U+83AB, 莫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83AB

[U+83AA]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+83AC]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 140, +7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿日大 (TAK), four-corner 44430, composition or ⿱)

Derived characters

References

Wikidata

  • KangXi: page 1035, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31078
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3217, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+83AB

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*mraː
*mraːɡs
*maːl
*maː
*maː, *maːɡ
*maː
*maː
*maː, *maːɡ
*maː
*maːɡs
*maːɡs
*maːɡs
*maːɡs
*maːɡs
*maːɡ
*maːɡ
*maːɡ
*maːɡ
*maːɡ
*maːɡ
*maːɡ
*maːɡ
*maːɡ, *mraːɡ
*maːɡ
*mraːɡ
*mraːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – the sun () sinking into the bushes (); dusk. Original form of (OC *maːɡs, “dusk”).

The bottom was later distorted into .

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.

From (OC *ma, “there is no”) + distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • mŏ̤h - vernacular (“don't”);
  • mŏk - literary.
Note:
  • bo̍k - literary;
  • bo̍h - vernacular.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /mo⁵¹/
Harbin /mɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /mo⁵³/
Jinan /mə²¹/
Qingdao /mə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mo²⁴/
Xi'an /mo²¹/
Xining /mɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /muə¹³/
Lanzhou /mə¹³/
Ürümqi /mɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /mo²¹³/
Chengdu /mo³¹/
Guiyang /mo²¹/
Kunming /mo³¹/
Nanjing /moʔ⁵/
Hefei /mɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /maʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /maʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /moʔ¹/
Suzhou /noʔ³/
Hangzhou /moʔ²/
Wenzhou /mo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /mo¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mo²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /mɔʔ²/
/mɵʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /mok̚⁵/
Taoyuan /mok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mɔk̚²/
Nanning /mɔk̚²²/
Hong Kong /mɔk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /bɔk̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /moʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /mz̩²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /mok̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /vo³³/ 不要
/mo³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (4)
Final () (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/mɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/mɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/mak̚/
Li
Rong
/mɑk̚/
Wang
Li
/mɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/mɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ mak › ‹ mak ›
Old
Chinese
/*mˁak/ /*mˁak/
English there is no X such that X deliberate (v.) (loan)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 9252
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*maːɡ/
Notes

Definitions

  1. none; nothing; not anything
  2. (literary or dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min Dong) do not; don't; must not
  3. particle indicating a rhetorical question
  4. A surname.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of (“do not”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese , 1,
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
Mandarin Beijing , 別價
Taiwan , 不要
Harbin
Jinan , 別價, 甭價, 不要
Muping
Luoyang , ,
Wanrong , 不要
Xi'an , 不敢
Xining
Xuzhou ,
Lanzhou 不要
Ürümqi
Wuhan 1,
Chengdu 1, 不要,
Guiyang 不要
Liuzhou 1, 莫要
Yangzhou 1, 不要
Nanjing 不要
Hefei , 不要
Cantonese Guangzhou , 唔好
Hong Kong , 唔好
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 唔好
Shunde
Zhongshan (Shiqi)
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 唔好
Taishan 唔好
Kaiping (Chikan) 唔好
Dongguan , 唔好
Shaoguan
Yunfu , 唔好
Yangjiang 1, 無好
Xinyi
Lianjiang
Nanning 冇要
Kuala Lumpur
Gan Nanchang 1
Lichuan 毋要, 不要
Pingxiang 不要
Hakka Meixian 1, 毋愛, 毋好
Xingning 毋愛
Huidong 毋好
Qujiang 毋好
Xiaosanjiang 毋好
Changting 毋要
Liancheng 毋要
Ninghua 毋要
Yudu 毋要, 毋敢
Ruijin 毋要
Shicheng 毋要
Shangyou 毋要
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 毋好
Liudui (S. Sixian) 毋好
Hsinchu (Hailu) 毋好
Dongshi (Dabu) 毋好
Hsinchu (Raoping) 毋好
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 毋好
Hong Kong 毋好
Sabah 毋愛
Senai 毋好
Huizhou Jixi 不要,
Shexian 不要,
Tunxi 不要,
Jin Taiyuan 不要, 不敢
Xinzhou 不要, ,
Min Bei Jian'ou 伓敢, 伓讓, 1
Min Dong Fuzhou 伓通, 1
Fuqing 伓通
Matsu 1
Min Nan Xiamen 毋通, 毋愛, 2
Quanzhou 毋通, 毋愛
Zhangzhou 毋通, 2
Taipei 2
Kaohsiung 2
Tainan 2
Lukang 2
Sanxia 莫去
Yilan 毋通, 2
Penang 2, 毋通
Pingnan
Chaozhou , 2
Johor Bahru
Haikou 無用, 2, 無莫
Leizhou 無地
Pinghua Nanning 冇要
Wu Shanghai 勿要, 𧟰
Suzhou 𧟰
Hangzhou
Wenzhou 𧟰
Chongming 𧟰
Danyang 弗要, 𫸻
Jinhua 𫸻, 弗要, 弗用
Ningbo
Xiang Changsha 1, 不要
Shuangfeng 1
Loudi 不要, 1
Quanzhou

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
variant forms


Contraction of 毋愛毋爱 (m̄-ài).

Pronunciation


Definitions

(Min Nan)
  1. do not; don't; must not
    [Min Nan]   Mài bong góa! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   Don't touch me!
  2. to not want

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of (“do not”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese , 1,
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
Mandarin Beijing , 別價
Taiwan , 不要
Harbin
Jinan , 別價, 甭價, 不要
Muping
Luoyang , ,
Wanrong , 不要
Xi'an , 不敢
Xining
Xuzhou ,
Lanzhou 不要
Ürümqi
Wuhan 1,
Chengdu 1, 不要,
Guiyang 不要
Liuzhou 1, 莫要
Yangzhou 1, 不要
Nanjing 不要
Hefei , 不要
Cantonese Guangzhou , 唔好
Hong Kong , 唔好
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 唔好
Shunde
Zhongshan (Shiqi)
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 唔好
Taishan 唔好
Kaiping (Chikan) 唔好
Dongguan , 唔好
Shaoguan
Yunfu , 唔好
Yangjiang 1, 無好
Xinyi
Lianjiang
Nanning 冇要
Kuala Lumpur
Gan Nanchang 1
Lichuan 毋要, 不要
Pingxiang 不要
Hakka Meixian 1, 毋愛, 毋好
Xingning 毋愛
Huidong 毋好
Qujiang 毋好
Xiaosanjiang 毋好
Changting 毋要
Liancheng 毋要
Ninghua 毋要
Yudu 毋要, 毋敢
Ruijin 毋要
Shicheng 毋要
Shangyou 毋要
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 毋好
Liudui (S. Sixian) 毋好
Hsinchu (Hailu) 毋好
Dongshi (Dabu) 毋好
Hsinchu (Raoping) 毋好
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 毋好
Hong Kong 毋好
Sabah 毋愛
Senai 毋好
Huizhou Jixi 不要,
Shexian 不要,
Tunxi 不要,
Jin Taiyuan 不要, 不敢
Xinzhou 不要, ,
Min Bei Jian'ou 伓敢, 伓讓, 1
Min Dong Fuzhou 伓通, 1
Fuqing 伓通
Matsu 1
Min Nan Xiamen 毋通, 毋愛, 2
Quanzhou 毋通, 毋愛
Zhangzhou 毋通, 2
Taipei 2
Kaohsiung 2
Tainan 2
Lukang 2
Sanxia 莫去
Yilan 毋通, 2
Penang 2, 毋通
Pingnan
Chaozhou , 2
Johor Bahru
Haikou 無用, 2, 無莫
Leizhou 無地
Pinghua Nanning 冇要
Wu Shanghai 勿要, 𧟰
Suzhou 𧟰
Hangzhou
Wenzhou 𧟰
Chongming 𧟰
Danyang 弗要, 𫸻
Jinhua 𫸻, 弗要, 弗用
Ningbo
Xiang Changsha 1, 不要
Shuangfeng 1
Loudi 不要, 1
Quanzhou

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.

Pronunciation

Definitions

  1. Original form of (, “dusk; late”).
  2. a kind of vegetable

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. late
  2. end
  3. not be
  4. must not

Readings

  • Go-on: (mo); まく (maku)
  • Kan-on: (bo); ばく (baku)
  • Kun: くれ (kure, 莫れ); ない (nai, 莫い); なかれ (nakare, 莫れ)

Korean

Hanja

(mak, mo) (hangeul , )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: mạc ((mạt)(các)(thiết))[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: mác[1][2][3][4][5][6], mạc[1][2][5][6], mếch[1]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Hồ (1976).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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