末

See also: 夫, 禾, 天, 未, 夭, and 木
末 U+672B, 末
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-672B
← 未
[U+672A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 本 →
[U+672C]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

末 (radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 木十 (DJ), four-corner 50900, composition ⿻一木)

Derived characters

Descendants

References
  • KangXi: page 509, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14420
  • Dae Jaweon: page 891, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1150, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+672B

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 末

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (末) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
眛 *maːds, *mɯːds
沬 *maːds, *hmɯːds, *mɯds
佅 *mraːds
韎 *mreːds, *maːd
帓 *mraːd
粖 *meːd, *maːd
末 *maːd
昩 *maːd
秣 *maːd
靺 *maːd
眜 *maːd
抹 *maːd
妺 *maːd
怽 *maːd
沫 *maːd
袜 *maːd

Ideogram (指事) : a tree (木) with its top highlighted with an extra stroke, implying the meaning of “apex”; contrast 本, 朱.

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • boa̍h - vernacular;
  • boa̍t - literary.
Note:
  • bhuah8 - vernacular;
  • muêg8, muag8 - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 末
Mandarin Beijing /mo⁵¹/
Harbin /mɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /mo⁵³/
Jinan /mə²¹/
Qingdao /mə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mo²⁴/
Xi'an /mo²¹/
Xining /mɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /muə¹³/
Lanzhou /mə¹³/ ～尾
/mə⁴⁴²/ ～～子
Ürümqi /mɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /mo²¹³/
Chengdu /mo³¹/
Guiyang /mo²¹/
Kunming /mo³¹/
Nanjing /moʔ⁵/
Hefei /mɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /maʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /maʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /məʔ¹/
Suzhou /məʔ³/
Hangzhou /moʔ²/
Wenzhou /mø²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔ²²/
Tunxi /mo¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mo²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /mɵʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /mat̚⁵/
Taoyuan /mɑt̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mut̚²/
Nanning /mut̚²²/
Hong Kong /mut̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /buat̚⁵/
/buaʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /muaʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /muɛ⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /muak̚⁵/
/buaʔ⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /muak̚⁵/
/muak̚³/
Rime
Character 末
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 末 (64)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫撥切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /muɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mʷɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /muɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mwat̚/
Li
Rong		 /muɑt̚/
Wang
Li		 /muɑt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /muɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 mò
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 末
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 mò
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mat ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mˁat/
English end of a branch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 末
Reading # 1/1
No. 9223
Phonetic
component		 末
Rime
group		 月
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 末
Old
Chinese		 /*maːd/

Definitions

末

  1. tip; treetop
  2. end; last stage
    末法時期 / 末法时期  ―  mò fǎ shíqī  ―  Dharma-ending age
  3. final; last
  4. insignificant

Compounds
Derived terms from 末

Pronunciation 2
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 末
Mandarin Beijing /mo⁵¹/
Harbin /mɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /mo⁵³/
Jinan /mə²¹/
Qingdao /mə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mo²⁴/
Xi'an /mo²¹/
Xining /mɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /muə¹³/
Lanzhou /mə¹³/ ～尾
/mə⁴⁴²/ ～～子
Ürümqi /mɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /mo²¹³/
Chengdu /mo³¹/
Guiyang /mo²¹/
Kunming /mo³¹/
Nanjing /moʔ⁵/
Hefei /mɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /maʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /maʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /məʔ¹/
Suzhou /məʔ³/
Hangzhou /moʔ²/
Wenzhou /mø²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔ²²/
Tunxi /mo¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mo²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /mɵʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /mat̚⁵/
Taoyuan /mɑt̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mut̚²/
Nanning /mut̚²²/
Hong Kong /mut̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /buat̚⁵/
/buaʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /muaʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /muɛ⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /muak̚⁵/
/buaʔ⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /muak̚⁵/
/muak̚³/

Definitions
  1. Same as 麼／么 (me).

Japanese

Kanji
末

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

See also

Noun

末 (hiragana すえ, rōmaji sue, historical hiragana すゑ)

  1. the last; the end
    今年 (ことし)末 (すえ)までに
    kotoshi sue made ni
    until the end of this year
  2. last child, youngest child
  3. triviality
  4. offspring, descendant
Antonyms

See also
  • Appendix:Gikun_Usage_in_Meiji_Version_of_Japanese_Bible/苗裔

Noun

末 (hiragana まつ, rōmaji matsu)

  1. the end
  2. powder

Noun

末 (hiragana うら, rōmaji ura)

  1. (archaic) tip, top end

Noun

末 (hiragana うれ, rōmaji ure)

  1. (archaic) the trunk or leaves of a tree
  2. (archaic) the tips of the branches of a tree

Korean

Hanja

末 • (mal) (hangeul 말, revised mal, McCune–Reischauer mal, Yale mal)

  1. (끝): the end, last, low
  2. (가루): flour, powder
  3. (허드레): something coarse, improper, inferior, trivial
    • 1431: 鄕藥採取月令[1] 十二月 (향약채취월령 십이월, hyang-yag-chaechwi-wolryeong sib-iwol):
      芰實鄕名末栗[2] [3] (기실향명말밤, gisil-hyangmyeong-malbam, "The folk name of the water caltrop fruit is coarse chestnut.")

Compounds
end, last
flour, powder
  • 紛末 (분말, bunmal)
something coarse
  • 末栗 (말밤, malbam) [4]

Usage notes
  1. This was authored by several scholars at the direction of King Sejong of Yi Dynasty, concerning the folk medical herb gathering by month.
  2. Cited by: 南廣祐 (1997). 敎學古語辭典. 敎學社. p. 538.
  3. "末栗" is a hanja rendering for 말밤(mal-bam), the origin of 마름(mareum, 菱) "water caltrop, water chestnut," literally, "coarse chestnut" such as "horse-chestnut".
  4. Meaning "water caltrop, (also implausibly) water chestnut." Another likely literal reading is malryul.

Vietnamese

Han character

末 (mạt, mất, mặt, mết, mệt, mượt)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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