壟

See also: 垄

壟	U+58DF, 壟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58DF

← 壞
[U+58DE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

壠 →
[U+58E0]

Translingual

Han character

壟 (radical 32, 土+16, 19 strokes, cangjie input 卜心土 (YPG), four-corner 0110₄, composition ⿱龍土)

References

KangXi: page 242, character 5

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5591

Dae Jaweon: page 482, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 500, character 4

Unihan data for U+58DF

Chinese

trad.		壟
simp.		垄
variant forms		壠垅

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (龍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
驡	ʔslaːŋʔ, roŋ
龐	*broːŋ
瀧	rroːŋ, sroːŋ, *roːŋ
籠	roːŋ, roːŋʔ, *roŋ
豅	*roːŋ
朧	roːŋ, roŋs
龓	roːŋ, roːŋʔ
聾	*roːŋ
礱	roːŋ, roːŋs
嚨	*roːŋ
蘢	roːŋ, roŋ
櫳	*roːŋ
襱	roːŋ, roːŋʔ, *r'oŋʔ
瓏	*roːŋ
曨	roːŋ, roːŋʔ
鸗	roːŋ, roŋ
蠪	*roːŋ
巃	*roːŋʔ
竉	*roːŋʔ
攏	*roːŋʔ
儱	roːŋʔ, roŋs
龍	b·roŋ, mroːŋ
躘	roŋ, roŋs
隴	*roŋʔ
壠	*roŋʔ
壟	*roŋʔ
寵	*r̥ʰoŋʔ
龏	kloŋ, kloŋs, *qroːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *roŋʔ) : phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lǒng (long³)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄥˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lung⁵
Min Nan (POJ): lióng / lóng / lěng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lǒng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄥˇ
  - Wade–Giles: lung³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: loong
  - IPA ^(key): /lʊŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lung⁵
  - Yale: lúhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lung⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: lung⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /lʊŋ¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lióng
  - Tâi-lô: lióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liorng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /liɔŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lóng
  - Tâi-lô: lóng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lorng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /lɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lěng
  - Tâi-lô: lǐng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ²²/

Note:

lióng - literary;
lěng - vernacular;
lóng - vernacular (俗).

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*roŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	壟
Reading #	1/1
No.	8444
Phonetic component	龍
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	隴
Old Chinese	/*roŋʔ/
Notes	壠注或體見方言

Definitions

壟

Compounds

丘壟／丘垄
入壟／入垄
壟作／垄作
壟墓／垄墓
壟斷／垄断 (lǒngduàn)

壟斷市場／垄断市场
壟斷獨登／垄断独登
壟斷資本／垄断资本
壟溝／垄沟 (lǒnggōu)
壟畝之臣／垄亩之臣

瓦壟／瓦垄
瓦壟子／瓦垄子
登壟／登垄
輟耕壟上／辍耕垄上

Japanese

Kanji

壟

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

mound
grave
rice field dike

Readings

Go-on: る (ru)
Kan-on: りょう (ryō)
Kan’yō-on: ろう (rō)
Kun: うね (une, 壟); おか (oka, 壟); つか (tsuka, 壟)

Korean

Hanja

壟 • (rong) (hangeul 롱, revised rong, McCune–Reischauer rong)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

壟 (lũng)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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