國家

Chinese
country; state; nation
 
home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools
trad. (國家) 國 家
simp. (国家) 国 家

Etymology

In ancient China, the fief of a 諸侯／诸侯 (zhūhóu) was known as a 國／国 (guó), while the fief of a 大夫 (dàfū) was known as a 家 (jiā). The two characters are also attestable in pre-Qin texts when used together with the meaning of "country; nation; state".

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 國 家
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 德 (132) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) I II
Fanqie 古或切 古牙切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kwək̚/ /kˠa/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʷək̚/ /kᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kuək̚/ /ka/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kwək̚/ /kaɨ/
Li
Rong		 /kuək̚/ /ka/
Wang
Li		 /kuək̚/ /ka/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kwək̚/ /ka/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 guo jiā
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 國 家
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 guó jiā
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kwok › ‹ kæ ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[C.q]ʷˁək/ /*kˁra/
English state (n.) household

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 國 家
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 5547 5919
Phonetic
component		 或 家
Rime
group		 職 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 國 嘉
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷɯːɡ/ /*kraː/

Noun

國家

  1. country; nation; (nation-)state
    英語國家 / 英语国家  ―  yīngyǔ guójiā  ―  English-speaking country
    內陸國家 / 内陆国家  ―  nèilù guójiā  ―  landlocked country
    單一制國家 / 单一制国家  ―  dānyīzhì guójiā  ―  unitary state
    海洋國家 / 海洋国家  ―  hǎiyáng guójiā  ―  maritime state
    治理國家 / 治理国家  ―  zhìlǐ guójiā  ―  to govern a country
    報效國家 / 报效国家  ―  bàoxiào guójiā  ―  to serve one's country
    知識分子是國家的寶貴財富。 [MSC, trad.]
    知识分子是国家的宝贵财富。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhīshifènzǐ shì guójiā de bǎoguì cáifù. [Pinyin]
    Educated people are valuable assets to the country.
  2. (Classical Chinese) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government
  3. (Classical Chinese) emperor
  4. (Classical Chinese) city or town enfeoffed to a vassal lord
  5. (Classical Chinese) capital city (of a country)

Synonyms
  • (country): 國度／国度 (guódù), (archaic, figuratively) 社稷 (shèjì)
  • (royal court):
  • (emperor):
  • (capital city):

Adjective

國家

  1. (attributive) national; country; (nation-)state
    國家稅務總局 / 国家税务总局  ―  guójiā shuìwù zǒngjú  ―  the State Administration of Taxation (of the People's Republic of China)
    捍衛國家主權 / 捍卫国家主权  ―  hànwèi guójiā zhǔquán  ―  to uphold national sovereignty

Derived terms
Derived terms from 國家

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (國家):

Japanese
Kanji in this term
國 家
こく > こっ
Jinmeiyō		 か
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Noun

國家 (kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai kanji 国家, hiragana こっか, rōmaji kokka)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 国家: nation

Korean
Hanja in this term
國家

Noun

國家 • (gukga) (hangeul 국가)

  1. Hanja form? of 국가 (“nation, country, state, polity”).

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this word
國家

Noun

國家

  1. Hán tự form of quốc gia (“nation, state”).
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