestor of the House of Bogdan, who will rule Moldavia for more than three centuries.[18]

Significant people

Births

1350

  • January 23 – Vincent Ferrer, Valencian missionary and saint (d. 1419)
  • April 13 – Margaret III, Countess of Flanders (d. 1405)
  • June 27 – Manuel II Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1425)
  • October 12 – Dmitri Donskoi, Grand Duke of Muscovy and Vladimir (d. 1389)
  • November 25 – Katherine Swynford, mistress of John of Gaunt (approximate date; d. 1403)
  • December 27 – John I of Aragon (d. 1396)
  • date unknown
    • Jehuda Cresques, Catalan cartographer (d. 1427)
    • Agnolo Gaddi, Italian painter (d. 1396)
    • William Gascoigne, Chief Justice of England (approximate date; d. 1419)
    • Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (d. 1397)
    • John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (approximate date; d. 1400)
    • Madhava of Sangamagrama, Indian mathematician (d. 1425)
    • John I Stanley of the Isle of Man (approximate date; d. 1414)
    • Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić (d. 1415)
    • William le Scrope, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (d. 1399)
    • Andrew of Wyntoun, Scottish historian (d. 1420)
    • Záviš von Zap, Czech theologian and composer (d. c. 1411)

1351

1352

  • May 5 – Rupert of Germany, Count Palatine of the Rhine (d. 1410)
  • Elizabeth of Slavonia, Latin empress consort of Constantinople
  • date unknown

1353

1354

  • Constance of Castile, wife of John of Gaunt (d. 1394)
  • Denis, Lord of Cifuentes, infante of Portugal (d. c.1397)
  • Alonso Enríquez, Spanish nobleman (d. 1429)
  • Frederick III, Count of Moers, German nobleman (d. 1417)
  • Gilbert de Greenlaw, Scottish bishop (d. 1421)
  • Jean de Grouchy, Norman knight (k. 1435)
  • Margaret of Joinville, French noblewoman (d. 1418)
  • Thomas de Morley, 4th Baron Morley, English nobleman (d. 1416)
  • Eric IV, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1411/12)
  • Roger de Scales, 4th Baron Scales, English nobleman (d. 1387)
  • Catherine of Vendôme, French noblewoman (d. 1412)
  • Violante Visconti, Italian noblewoman (d. 1386)
  • Walram IV, Count of Nassau-Idstein, German nobleman (d. 1393)

1355

  • January 7 – Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, son of King Edward III of England (d. 1397)
  • August 16 – Philippa Plantagenet, Countess of Ulster (d. 1382)
  • probable
    • Acamapichtli, 1st tlatoani (monarch) of Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City), 1375-1395 (d. 1395)[19]
    • Manuel Chrysoloras, Byzantine humanist (d. 1415)
    • Konrad von Jungingen, German 25th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order
    • Gemistus Pletho, Greek scholar
    • Foelke Kampana, Frisian lady and regent (d. 1418)
    • Mircea I of Wallachia (d. 1418)

1356

  • July 29 – Martin of Aragon (d. 1410)
  • date unknown
    • Ingegerd Knutsdotter, Swedish abbess (d. 1412)
    • Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu (d. 1387)

1357

  • April 11 – King John I of Portugal (d. 1433)[20]
  • date unknown
    • Art mac Art MacMurrough-Kavanagh, King of Leinster (d. 1417)
    • Hugo von Montfort, Austrian minstrel (d. 1423)
    • Anna of Trebizond, Queen of Georgia (d. 1406)
    • Fang Xiaoru, Confucian scholar (d. 1402)
    • Je Tsongkhapa, founder of the Geluk school of Tibetan Buddhism (d. 1419)

1358

  • February 20 – Eleanor of Aragon, queen of John I of Castile (d. 1382)
  • August 24 – King John I of Castile (d. 1390)
  • September 25 – Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1408)
  • date unknown
    • Ide Pedersdatter Falk, Danish noblewoman (d. 1399)
    • Anne of Auvergne, Sovereign Dauphine of Auvergne and Countess of Forez (d. 1417)

1359

Deaths

1350

  • January 6 – Giovanni I di Murta, second doge of the Republic of Genoa
  • March 26 or 27 March – Alfonso XI of Castile (b. 1311)
  • August 22 – Philip VI of France (b. 1293)[21]
  • November 19 – Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu
  • December 26 – Jean de Marigny, French bishop
  • date unknown
    • Maol Íosa V, Earl of Strathearn, last Gaelic Mormaer of Strathearn
    • Gayatri Rajapatni, Queen consort of Majapahit
  • probable
    • Juan Ruiz, Archpriest of Hita (b. c. 1283)
    • Margaret, Countess of Soissons
    • Namdev, Marathi saint and poet (b. 1270)

1351

  • February 13 – Kō no Morofuyu, Japanese general
  • March 20 – Muhammad bin Tughluq, Sultan of Delhi
  • March 25
    • Kō no Moronao, Japanese samurai
    • Kō no Moroyasu, Japanese samurai
  • May 24 – Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman, Sultan of Morocco (b. 1297)
  • June 20 – Margareta Ebner, German nun (b. 1291)
  • November 15 – Joanna of Pfirt, duchess consort of Austria

1352

  • September 15 – Ewostatewos, Ethiopian monk and religious leader (b. 1273)
  • December 6 – Pope Clement VI (b. 1291)[22]
  • date unknown
    • Matthias of Arras, French architect (b. 1290)
    • Elizabeth of Carinthia, Queen of Sicily, regent of Sicily (b. 1298)
    • William de Ros, 3rd Baron de Ros (b. 1325)
    • Basarab I of Wallachia
    • Al-Hakim II, Caliph of Cairo
    • Laurence Minot, English poet (b. 1300)
    • Vasilii Kalika, Archbishop of Novgorod
    • Yoshida Kenkō, Japanese monk and author (b. 1283)

1353

  • February 2 – Anne of Bavaria, queen consort of Bohemia (b. 1329)
  • March 6 – Roger Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Ruthyn
  • March 11 – Theognostus, metropolitan of Kiev and Moscow
  • April 27 – Simeon of Russia, Grand Prince of Moscow and Vladimir
  • October 4 – Rudolf II, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1306)
  • November or December – Togha Temür, claimant to the throne of the Mongol Il-Khanate in Persia (assassinated)
  • date unknown
    • Matilda, daughter of King Robert the Bruce of Scotland
    • Elisabeth of Austria, Duchess of Lorraine, regent of Lorraine
    • Sir Ulick Burke, Irish nobleman

1354

  • date unknown – Wu Zhen, Chinese painter (b. 1280)

1355

1356

  • June 23 – Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut (b. 1311)
  • September 19 (killed at the Battle of Poitiers):
    • Peter I, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1311)
    • Walter VI, Count of Brienne, Constable of France (b. 1304)
  • date unknown

1357

  • January 18 – Maria of Portugal, infanta (b. 1313)
  • May 28 – King Afonso IV of Portugal (b. 1291)[25]
  • July 13 – Bartolus de Saxoferrato, Italian jurist (b. 1313)
  • date unknown
    • Usman Serajuddin, court scholar of the Bengal Sultanate (b. 1258)[26]
    • Ziauddin Barani, historian and political thinker of the Delhi Sultanate (b. 1285)
    • Jani Beg, Khan of the Blue Horde
    • Kazerouni, Masoud, Persian physician
    • Rao Tida, Rathore ruler of Marwar

1358

1359

References
  1. Canale, Michele Giuseppe (1864). Nuova Istoria della repubblica di Genova. Epoca quarta (1339-1528): I dogi popolari. Florence: Felice Le Monnier. p. 151.
  2. "BBC - History - British History in depth: Black Death". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  3. Benedictow, Ole Jørgen (19 December 2016). The Black Death and Later Plague Epidemics in the Scandinavian Countries:: Perspectives and Controversies. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 261. ISBN 978-83-7656-047-2.
  4. Rickard, J. (2000-10-03). "Battle of Taillebourg, 8 April 1351". Military History Encyclopedia on the Web. Retrieved 2015-03-26.
  5. Nicolle, David; Hook, Adam. Ottoman Fortifications 1300-1710. Osprey Publishing, 2010. Accessed 3 Sept 2011.
  6. Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F. P., eds. (2000). Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West Africa. New York: Marcus Weiner Press. p. 299. ISBN 1-55876-241-8.
  7. Michelet, Jules; Smith, G. H. (1845). History of France: from the earliest period to the present time. Vol. 1. D. Appleton & Co. p. 442.
  8. Schybergson, Magnus Gottfrid (1903). Finlands historia (in Swedish). Vol. 2. G. W. Edlund. p. 90.
  9. "Oporto to Photoengraving". Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 21. Scholastic Library Publishing. 2004. p. 803. ISBN 978-0-7172-0138-9.
  10. Burton, Richard (2003). Prague: a cultural and literary history. Signal Books. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-902669-63-2.
  11. Perrie, Maureen; Lieven, D. C. B.; Suny, Ronald Grigor (2006). The Cambridge History of Russia: From early Rus' to 1689. Cambridge University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-521-81227-6.
  12. Brown, Keith M. (2004). Tanner, Roland (ed.). Parliament and politics in Scotland, 1235–1560. Edinburgh University Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-7486-1485-1.
  13. Bunce, Frederick W. (2006). Royal palaces, residences, and pavilions of India. D.K. Printworld. p. 303. ISBN 978-81-246-0356-7.
  14. Raoult, Didier; Drancourt, Michel (2008). Paleomicrobiology: past human infections. Springer. p. 200. ISBN 978-3-540-75854-9.
  15. The Remarkable Metrological History of Radiocarbon Dating. Vol. 2. DIANE Publishing. p. 200. ISBN 978-1-4223-1857-7.
  16. Eliot, Joshua; Bickersteth, Jane (2003). Thailand handbook (2nd ed.). Footprint Travel Guides. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-903471-54-8.
  17. Geography at about.com
  18. Georgescu, Vlad (1991). The Romanians: A History. Ohio State University Press. p. 18. ISBN 0-8142-0511-9.
  19. "Acamapichtli, "Puñado de cañas" (1375-1395)" [Acamapichtli, "Fistful of canes" (1375-1395)]. Arqueologia Mexicana (in Spanish). July 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
  20. "John I | king of Portugal". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
  21. "Philip VI | king of France". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  22. "Clement VI | pope | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  23. Hourihane, Colum (2012). The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. OUP USA. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.
  24. Panton, James (2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarecrow Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-0-8108-7497-8.
  25. "Afonso IV | king of Portugal". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
  26. Abdul Karim (2012). "Shaikh Akhi Sirajuddin Usman (R)". In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  27. "Ivan II | Russian prince". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  28. Axelrod, Alan (2013). Mercenaries: A Guide to Private Armies and Private Military Companies. CQ Press. p. 174. ISBN 9781483364674.
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