生活

Chinese
 
to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw
 
to live; alive; living; work; workmanship
simp. and trad.
(生活)		 生 活

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 生 生 活 活
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 生 (21) 生 (21) 見 (28) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 庚 (109) 庚 (109) 末 (64) 末 (64)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Closed Closed
Division (等) II II I I
Fanqie 所庚切 所敬切 古活切 戸括切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʃˠæŋ/ /ʃˠæŋH/ /kuɑt̚/ /ɦuɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʃᵚaŋ/ /ʃᵚaŋH/ /kʷɑt̚/ /ɦʷɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʃaŋ/ /ʃaŋH/ /kuɑt̚/ /ɣuɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʂaɨjŋ/ /ʂaɨjŋH/ /kwat̚/ /ɦwat̚/
Li
Rong		 /ʃɐŋ/ /ʃɐŋH/ /kuɑt̚/ /ɣuɑt̚/
Wang
Li		 /ʃɐŋ/ /ʃɐŋH/ /kuɑt̚/ /ɣuɑt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʂɐŋ/ /ʂɐŋH/ /kuɑt̚/ /ɣuɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shēng shèng guo huó
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 生 生 生 活
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shēng shēng shēng huó
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sræng › ‹ sræng › ‹ srjæng › ‹ hwat ›
Old
Chinese		 /*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?) /*sreŋ/ /*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?) /*[ɡ]ʷˁat/
English bear, be born; live fresh, raw bear, be born; live to live

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 生 生 活 活
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/2 2/2
No. 11312 11322 7568 7585
Phonetic
component		 生 生 桰 桰
Rime
group		 耕 耕 月 月
Rime
subdivision		 0 0 3 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 生 生 括 活
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰleːŋ/ /*sreŋs/ /*koːd/ /*ɡoːd/

Noun

生活

  1. life (activities in life)
    日常生活  ―  rìcháng shēnghuó  ―  everyday life
    城市生活  ―  chéngshì shēnghuó  ―  urban life
    生活節奏 / 生活节奏  ―  shēnghuó jiézòu  ―  pace of life
    豪華生活 / 豪华生活  ―  háohuá shēnghuó  ―  high life
    熱愛生活 / 热爱生活  ―  rè'ài shēnghuó  ―  to love one's life
    生活態度 / 生活态度  ―  shēnghuó tàidù  ―  outlook on life
    我感覺自己的生活很無聊。 [MSC, trad.]
    我感觉自己的生活很无聊。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ gǎnjiào zìjǐ de shēnghuó hěn wúliáo. [Pinyin]
    I feel my life is boring.
    我們都嚮往幸福的生活。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们都向往幸福的生活。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen dōu xiàngwǎng xìngfú de shēnghuó. [Pinyin]
    We all long for a happy life.
    這個技術能讓我們的生活更方便。 [MSC, trad.]
    这个技术能让我们的生活更方便。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè ge jìshù néng ràng wǒmen de shēnghuó gèng fāngbiàn. [Pinyin]
    This technology can make our lives more convenient.
  2. livelihood

Synonyms
  • (livelihood):

Verb

生活

  1. to live; to exist; to lead a lifestyle
    健康生活  ―  jiànkāng shēnghuó  ―  to lead a healthy lifestyle

Derived terms
Derived terms from 生活

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (生活):

See also

Japanese
Kanji in this term
生 活
せい
Grade: 1		 かつ
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

生活 (hiragana せいかつ, rōmaji seikatsu)

  1. life; livelihood; daily living.

Usage notes

生活 is distinct from 命 (いのち, inochi, life), because it refers to daily life and livelihood as it is experienced, whereas 命 refers to life as a whole (from birth to death), or as an abstract concept. Both are generally translated as life, however, as this distinction is not normally made in English.

Synonyms

Compounds

Verb

生活する (intransitive, suru conjugation, hiragana せいかつする, rōmaji seikatsu suru)

  1. live a life

Conjugation
Conjugation of "生活する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 生活し せいかつし seikatsu shi
Continuative (連用形) 生活し せいかつし seikatsu shi
Terminal (終止形) 生活する せいかつする seikatsu suru
Attributive (連体形) 生活する せいかつする seikatsu suru
Hypothetical (仮定形) 生活すれ せいかつすれ seikatsu sure
Imperative (命令形) 生活せよ¹
生活しろ²		 せいかつせよ¹
せいかつしろ²		 seikatsu seyo¹
seikatsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 生活される せいかつされる seikatsu sareru
Causative 生活させる
生活さす		 せいかつさせる
せいかつさす		 seikatsu saseru
seikatsu sasu
Potential 生活できる せいかつできる seikatsu dekiru
Volitional 生活しよう せいかつしよう seikatsu shiyō
Negative 生活しない せいかつしない seikatsu shinai
Negative continuative 生活せず せいかつせず seikatsu sezu
Formal 生活します せいかつします seikatsu shimasu
Perfective 生活した せいかつした seikatsu shita
Conjunctive 生活して せいかつして seikatsu shite
Hypothetical conditional 生活すれば せいかつすれば seikatsu sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
生活

Noun

生活 • (saenghwal) (hangeul 생활)

  1. Hanja form? of 생활 (“lifestyle, way of life, daily living”).

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term
生活

Noun

生活

  1. Hán tự form of sinh hoạt (“life”).
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